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1.
Takahito Kojima Tomohiro Suga Akitsu Kusano Saeko Shimizu Haruna Matsumoto Shinichi Aoki Noriyuki Takai Toru Taniuchi 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(1):13-20
The auditory pressure thresholds of red sea bream were examined using cardiac response in the field by placing fish subjects far from the sound source to prevent particle motion. Pressure and particle motion thresholds were also obtained using the auditory brainstem response (ABR) technique. The thresholds at 100 and 200 Hz were significantly higher when measured using the cardiac response in the far field than those obtained in previously conducted experiments in experimental tub. However, thresholds obtained using ABR from 200 to 500 Hz were not remarkably lower, although significantly different (0.01 < P < 0.05), compared with those obtained using cardiac response in the far field. Furthermore, calculated particle velocity thresholds indicated that fish probably detected particle motion within the frequency range of 50–200 Hz, even in fish with a deactivated lateral line. Although the ABR method is widely applied in fish auditory study, hearing thresholds are apparently affected by particle motion. 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACT: Recently, the non-invasive auditory brainstem response (ABR) technique has been applied to the determination of hearing sensitivity in fish. The technique has some advantages over, and methodological differences from, the classical techniques. The auditory thresholds of common carp were measured by the ABR technique. The classical method was applied to measure cardiac response by electrocardiogram (ECG) after conditioning with electric shock. The most sensitive frequency obtained by ABR was 505 Hz, and by ECG, 1000 Hz. The shapes of the audiogram obtained by ABR and ECG were similar, though threshold levels in both audiograms differed from each other. Furthermore, audiograms obtained by using behavioral techniques were compared with those taken by the ABR and ECG techniques to assess the validity of the ABR technique for testing fish hearing sensitivity. The measured threshold levels increased in the order of behavioral, ABR, and ECG techniques, in the range below 1000 Hz. 相似文献
3.
ABSTRACT: The auditory characteristics of pelagic fish have received lessattention compared to those of benthic or freshwater fish species,even though underwater sounds are considered to affect their behavior.Audiograms of five spotlined sardines were obtained using the auditorybrainstem response technique in which the evoked potential on theskin covering the head of the fish was measured. The auditory brainstemresponse is a non-invasive electrophysiological method that enablesthe auditory threshold level of fragile species, such as spotlinedsardines, to be measured. The gas bladder of the spotlined sardinehas been considered as possibly contributing to an enhancement intheir hearing. In the test, the sound absorption profile of sardineswas also measured. The frequency at the lowest auditory thresholdlevel (i.e. the most sensitive frequency) and absorption were foundat 1024 Hz and 1040 Hz, respectively. The spotlinedsardine was found to be sensitive to sounds at relatively higherfrequency ranges compared to other seawater fishes and the gas bladderis seen to play a significant role in detecting sound. 相似文献
4.
5.
In this study, the auditory thresholds for juvenile Japanese sand lance Ammodytes personatus were measured based on its auditory brainstem response (ABR). The amplitude of the ABR waveforms to a sound stimulus were
larger than that of the electric background noise caused by general brainwaves and myogenic signals after the averaging procedure.
Japanese sand lance responded to low frequency sounds between 128 Hz and 512 Hz with a sound pressure level of 115–125 dB.
As the test frequency decreased, so did the auditory threshold level, and the level was about 116 dB at 128 Hz and 181 Hz.
These results indicate that Japanese sand lance can detect low frequency sound but are less sensitive than other fish species.
These high thresholds are probably caused by the lack of a swim bladder. 相似文献
6.
