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根瘤菌结瘤基因的表达调控研究概况 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根瘤菌结瘤基因的表达调控在根瘤菌与植物的共生结瘤过程中起着十分重要的作用。随着研究的深入,发现根瘤菌的结瘤过程不仅与根瘤菌结瘤基因表达调控有关,而且与寄主植物的信号分子如黄酮类物质有关。根瘤菌结瘤基因的表达调控有一个复杂的过程,本文将简要地介绍这方面的研究成果。 相似文献
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在许多种类的细菌中均发现了luxR/luxI类型的群体感应调控系统,其中luxR是调节基因,对luxI合成自体诱导物(AI,autoinducer)起着正调控作用。通过建库筛选后,测序比对发现天山根瘤菌中存在mrtR/mrtI系统。通过基因敲除和转录水平基因表达对mrtR进行研究,发现mrtR严格调控着mrtI的表达,同时mrtR的表达也受到AI影响,这表明mrtR表达的调控是一种自调控,同时根毛吸附实验显示该基因对根瘤菌与宿主间相互作用密切相关。 相似文献
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根瘤菌的结瘤基因与竞争结瘤基因在根瘤菌与结瘤的过程中起着关键的作用。随着研究的深入,已经发现,分离和定位了数十个结瘤基因和几个与竞争结瘤有关的基因,本文将简要地介绍了这方面的研究成果。 相似文献
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根瘤菌可以和豆科植物共生固氮,在很多根瘤菌中群体感应系统参与了结瘤固氮等相关生理过程的调节。本研究从野外不同生境紫云英宿主根部瘤体中分离了26株根瘤菌,体外定量检测了各菌株产生自体诱导物(AI)信号分子的能力,以及不同菌株AI激活中慢生华癸根瘤菌Mh菌株AHLs合成酶基因mrh I表达的情况,发现紫云英根瘤菌种内不同菌株间存在群体感应交互性。通过导入外源Att M水解酶观察菌株AI活性的变化,应用薄层层析法定性分析不同菌株的AI结构,初步揭示了不同紫云英根瘤菌产生AI特性的差异和多样性。 相似文献
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克隆了中慢生华癸根瘤菌(Mesorhizobium huakuii)的mrh I和mrh R群体感应基因的启动子区域,至Lac Z翻译融合表达质粒载体p RA302中,经β-半乳糖苷酶活性检测发现,mrh I和mrh R的表达均受mrh I基因产物(自体诱导物)的正向调控。两种PTS糖类:葡萄糖和果糖的外源添加可以显著增加细菌的生长量,但却都同时抑制了mrh I和mrh R基因的表达,暗示在中慢生华癸根瘤菌中群体感应基因的表达可能受细菌中普遍存在的碳源代谢物阻遏现象的调节。 相似文献
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生物膜修复技术凭借其高效性、安全性和经济性，已被广泛应用于土壤中难降解污染物的去除。其中，群体感应效应在生物膜修复过程中起着至关重要的作用。群体感应是微生物普遍存在的细胞间通讯形式，有助于生物膜内不同细菌种内/种间的信息交流，使微生物能够在“群体水平”上相互协作，能够调控生物膜胞外聚合物的生成以及对污染物的吸附固定与降解。本文在简要介绍生物膜和群体感应的功能和作用基础上，结合近年来群体感应调控生物膜形成以及对污染物的降解基础上，综述了群体感应在生物膜修复技术中的应用，最后对生物膜群体感应系统在污染土壤修复中的工程化设计进行了展望。 相似文献
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茄二十八星瓢虫对雷公藤和曼陀罗提取物的敏感性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究寄主植物对茄二十八星瓢虫药剂敏感性及体内酶活力的影响,采用浸渍法分别测定了取食茄子、马铃薯、番茄和龙葵的茄二十八星瓢虫幼虫(以下简称幼虫)对雷公藤和曼陀罗提取物的敏感性,用生化方法测定了雷公藤和曼陀罗提取物对幼虫体内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和主要解毒酶活性的影响。结果表明,雷公藤提取物对取食茄子、马铃薯、番茄和龙葵的幼虫LC50值分别为1.407 9 mg.L-1、1.595 8 mg.L-1、1.464 7 mg.L-1和1.109 7 mg.L-1,相对毒力指数为78.82、69.54、75.76和100;曼陀罗提取物对取食茄子、马铃薯、番茄和龙葵的幼虫LC50值分别为0.641 7 mg.L-1、0.610 3 mg.L-1、0.758 0 mg.L-1和0.488 3 mg.L-1,相对毒力指数为76.09、80.01、64.42和100;取食龙葵的幼虫对2种植物提取物的敏感性显著高于取食茄子、马铃薯和番茄的幼虫。取食4种寄主植物的幼虫体内靶标酶AChE和主要解毒酶谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)、多功能氧化酶(MFO)活力顺序均为茄子>马铃薯>番茄>龙葵。其中,取食番茄和龙葵的幼虫体内AChE和GST活力显著低于取食茄子和马铃薯的幼虫,取食马铃薯、番茄和龙葵的幼虫CarE活力显著低于取食茄子的幼虫,取食4种寄主植物的幼虫MFO活力差异达极显著水平。雷公藤和曼陀罗提取物对幼虫体内AChE和GST、CarE和MFO活性均有抑制作用。其中,对取食马铃薯幼虫的AChE活力抑制作用最强,其次为取食茄子和番茄的幼虫,对取食龙葵的幼虫抑制作用最低。雷公藤和曼陀罗提取物对取食龙葵幼虫CarE活力的抑制作用最强,而对取食马铃薯的幼虫MFO活力的抑制作用最强。寄主植物中的次生物质对解毒酶的诱导或抑制可能是引起药剂敏感性差异的主要原因。 相似文献
