共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 421 毫秒
1.
2.
合理的茎蘖组合是提升小麦绿色高效生产的重要因素。为了解湖北稻茬小麦主要茎蘖对产量及主要农艺性状的影响,以大穗型小麦品种川麦104和多穗型小麦品种扬麦15为材料,于2016-2018年在湖北十堰和武汉两地稻茬麦大田条件下,设置低(1.35×106~1.65×106株·hm^-2)、中(2.85×106~3.15×106株·hm^-2)、高(4.35×106~4.65×106株·hm^-2)三种种植密度,分析了主茎(S)、分蘖1(T1)、分蘖2(T2)和分蘖3(T3)(按出现先后顺序)的成穗率、产量贡献率及相关农艺性状的表现。结果表明:(1)湖北稻茬小麦成穗茎蘖农艺性状表现值偏低,除穗长和茎高受品种的影响最大外,其他被测性状受影响程度表现为蘖位>种植密度>品种;(2)在主茎均能成穗的情况下,分蘖成穗率随蘖位和种植密度的升高而降低,大穗型品种川麦104的降幅大于多穗型品种扬麦15;(3)主茎产量贡献率随种植密度的升高而升高(35.12%~54.50%),分蘖1产量贡献率稳定在23.25%~25.50%,分蘖2和分蘖3的产量贡献率随种植密度升高而降低,分别为14.59%~23.22%和5.42%~16.77%;(4)主茎的穗粒数(35.94~44.13粒)和穗粒重(1.44~1.93 g)显著高于其分蘖,茎高、茎蘖收获指数和穗茎节长只在川麦104中、高种植密度下的分蘖3与其他茎蘖差异显著;穗长、可孕小穗数和不孕小穗数有随蘖位和种植密度升高而变劣的趋势。聚类分析得出:湖北稻茬小麦绿色高效生产模式,以主茎成穗为主体,低种植密度下增加分蘖1和分蘖2,争取分蘖3成穗为辅;中种植密度下争取分蘖1+分蘖2成穗为辅;而高种植密度下争取分蘖1成穗为辅。 相似文献
3.
四川省玉米杂交种综合评价及主要农艺性状的关联度分析 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
利用灰色关联度分析的方法,对四川省玉米区试2005年平丘1～4组参试的40个玉米新组合及相应对照分组进行综合评价。结果表明:玉米杂交种产量与其主要农艺性状的关联度大小顺序为:单穗粒重>株高>穗位高>出籽率>穗长>适应度>穗行数>百粒重>抗倒伏>CV值>生育期>行粒数,与产量密切相关的性状是单穗粒重、株高、穗位高、出籽率和穗长等。选育玉米杂交种时,在保证适当的株高和穗位高的前提下,要注重单穗粒重、出籽率、适应性、长穗和多行的选择,同时不要忽略百粒重和抗倒性的选择。 相似文献
4.
研究以灰色系统理论为依据,采用灰色关联度分析法,对玉米自交系组合的子粒产量与9个农艺性状的相关性状进行分析。研究结果表明:玉米杂交组合的产量是由多种因素控制的,农艺性状中影响产量的因素顺序为:抽丝期>百粒重>穗粗>株高>出籽率>穗行数>穗长。 相似文献
5.
净套作下不同耐荫性大豆品种农艺性状及产量分布的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选用耐荫性不同的3个大豆品种,研究其在单作和大豆玉米套作条件下的农艺性状及产量分布情况.结果表明,与单作相比,套作增加大豆株高和底荚高,分枝减少,茎粗减小,产量降低,耐荫品种变幅均为最小,不耐荫品种变幅最大.套作大豆产量垂直方向分布向上移动,耐荫大豆以20～ 40 cm产量最高,20～ 60 cm产量所占比重大;不耐荫品种以40～60 cm产量最高,且40 cm以上产量所占比重大.与单作相比,套作下大豆产量分布向分枝集中,耐荫大豆分枝产量高于主茎;不耐荫大豆主茎产量高于分枝,且主茎产量所占比重明显高于单作. 相似文献
6.
应用灰色关联度分析方法,对玉米组合鉴定试验中主要参试品种的产量、株高、穗位高、茎粗、穗长、穗粗、轴粗、秃尖长、穗行数、行粒数、千粒重、出籽率和单株粒重等性状相关性进行了分析。结果表明:玉米产量与各性状的关联度由大到小依次为:单株粒重>穗粗>出籽率>轴粗>茎粗>千粒重>穗行数>行粒数>穗长>株高>穗位高>秃尖长。因此,在玉米组合鉴定试验中,要注重选择单株粒重高、穗比较粗、出籽率比较高和茎比较粗的品种,而对于株高、穗位高和秃尖长可适当放宽要求。 相似文献
7.