The design and operation of aquaculture tanks should minimize stagnant areas especially in the immediate vicinity of the fish. In tanks with pelagic fish, mixing caused by the water flow and by fish swimming is sufficient to maintain dissolved oxygen and metabolite concentrations in the immediate vicinity of the fish that are similar to those in the main water body. Given the behavior of sedentary benthic species, such as the California halibut (Paralichthys californicus), and their tendency to remain motionless on the bottom of aquaculture tanks, often in layers that are several fish deep, water quality may stratify with the worse conditions occurring in the area where they fish are lying. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence that California halibut (450 g average weight) may have on the vertical profile of oxygen concentration in a raceway (239 cm long, 28 cm wide) and a circular tank (92 cm diameter) operated at two water depths (10 and 20 cm). Oxygen was measured at each centimeter of the vertical profile both in an area with fish and without fish to assess their influence.
Results showed a lower oxygen concentration in the near-bottom region of the raceway and circular tanks. The phenomenon was most pronounced in the raceway operated at a 20 cm depth, but was also observed in the circular tank operated at 20 cm and in the raceway at 10 cm.
Measurements were also taken in samples collected just in front of or directly from a fish's mouth. A zone of depressed oxygen concentration in the immediate vicinity of the fish was documented, with oxygen concentrations as low as 50% of the measured tank effluent concentration. The magnitude of the depression was greater in raceways than in circular tanks and in 20 cm water depth than in 10 cm depth. The fish remained sedentary in these zones of depressed oxygen concentration for extended periods of time and frequently exhibited hyperventilation. The oxygen concentrations in the vicinity of the fish were consistently lower than the concentrations measured in the tank effluent. Therefore, effluent measurements did not provide an accurate representation of conditions to which the fish were exposed. 相似文献
7.
Jun Shoji Kazutaka Sakiyama Masakazu Hori Goro Yoshida Masami Hamaguchi 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(6):1281-1285
ABSTRACT: Predation experiments were conducted in mesocosms to test the hypothesis that habitat complexity affects vulnerability of red sea bream Pagrus major juveniles to piscivorous fish predators. Juvenile behavior was video-recorded for 6 h in two structurally different habitats: vegetated with sea grass Zostera marina , and unvegetated 0.5-t tanks. Association behavior with seagrass was observed in the vegetated tank throughout the trials. Predation experiments were conducted with 30 red sea bream juveniles (29.9 mm body length) exposed to two individuals of the piscivorous fish predator Chinese sea bass Lateolabrax sp. (261.6 mm), for 6 h in 1.0-t tanks. Predation rate (no. of fish predated on per predator per h) was significantly lower in the vegetated tank (0.02/predator per h) than in the unvegetated tank (0.27/predator per h). Present experiments indicate that habitat complexity reduces vulnerability of juvenile red sea bream to predation by piscivorous fish by serving as physical and/or visual barriers and limiting the predator's ability to pursue and capture prey. Seagrass beds in the shallow coastal waters around Japan are suggested to be an important nursery for red sea bream since they provide the juveniles with habitat complexity as well as serve as a feeding ground. 相似文献
8.
Jason Clingerman Julie Bebak Patricia M. Mazik Steven T. Summerfelt 《Aquacultural Engineering》2007,37(3):234-251
Convenient, economical, and reduced labor fish harvest and transfer systems are required to realize operating cost savings that can be achieved with the use of much larger and deeper circular culture tanks. To achieve these goals, we developed a new technology for transferring fish based on their avoidance behavior to elevated concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2). We observed this behavioral response during controlled, replicated experiments that showed dissolved CO2 concentrations of 60–120 mg/L induced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to swim out of their 11 m3 “growout” tank, through a transfer pipe carrying a flow with ≤23 mg/L dissolved CO2, into a second 11 m3 “harvest” tank. The research was conducted using separate groups of rainbow trout held at commercially relevant densities (40–60 kg/m3). The average weight of fish ranged from 0.15 to 1.3 kg during the various trials. In all trials that used a constant flow of low CO2 water (≤23 mg/L) entering the growout tank from the harvest tank, approximately 80–90% of the fish swam from the growout tank, through the transfer pipe, and into the harvest tank after the CO2 concentration in the growout tank had exceeded 60 mg/L. The fish that remained in the growout tank stayed within the area of relatively low CO2 water at the entrance of the transfer pipe. However, the rate of fish transfer from the growout tank to the harvest tank was more than doubled when the diameter of the transfer pipe was increased from 203 to 406 mm. To consistently achieve fish transfer efficiencies of 99%, water flow rate through the fish transfer pipe had to be reduced to 10–20% of the original flow just before the conclusion of each trial. Reducing the flow of relatively low CO2 water near the end of each fish transfer event, restricted the zone of relatively low CO2 water about the entrance of the fish transfer pipe, and provided the stimulus for all but a few remaining fish to swim out of the growout tank. Results indicate that the CO2 avoidance technique can provide a convenient, efficient, more economical, and reduced labor approach for fish transfer, especially in applications using large and well mixed circular culture tanks. 相似文献
9.