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Christ‘s thorn (Ziziphus spina-christi L. Desf.) is ecologically and economically important in Iran. Since it is a crosspollinated plant with a wide range of genetic variability, an investigation was carried out to determine the best method for mass and clonal propagation. Three vegetative methods were examined, including 1) cutting, where shoots with a 22-25 cm length and three shoot diameters were treated with two culture media; 2) layering, where air layering and trench layering treatments consisted of three growth regulators at three levels of concentration; and 3) tissue culture with nodal segments bearing axillary buds that were removed from shoots of mature trees at different seasons. Several experiments were carried out to determine the best disinfectant chemical, the best culture method, the best season, the appropriate explant characteristics and media type. Rooting was successful only on the sandy beds for cuttings with more than 8.0 mm diameter. For the trench layering method, only one specimen in one replicate rooted a very small root, while for the air layering method, only seedlings with growth regulator treatments rooted successfully. The best season for explant harvesting was determined as mid summer, and among the disinfecting treatments, Ca(OCI)2 at a concentration of 0.5g kg^-1 for 20 minutes was the best. There were no significant differences for shoot weight and length with a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with and without a hormone. 相似文献
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采用悉生培养系统,研究不同浓度菲对秀丽隐杆线虫、拟丽突属与中杆属线虫的毒性效应,以及3种线虫对菲的去除作用。结果表明:(1)随着菲浓度的增加,3种线虫存活率逐渐降低。秀丽隐杆线虫在不添加菲的处理中,48 h内出现繁殖,而在添加菲的处理中,即使在最低浓度5 mg/L下,繁殖现象也会消失。中杆属与拟丽突属线虫由于世代时间较长,在本试验周期内均未出现繁殖现象。(2)暴露24 h时,比较不同浓度菲处理下线虫的相对死亡率,得到3种线虫的耐性依次为中杆属线虫≥秀丽隐杆线虫≥拟丽突属线虫,且随菲浓度的增加,秀丽隐杆线虫耐性水平逐渐降低;暴露48 h时中杆属线虫耐性依旧高于拟丽突属,而72 h时中杆属与拟丽突属线虫的耐性趋于一致。(3)3种线虫受菲胁迫后均失去头部正常摆动能力,且秀丽隐杆线虫与拟丽突属线虫体长随菲浓度的增加而逐渐降低。(4)不同种类线虫的添加均能促进菲的去除,不同线虫之间无显著差异。因此,菲会显著抑制3种线虫的存活率和生长发育,抑制秀丽隐杆线虫的繁殖。线虫的存活率受线虫种类、暴露时间、菲浓度及其交互作用的影响显著,其中中杆属线虫对菲的综合耐性最强,3种线虫均能促进溶液中菲的去除。 相似文献
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玫烟色拟青霉对小菜蛾幼虫的侵染过程及接菌方法对其致病力的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用扫描电镜观察玫烟色拟青霉(Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)分生孢子在小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)幼虫体表的萌发和侵染过程及玫烟色拟青霉孢子粉、孢子悬浮液和孢子培养液对小菜蛾幼虫的致病力.结果表明:小菜蛾幼虫体表嵴状突起结构区附着的孢子较多, 刺状突起结构区附着的孢子较少;刺状突起结构区附着的孢子萌发较早, 多数孢子在接菌后16 h开始萌发, 而嵴状突起结构区附着的孢子多数在20 h开始萌发, 在平缓结构区孢子萌发最迟.