密度与行距配置对耐密型春玉米农艺性状及产量的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
采用3因素裂区设计,对3个耐密型品种在3个种植密度和3种行距配置方式下的农艺性状及产量的数量差异进行比较研究。结果表明,密度对3个品种的株高、穗位高、茎粗、群体最大叶面积指数(LAI)、穗数、穗粒数和百粒重的影响达极显著水平,行距配置对产量构成3因素存在显著或极显著影响,多个作用大小不一的农艺性状间的交互作用共同影响决定玉米产量。强盛51与大丰26分别在密度为82 500 株/hm2和“66.6+33.3”cm宽窄行配置模式下产量最高,大丰26在密度为82 500株/hm2采用“50+50” cm等行距种植产量可达15 000 kg/hm2以上,确定这3个组合为玉米超高产的最佳配置。 相似文献
8.
不同类型玉米杂交种高矮立体间作种植技术研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
2001～2003年连续对8个不同类型的玉米杂交种进行了高矮立体间作种植比较试验,结果表明:(1)适合密植的紧凑株型杂交种和稀植大穗型杂交种高、矮间作种植均比单作种植产量显著提高,F值分别为5.10,6.31,5.19,4.86;株高、穗位高比单作稍有降低;抽雄、散粉、吐丝和成熟期均比单作提早;出籽率、百粒重均比单作高.(2)高、矮每隔2行、4行或每隔6行间作产量间无显著差异.(3)玉米杂交种高、矮间作种植的增产原因是有效地协调了群体与个体之间光合性状间彼此致约的矛盾,提高了光合作用效率. 相似文献
9.
我国不同时期玉米主要农艺性状与产量变化分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
利用我国不同时期具有代表性的20个玉米单交种及其32份亲本为材料,采用裂区试验设计,进行产量与主要农艺性状变化的相关分析、通径分析和产量构成主因子分析。结果表明:品种产量和中亲产量随着年代推进逐渐提高,亲本产量与品种产量极显著正相关;产量与穗粗、单株穗干重、单株粒干重、穗轴粗、子粒长、株高、叶片宽、生育期、百粒重、行数和出籽率呈极显著或显著正相关;与穗上叶夹角、雄穗分枝数呈极显著或显著负相关;出籽率、百粒重、穗位高、生育期、穗长、穗行数等对产量增加直接作用最大;穗粗、密度、穗干重、百粒重是产量增加的主要因子。种植密度的提高、株型的改善及果穗性状的优化是玉米产量提高的主要原因。 相似文献
10.
玉米地膜覆盖、露地栽培两种种植方式的生长发育特点、植株形态及产量性状是完全不同的。应用灰色关联方法分析结果表明:两种种植方式都表现为果穗粒重对产量影响最大。地膜玉米的穗位高度、果穗重、单株绿叶面积对产量有较大影响;露地玉米对产量有较大影响的性状是百粒重、果穗重和株高。模糊综合评判方法分析,地膜玉米应种植75000株/hm2,产量可达到6750～7500kg/hm2,果穗粒重必须保持88.9g,穗位高78cm,单果穗重170g,生育后期叶面积指数为2。而露地玉米产量在3750～4500kg/hm2,果穗粒重是60g以上,百粒重30～31g,单果穗重80～90g,植株高度应达到105cm,在西藏林芝及气候相似地区种中熟玉米应采用地膜覆盖栽培。 相似文献
11.
钾素水平对油菜酶活性的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
利用盆栽试验研究不同钾素施用水平对油菜薹期酶活性的影响。结果表明 ,钾素缺乏和过量均可导致油菜叶片POD含量上升 ,CAT和SOD含量下降。不同施钾水平条件下 ,油菜下部叶的酶活性差异比上部叶更明显 相似文献
12.