On amphidromy, a distinct form of diadromy in aquatic organisms 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
R M McDowall 《Fish and Fisheries》2007,8(1):1-13
Amphidromy is a distinctive form of diadromy that involves some fish, decapod crustaceans and gastropod molluscs. Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well‐grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there. This life‐history strategy is observed in numerous fish species, primarily in islands of the tropics and subtropics (probably more than 75 species, especially sicydiine gobies), and extends to temperate countries as far as Japan in the north and New Zealand in the south. There has been considerable confusion about the nature of amphidromy and its distinctiveness from anadromy, another category of diadromy. The return to freshwater of small juveniles of amphidromous fishes is functionally and strategically different from the return of large mature adults, as happens in anadromy. The strategy is recognized as distinctive by numerous fish biologists who work with amphidromous fishes, although it has tended to be rejected or ignored by others, typically those who have no personal experience with them. 相似文献
10.
水温是影响鱼类生命活动的重要生态学因子。综述水温对淡水温水性鱼类的影响,为鱼类资源的增殖和水体生物多样性保护提供参考。从繁殖、摄食生长、代谢速率、临界游泳能力、免疫功能5方面的鱼类生命活动进行综述,其中,水温对鱼类的繁殖和生长影响最大,当水温适宜时,多数淡水温水性鱼类的各项生理活动都能正常进行;但当水温超过临界温度时会导致机体内代谢紊乱、活动能力降低、甚至造成鱼类死亡,最终引起鱼类种群结构和数量分布的显著变化。鱼类的临界游泳能力和高强度运动之后的重复运动能力也会受到水温的影响;鱼类免疫应答受水温影响较大,水温严重不适会导致免疫防御机制紊乱。水温只是影响鱼类生存的生态因子之一,但在航道建设、河流生态修复、鱼类资源评估以及水生态系统保护过程中均占据不容忽视的地位。在河流开发以及水文调节过程中,要最大限度降低其对水温生态因子的影响。 相似文献
11.
胭脂鱼听觉阈值研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用听性脑干反应技术, 研究了胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)的听觉阈值。通过插入皮下的电极记录了10尾胭脂鱼的短纯音听觉诱发电位。结果显示, 在系统最大声强下, 胭脂鱼的听频范围为100~5 000 Hz, 其中对100~2 000 Hz的声音敏感度较高, 最敏感的频率为800 Hz, 听觉阈值约为69.8 dB。随着声强的减小, 胭脂鱼的听性脑干反应波形最大, 振幅减小, 潜伏期延长。将10尾胭脂鱼的阈值平均, 得到了胭脂鱼的听性脑干反应听力图。胭脂鱼的听力图呈“U”形, 属于典型的动物听力曲线。研究胭脂鱼的听觉阈值对胭脂鱼物种保护具有重要意义, 同时可为评估噪声对胭脂鱼的影响提供数据支持。
12.