在嵴状突起结构区和刺状突起结构区, 多数孢子萌发后产生芽管, 直接以芽管侵入幼虫体壁, 少数形成附着胞侵染寄主.此外玫烟色拟青霉3种不同接菌方法对小菜蛾幼虫的侵染速率和致病力大小明显不同, 其中孢子培养液比孢子悬浮液和孢子粉对小菜蛾幼虫的侵染速率快, 接菌44 h虫体表现出明显的感病症状, 致死中时为3.18 d;孢子悬浮液和孢子粉处理的小菜蛾幼虫, 60 h虫体出现感病症状, 致死中时分别为4.20 d和4.34 d;而且致病力大小也存在明显差异, 接孢子粉的处理明显高于孢子悬浮液和孢子培养液, 小菜蛾幼虫6 d的死亡率达76.2%, 而其他两种处理小菜蛾幼虫6 d的死亡率仅为59.8%和58.5%.本研究结果表明, 小菜蛾幼虫的体表结构影响玫烟色拟青霉孢子在寄主体表的附着、萌发和侵入, 玫烟色拟青霉孢子粉对小菜蛾幼虫的致病力最强, 明显高于孢子悬浮液和孢子培养液. 相似文献
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酸枣荆条耗水特征及其茎木质部解剖构造 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究酸枣和荆条耗水特征与其茎木质部解剖构造之间的关系,为中国北方干旱区造林树种的选择提供技术支持。[方法]采用热扩散式液流探针(TDP)法对酸枣和荆条的树干液流进行监测,并于监测完成后,采用切片法,观察其茎木质部解剖构造。[结果](1)不同季节2树种的耗水特征存在差异,与湿润季节相比,干旱季节两树种树干液流变化均具有较强的波动性,其日均液流速度和日均耗水量均较小;2树种相比,干旱季节时酸枣的最大液流速度、日均液流速度以及日均耗水量均显著大于荆条,而湿润季节与之相反。(2)就其茎木质部解剖构造而言,酸枣的导管形状大小比较均一,而荆条的导管形状大小参差不齐;酸枣的导管直径、长度、面积平均值及边材相对输导面积均小于荆条,而其导管密度大于荆条。(3)酸枣的相对输导率和脆性指数均小于荆条,说明酸枣的水分输导的有效性小于荆条,而其安全性和抗旱性大于荆条;另外,在湿润季节,二者的耗水特征主要取决于其水分输导的有效性,而在干旱季节,主要取决于其安全性和抗旱性,进而阐明了二者在不同季节表现出不同耗水差异的原因。[结论]与荆条相比,酸枣的茎解剖构造更有利于其在干旱季节维持较高的树干液流,进而得以正常的生长,因此更适合于干旱区造林。 相似文献
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Hédia Hannachi Hilary Sommerlatte Catherine Breton Monji Msallem Mohamed El Gazzah Salem Ben El Hadj André Bervillé 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(3):393-403
The olive belongs to Olea, a complex genus and to a species with six subspecies. Subsp. europaea includes both the cultivated olive and the oleaster, the wild ancestor of the olive. Little is known on the phenotype of
fruits from subsp. cuspidata. We aimed to compare europaea and cuspidata trees for oil content and composition and to verify whether natural hybrids may exist between the two subspecies. Specimens
were from Kenya and putative natural hybrids between cuspidata and europaea were from Stellenbosch (South Africa). Cultivar and oleaster trees were sampled in France (continental and Corsica), Italy
(Continental and Sardinia) and Tunisia. We have examined the fruit (drupe) structure between subsp. cuspidata and europaea and extracted oil from the pulp, seed and total drupe. Comparison for oil content was made between the cultivated olive and
the oleaster and some cuspidata trees from Kenya. A few of cuspidata individuals from Botanical gardens do not enable phenotyping for oil content and composition. Oil composition analyses were
performed for the main fatty acids to compare the three taxa. We used microsatellite markers at 11 loci to compute genetic
distances between cuspidata, oleaster and cultivar trees and to reveal eventual hybrids. The SSR polymorphisms were huge between the two subspecies and