Lorena Sim-Cabrera Salvador García-Chumillas Nashwa Hagagy Amna Saddiq Hend Tag Samy Selim Hamada AbdElgawad Alejandro Arribas Agüero Fuensanta Monz Snchez Vernica Cnovas Carmen Pire Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa 《Marine drugs》2021,19(3)
Plastic pollution is a worldwide concern causing the death of animals (mainly aquatic fauna) and environmental deterioration. Plastic recycling is, in most cases, difficult or even impossible. For this reason, new research lines are emerging to identify highly biodegradable bioplastics or plastic formulations that are more environmentally friendly than current ones. In this context, microbes, capable of synthesizing bioplastics, were revealed to be good models to design strategies in which microorganisms can be used as cell factories. Recently, special interest has been paid to haloarchaea due to the capability of some species to produce significant concentrations of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV) when growing under a specific nutritional status. The growth of those microorganisms at the pilot or industrial scale offers several advantages compared to that of other microbes that are bioplastic producers. This review summarizes the state of the art of bioplastic production and the most recent findings regarding the production of bioplastics by halophilic microorganisms with special emphasis on haloarchaea. Some protocols to produce/analyze bioplastics are highlighted here to shed light on the potential use of haloarchaea at the industrial scale to produce valuable products, thus minimizing environmental pollution by plastics made from petroleum. 相似文献
13.
为了探讨不同杀菌方式在达到商业杀菌要求的基础上对龙眼原汁营养成分及理化性质的影响,以广西南宁地区所产的“石硖”龙眼为原料,对比分析了巴氏杀菌(PS)、微波杀菌(MS)、超高温瞬时杀菌(UHT)和高压脉冲电场杀菌(PEF)4种杀菌方式对龙眼原汁的菌落总数、色差、pH值、可溶性固形物、总酚、糖组分及有机酸等指标的影响。结果表明：4种杀菌方式均能达到商业无菌要求,对龙眼原汁的pH值和葡萄糖含量无显著性影响(p>0.05);与对照组(CK)相比,PEF杀菌对龙眼原汁中L*值、b*值、可溶性固形物(TSS)、果糖、总糖、酒石酸、富马酸含量影响不显著(p>0.05);与PS、MS和UHT杀菌相比,PEF杀菌对龙眼原汁中的总酚、抗坏血酸、总酸的影响幅度较小。因此,PEF杀菌技术不仅具有较好的杀菌效果,而且能更好地保持龙眼汁原有的色泽和营养品质。 相似文献
14.
15.
为明确国家糖料体系甘蔗集成示范及区试品种在广西被病毒侵染情况,2017年从广西北海、南宁、崇左、百色、来宾、柳城、桂林等地集成示范及区试的52个甘蔗品种上采集带有甘蔗花叶病、甘蔗黄叶病和甘蔗杆状病毒病显著病症或不显病症叶片样品,采用特异引物通过RT-PCR和PCR方法进行5种病毒检测（甘蔗黄叶病毒、甘蔗线条花叶病毒、高粱花叶病毒、甘蔗花叶病毒和甘蔗杆状病毒）。结果表明,SCYLV的平均检出率为25.00%;SCSMV的平均检出率为7.97%;SrMV的平均检出率为7.69%;SCMV的平均检出率最低,为7.42%;SCBV的平均检出率最高,为68.41%,远远高于其他病毒。7个地方的甘蔗受病毒混合侵染现象普遍存在,北海的病毒混合侵染率甚至高于单一病毒侵染率。52个甘蔗品种在广西受5种病毒的总侵染率为79.67%,对甘蔗的生产安全存在着严重的潜在威胁,建议推广种植甘蔗脱毒种苗来缓解甘蔗病毒病害的危害。 相似文献
16.
Camila Q. V. Costa Inês I. Afonso Sandra Lage Pedro Reis Costa Adelino V. M. Canrio Jos P. Da Silva 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)
The analysis of marine lipophilic toxins in shellfish products still represents a challenging task due to the complexity and diversity of the sample matrix. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the technique of choice for accurate quantitative measurements in complex samples. By combining unambiguous identification with the high selectivity of tandem MS, it provides the required high sensitivity and specificity. However, LC-MS is prone to matrix effects (ME) that need to be evaluated during the development and validation of methods. Furthermore, the large sample-to-sample variability, even between samples of the same species and geographic origin, needs a procedure to evaluate and control ME continuously. Here, we analyzed the toxins okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxins (DTX-1 and DTX-2), pectenotoxin (PTX-2), yessotoxin (YTX) and azaspiracid-1 (AZA-1). Samples were mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), both fresh and processed, and a toxin-free mussel reference material. We developed an accurate mass-extracted ion chromatogram (AM-XIC) based quantitation method using an Orbitrap instrument, evaluated the ME for different types and extracts of mussel samples, characterized the main compounds co-eluting with the targeted molecules and quantified toxins in samples by following a standard addition method (SAM). An AM-XIC based quantitation of lipophilic toxins in mussel samples using high resolution and accuracy full scan profiles (LC-HR-MS) is a good alternative to multi reaction monitoring (MRM) for instruments with HR capabilities. ME depend on the starting sample matrix and the sample preparation. ME are particularly strong for OA and related toxins, showing values below 50% for fresh mussel samples. Results for other toxins (AZA-1, YTX and PTX-2) are between 75% and 110%. ME in unknown matrices can be evaluated by comparing their full scan LC-HR-MS profiles with those of known samples with known ME. ME can be corrected by following SAM with AM-XIC quantitation if necessary. 相似文献
17.