Raúl Laiz-Carrin Susana Sangiao-Alvarellos Jos M. Guzmn María P. Martín del Río Jos L. Soengas Juan M. Mancera 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,250(3-4):849-861
The influence of three different environmental salinities (seawater, SW: 38 ppt salinity; brackish water, BW: 12 ppt; and low salinity water, LSW: 6 ppt salinity) on the growth, osmoregulation and metabolism of young gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) was studied over a period of 100 days. 480 inmature fish (20 g mean body weight) were randomly divided into six tanks of 2500 l (80 fish per tank) and maintained under three different salinities (38 ppt, 12 ppt and 6 ppt) in an open system. Every three weeks, 10 fish from each tank were anesthetized, weighed and lenghed. At the end of experiment, 10 fish from each tank were anesthetized, weighed and sampled for plasma, brain, gill and liver. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, plasma osmolality, ions (sodium and chloride), glucose, lactate, protein and triglyceride, and hepatosomatic index were examined. In addition, levels of glycogen, lactate, ATP and activities of potential regulatory enzymes (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen phosphorylase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were assesed in liver, brain, and gill. BW-acclimated fish showed a better growth with respect to SW- or LSW-acclimated fish (12 > 38 > 6 ppt). The same relationship was observed for weight gain and specific growth rate. Osmoregulatory parameters in plasma (osmolality, Na+ and Cl− levels) were similar in SW- and BW-acclimated fish but significantly higher than those of LSW-acclimated fish. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity showed lower values in intermediate salinity (6 > 38 > 12 ppt). No changes were observed in metabolic parameters analyzed in plasma, whereas only minor changes were observed in metabolic parameters of liver, gills and brain that could be correlated with the higher growth rates observed in fish acclimated to BW, which do not allow us to attribute the best growth rate observed at 12 ppt to lower metabolic rates in that salinity. 相似文献
13.
明晰鱼卵运动规律是鱼类产卵场位置推算、水库生态调度和鱼类资源保护等研究的基础。尤其是对于产漂流性卵鱼类,当流水环境不足以维持鱼卵漂流时,鱼卵便下沉死亡而无法孵化成幼鱼。对照中国内陆鱼类名录,查阅了国内重要流域及地方鱼类志中有关产漂流性卵鱼类的繁殖条件,列举了典型产漂流性卵鱼类产卵水温、产卵月份和孵化时长等相关信息。针对现有鱼类志中对于鱼卵基本物理性质及鱼卵安全漂流孵化所需水动力条件几乎没有记载的情况,补充查阅了国内外相关文献,总结梳理了漂流性鱼卵安全漂流水动力条件的研究进展。一种观点认为鱼卵在水体中是否能安全漂流取决于水体的流速,另一种观点认为控制漂流性鱼卵悬浮或下沉的关键参数是湍流或剪切速度,而不是水流的线速度。现有漂流性鱼卵漂流的关键水动力条件和阈值尚有争议,仍需对鱼卵运动规律进行机理实验研究。在此基础上,总结梳理了目前国内外对鱼卵在水中漂流输移的研究方法和手段,主要是通过野外观测、室内实验和模型模拟三种方式进行。以上研究极大推进了对鱼卵运动机制的理解,但大多数研究都仅仅针对鱼卵运动规律本身进行单一的实验或模型研究,而对于如何通过水利工程生态调度创造满足漂流性鱼卵孵化所需的流水环境,提出水利水电工程生态环境效应多维调控方法是未来产漂流性卵鱼类保护研究的重要方向。 相似文献
14.
为了解舟山群岛外海域鱼类资源状况,于2018年4月(春季)和10月(秋季)在舟山群岛外海域进行的渔业资源调查,用得到的数据分析了鱼类种类组成、优势种、群落结构及生物多样性。结果显示:(1)舟山群岛外海域鱼类有106种,隶属于12目47科80属;(2)本次调查鱼类种类数春季为63种,秋季为85种,总体与历史调查结果相比春季明显减少,而秋季却略有增加;(3)2个季节的鱼类优势种更替明显,春季优势种为黄鮟、日本红娘鱼和细条天竺鲷,秋季优势种为细条天竺鲷和日本发光鲷;(4)鱼类生物多样性指数值为秋季大于春季,春、秋季均匀度指数(J')对比多样性指数(H')和丰富度指数(D)都较小,且春、秋季生物多样性指数值基本都是随着水深的增加而增加,均以80 m以上水深区间较高;(5)通过聚类分析与非度量多维标度排序分析可得,春季在35%的相似水平上分为3个群落,秋季在45%相似水平上分为2个群落,秋季物种相似度比春季高,春季在生物量和丰度水平上均比秋季低。研究表明,舟山群岛外海域的春季鱼类群落结构可能处于未受干扰状态,秋季鱼类群落结构可能处于严重干扰状态。 相似文献
15.