they revealed that putative hybrids were true hybrids sampled around olive orchards. The whole comparison of oil content shows
that olive cultivars display higher oil content than the subsp. cuspidata and that the oleaster trees are intermediate, whereas for oil composition of the drupe, cuspidata from Kenya shows less oleic acid than europaea. However, the cuspidata trees show seed oil composition similarities with the other two taxa. The discussion deals with possible reasons to explain
the differences and of the possible uses of these taxa for breeding both the olive and brown olive.
H. Hannachi and H. Sommerlatte have equal contribution in the article. 相似文献
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Nonpathogenic binucleate Rhizoctonia fungi (BNR) controlled black shank caused by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae on greenhouse-grown tobacco seedlings in styrofoam float trays. Three BNR isolates were incorporated into a soil-less mix on colonized, pulverized, sifted rice particles; colonized whole rice grains; or on pelleted tobacco seeds coated with 0.5% methyl cellulose. Five-wk-old seedlings were inoculated with zoospores of P. parasitica var. nicotianae and disease rated over 10 d. The level of protection varied with method of BNR application, ranging from 40 to 70%. Overall, control was better when BNR isolates were applied on rice inocula rather than on BNR-colonized tobacco seeds. From 15% to 80% of individual roots from seedlings grown in soil-less mix amended with BNR-colonized rice grains were colonized while only 0–20% of roots from seedlings grown from BNR-colonized tobacco seeds were colonized. Likewise, 37–100% of soil-less mix amended with BNR-colonized rice grains contained BNR's while less than 3% of soil-less mix was colonized when seedlings emerged from BNR-colonized tobacco seeds. This is the first demonstration of biocontrol of Phytophthora by BNR fungi. 相似文献
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[目的]研究土壤含水率、根系面积比对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)和通奶草(Euphorbia hypericifolia)根系固土效果影响及根土间作用机理,为矿山生态修复中植物种类的选取,土壤含水率的控制提供科学依据。[方法]以辽宁省阜新市海州露天矿边坡野生紫花苜蓿、通奶草为研究对象。开展植物根系拉伸试验,确定根系抗拉特性。开展根土复合体剪切试验,确定2种植物根系最适宜含水率。在最优含水率基础上开展根土复合体剪切优化试验,确定最佳固土效率根系面积比。[结果](1)2种植物根系抗拉力随根径呈幂函数增加,抗拉强度随根径呈幂函数减小。(2)素土和2种根土复合体黏聚力随含水率增加呈先增加后减小趋势,内摩擦角随含水率增加呈减小趋势;(3)紫花苜蓿根系、通奶草根系在含水率分别为25%和21%时,固土效果最佳。(4)在最优含水率下,紫花苜蓿、通奶草根系面积比分别为0.04%和0.08%时,固土效果最佳。[结论]通奶草根系的形态学效应和力学效应使其成为较紫花苜蓿根系具有更佳固土效果的优势物种。 相似文献