本文描述了危害我国华南留种红麻两种粉蚧:木槿曼粉蚧Maconellicoccushirsutus(Green)、拟葡萄粉蚧PseudococcusViburini(Signoret)的主要形态特征及其差异比较,这对红麻害虫虫种的识别及指导防治具有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
Holden Verdeprado Tobias Kretzschmar Hasina Begum Chitra Raghavan Priya Joyce Prakash Lakshmanan 《Plant Production Science》2018,21(3):159-176
In the last decade, association mapping (AM) has become a well-established method to detect genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with agronomically important traits. The identification of a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genome sequencing and concurrent development of high-throughput genotyping platforms has led to AM being widely used for a range of crops. These technologies have been used in rice (Oryza sativa) to explore the abundant diversity and there is enormous potential to identify novel QTLs for traits of interest. Due to the availability of cost-effective high-throughput SNP genotyping methods and rapid developments in rice genomics, it is inevitable that these AM approaches will become more popular in the future, especially in the context of genome-wide association studies (GWASs). In this paper, we review the fundamental concepts, critical considerations and limitations of AM focusing on rice, and reiterate the importance of accurate phenotypic data. We also include a section about connecting GWAS to molecular breeding, covering practical consideration for breeders, which is required to use GWAS results in actual rice molecular breeding programs and which has not received adequate attention in the scientific literature. 相似文献
19.
Plant breeding efficiency is increased by better taking into account the needs of the clients. This can sometimes be helped by involving farmers in selection in the segregating generations. We describe a rice-breeding programme in Nepal where the use of simple breeding methods optimised the benefits from such collaboration. Farmers grew in their fields large populations that were bulks derived from the F2 generations of single crosses. They selected within them starting in a generation where selfing was sufficiently advanced for the between-plant heritability to be high. Poorer bulks were soon rejected by farmers. A high proportion selected within the bulks and a significant proportion did so over several generations. An increasing number of farmers grew the best of the selected bulks because they spread from farmer to farmer without the need of intervention from scientists. Varieties selected from these bulks were preferred by farmers in on-farm trials and had a superior combination of yield and maturity compared with the later breeders’ selection from the same bulk. Levels of participation were higher with the better performing bulks and even when training was not provided, provided the germplasm performed acceptably well sufficient farmers selected in the bulks to make collaborative breeding cost effective. Collaborative breeding can be successful but demands different types of resources than those for on-station breeding so its cost effectiveness will vary with circumstances. It can be used to increase the probability of selecting segregants that perform well across environments by using methods that pool bulks selected by different farmers and it is also extremely useful for decentralising breeding programmes. 相似文献
20.
利用Affymetrix芯片分析DON诱导抗赤霉病小麦品种望水白的基因表达谱 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国小麦地方品种望水白不但高抗赤霉病,而且其籽粒中DON(脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇,被认为是赤霉病的致病因子)含量也低.为了研究望水白低DON含量的分子机制,利用Affymetrix小麦基因芯片对望水白受DON诱导调控的基因进行高通量的检测,以DON诱导后12 h和24 h混合样品作为处理组,水处理做为对照.总共检测到差异表达的基因1 114个,其中上调表达的基因有949个,下调基因165个.在上调表达基因中,推断有功能的基因涉及转录因子、信号蛋白、着丝粒蛋白以及与病程相关的基因,如:腺苷三磷酸结合盒转运蛋白,谷胱甘酞转移酶、细胞色素P450酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、葡萄糖基转移酶以及抗病蛋白等.对上调表达中的部分基因进行RT-PCR分析,证实它们都受DON诱导上调表达,与芯片检测结果吻合. 相似文献