Ancestry and amphidromy in island freshwater fish faunas 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
R M McDowall 《Fish and Fisheries》2004,5(1):75-85
Amphidromy is a frequent attribute of fish faunas of remote islands, where the presence of freshwater fishes creates perplexity as to how such remote places came to have ‘freshwater fish’. Not infrequently, the fact that amphidromous species spend part of their lives in the sea is invoked as indicating that such species have marine ancestries, and this is the implied explanation for presence of freshwater fishes on islands. However, examination of the ranges of some amphidromous species, and of the distributions of genera to which amphidromous fishes belong, strongly suggests that amphidromy, especially in the gobies of the subfamily Sicydiinae, is a widespread, probably ancestral trait. Rather than such amphidromous fish having a marine ancestry, their marine life stages are themselves the likely key element in explaining their distributions. 相似文献
16.
《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,251(2-4):314-323
A challenge for the aquaculture community has long been the development of harmless techniques for monitoring fish in a tank. Acoustic telemetry has been used to monitor fish swimming behavior, and passive acoustics have been used to monitor fish feeding, but new techniques are needed to monitor non-invasively their numbers and growth rates. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the acoustical total scattering cross section of fish swimming in a tank can be measured from multiple reverberation time series. These measurements have been used successfully to estimate the number of fish in a tank in laboratory conditions, and to characterize their acoustical signatures. Here, we introduce a novel method for acoustically monitoring fish numerical density and behavior, and measuring their growth rates over long periods of time. These measurements can be performed remotely, without human interaction with the fish, and are harmless. To demonstrate the efficiency of these techniques, the number of sea bass, as well as the behaviors of sardines, rockfish and sea bass, in different tanks were monitored. Also, the growth rates of a group of starved sardines and a group of fed sardines were measured acoustically, over 1 month. For comparison, their average weight was measured once per week. 相似文献
17.
Hiroaki Tsutsumi Sarawut Srithongouthal Akihiro Inoue Ayako Sato Daigo Hama 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(1):119-127
ABSTRACT: Fish farming using net pens consumes large amounts of food for the reared fish, resulting in organic enrichment of the sediment below the fish farm from organic discharge in the forms of fish feces and food residues. Sediment traps were set at a net pen within and outside a fish farm, and organic flux on the sea floor was compared. The year-mean organic flux to the sea floor caused by fish farming from September 2003 to September 2004 was estimated at 2.11 gC/m2 /day in total organic carbon (TOC) and 0.26 gN/m2 /day in total nitrogen (TN), which were 2.5 times (TOC flux) and 2.2 times (TN flux) larger than that for natural organic flux outside the fish farm. The seasonal fluctuation patterns of organic flux to the sea floor below the fish farm did not necessarily coincide with those for the amount of food spent for the fish farming. The largest organic flux to the sea floor occurred in the autumn, when the vertical mixing of the water had just started. Therefore, organic enrichment of the sediment on the sea floor of a fish farm proceeded during this season. 相似文献
18.
舟山崎头洋海域春秋季鱼类种类组成及数量分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究利用2012年5月（春季）、10月（秋季）2个季度月的单船底拖网渔获的鱼类样品,对舟山渔场崎头洋海域鱼类种类组成、区系特点及数量分布等进行了研究。结果如下：（1）共获得鱼类50种,隶属于11目27科,以石首鱼科和缎虎鱼科的种类最多,各有7种,分别占总种数的14．0％;（2）根据适温性可将其划分为暖水性和暖温性2种适温类型,以暖温性为主,有36种,占鱼类总种数的72．0％;（3）春季主要集中在舟山本岛一小干岛海域,而秋季则集中在舟山本岛一小干岛海域以及穿山半岛一六横岛西南海域;（4）春季优势种有六丝矛尾锻虎鱼Chaeturichthys hexanema、带鱼Trichiurus haumela、鲈鱼Lateolabrax japonicus、棘头梅童鱼Collichthys lucidus、龙头鱼Harpodon nehereus等5种,而秋季优势种仅龙头鱼1种;（5）通过分析优势种的种群组成和底层温盐数据,发现该海域在春季可能为带鱼、棘头梅童鱼和鲈鱼等幼鱼的索饵场。 相似文献
19.
Hua Wang Chang-Fa Liu Chuan-Xin Qin Shu-Qing Cao Jun Ding 《Aquacultural Engineering》2007,36(3):217-224
A simple indoor recirculating system for production of juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) was operated on a commercial scale for 90 days during winter. The system consists of three 70 m3 sea cucumber rearing tanks and one biofilter tank where macroalgae (Ulva pertusa) was used as a biofilter in order to reduce water requirements. Effluent from the sea cucumber tanks drained into the macroalgae biofilter tank and were then returned to the sea cucumber tanks by a discontinuous-flow recirculation system. Survival and growth rates in the sea cucumber culture tanks were similar to those in the control tank (with one water exchange per day). The survival rate averaged about 87%. The average body weight increased from 3.5 ± 0.3 g to 8.1 ± 0.8 g and total sea cucumber biomass production over the experimental period was 745 g m−2 after initial stocking densities of 375 g m−2. The growth rate of U. pertusa was 3.3% day−1. U. pertusa was efficient in removing toxic ammonia and in maintaining the water quality within acceptable levels for sea cucumber culture; there were only small daily variations of temperature, pH and DO. The U. pertusa tank removed 68% of the TAN (total ammonia-nitrogen) and 26% of the orthophosphate from the sea cucumber culture effluent; the macroalgae biofilter removed ammonia at an average rate of 0.459 g N m−2 day−1. It would be efficient to use the U. pertusa biofilter in a recirculating system for production of A. japonicus juveniles in winter. 相似文献
20.
《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1-2):165-175
ABSTRACT Aquaculture of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, started in the middle 1970s in Japan, and the commercial production became extensive in the early 1980s, with development of seedling production and farming techniques. Annual production in 1996 was 7,692 metric tons, ranked fourth among marine cultured finfish after yellow-tail, red sea bream, and coho salmon. Marine finfish aquaculture in Japan is mostly conducted in floating net cages; however, land-based culture tanks are the prevalent culture system for Japanese flounder. The tanks are circular, square, or octagonal and constructed of various materials: concrete, plastic and/or a combination of the two. Culture tanks are generally inside or covered with shade cloths. Sand-filtered sea water is continually supplied to each tank, with 12 to 24 exchanges daily. Three-gram fish are stocked in the culture tank and raised for 1 to 2 years until they grow to 500-1,000 g. Survival ranges from 60 to 80%. Sardines and sand lance, fresh or frozen, are mainly fed; however, use of moist or dry pellets are increasing recently because of the decline in catch of these fishes. Fingerlings are obtained from commercial hatcheries virtually year-round. The fish utilize almost no dietary carbohydrate as an energy source, and an increase of lipid in the diet did not improve the growth, although it did seem to produce a slight increase in protein efficiency ratio. Therefore, diet for Japanese flounder should contain high percentages of protein (fish meal). Finding alternative protein sources for fish meal in the diet has been researched, and the potential of defatted soybean, corn gluten, feather, meat, and meat bone meals have been examined. The optimum temperature for the growth is 20-25°C. Salinity range of 4.4 to 34.0 ppt did not affect the growth of Japanese flounder at 8 g initial body weight. 相似文献