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1.
为研究鸭病毒性肠炎病毒(DEV)CH强毒株在感染鸭体内的分布和形态学发生规律，应用透射电镜和超薄切片技术对人工感染DEV的成年鸭各组织器官进行观察。结果表明：感染后12h在脾脏和法氏囊首先观察到少量的DEV出现，24h后在脾、胸腺和法氏囊以及死亡鸭的肝、肠和胰中均观察到具有典型的疱疹病毒粒子及其核衣壳形态的DEV。DEV病毒核衣壳有空心型、致密核心型、双环型和内壁附有颗粒型4种形态，存在胞核和胞浆两种装配方式。病毒成熟有两种方式：一为细胞核内核衣壳在核内获得皮层，通过核内膜获得囊膜成为成熟病毒；二为核内核衣壳通过内外核膜进入胞浆，核内和胞浆内的核衣壳在细胞浆中获得皮层，然后在各种质膜上获得囊膜，最后成熟病毒通过细胞破裂或其他方式释放到细胞外。伴随着病毒的复制、装配和成熟，细胞中出现多种核内和胞浆包涵体、核内致密颗粒、核内微管和中空短管、胞浆电子致密小体等结构。 相似文献
2.
鸭病毒性肠炎病毒CH强毒株感染鸭胚成纤维细胞的超微结构观察 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过超薄切片和透射电子显微镜技术对鸭病毒性肠炎病毒（DEV）CH强毒株在鸭胚成纤维细胞（DEF）中的形态结构进行了研究。结果发现，DEVCH强毒株病毒核酸呈圆形颗粒状，直径35～45nm，在胞核内常集中分布；病毒核衣壳呈圆形．直径90～100nm．在胞核和胞浆内都有分布；DEV核衣壳可根据所含核酸形态的差异分为空心核衣壳、内壁附有颗粒型核衣壳、同心圆形核衣壳和实心核衣壳；成熟的病毒粒子具有囊膜和皮层结构．呈圆形．直径150～300nm，存在于胞浆空泡内；DEV可在DEF中分别形成胞浆内和胞核内包涵体结构；伴随子代病毒在细胞内的出现，胞浆内迁出现豆英状、马蹄形、半圆形、圆形、同心圆形等与病毒发生有关的电子致密结构。 相似文献
3.
对猪细小病毒(PPV)、牛疱疹病毒2型(BHV2)和犬腺病毒1型(CAV1)3种动物DNA病毒在宿主细胞内的增殖、释放方式以及所致细胞结构的变化,通过电镜进行了观察比较.(1)这3种动物DNA病毒的复制和装配过程均发生在细胞核内,以毒浆结构(Viroplast)或核内包涵体为增殖场所和物质基础,但并非都形成结晶样结构.(2)有囊膜的BHV2,其核壳体在细胞核内装配完成后,从核内膜上以出芽方式获得囊膜,然后进入核周池,聚集的病毒使核外膜向胞质方向隆起,形成病毒性包涵体而脱离核外膜,并逐渐向细胞膜的方向移动,最后从细胞膜的破损处以病毒包涵体形式释放到细胞间隙.而无囊膜的CAV1,核壳体在细胞核内装配完成后,从细胞核膜破损处或细胞核崩解后进入细胞质,待整个细胞崩解后才能释放出来.无囊膜的PPV,在核壳体装配完成后,成堆地以病毒流的方式,从扩张的核孔释放到细胞质中,待细胞崩解后再释放出来.(3)3种病毒增殖时,宿主细胞的固有细胞器,如线粒体、内质网以及溶酶体等均出现不同程度的超微结构变化,并能诱导宿主细胞出现一些新的结构,除毒浆结构外,还有管状结构、细纤维样结构、周期性结构和髓膜样结构等,其中周期性结构仅见于BHV2感染. 相似文献
4.
Morphologic observations of new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) virulent isolate in infected duck embryo fibroblasts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The morphogenesis of the new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) and the characteristic ultrastructural changes in the duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs) were investigated by ultrathin sectioning and transmission electron microscopy after monolayer DEFs were experimentally infected with a virulent NGVEV strain. The investigation demonstrated that typical NGVEV particles were round, with a diameter ranging from 75 nm to 90 nm and that they were present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the infected DEFs. The mature virions contained nucleocapsids and nucleic acids. The virion penetrated the DEF, replicated, and matured in the nucleus, and they were finally released into the extracellular space via budding and disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane. With the appearance of progeny NGVEV, certain virus-related structures that were densely electron stained, which were circular, U-shaped, or irregular in appearance, could be observed in the cytoplasm of the infected DEFs. In this research, we first detected three types of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies during the NGVEV infection, which always contained a number of NGVEV particles. Furthermore, we detected that NGVEV could induce apoptosis in DEFs, which had not been reported previously. The morphologic changes of apoptosis included shrinking of the apoptotic cells, chromatin condensation and margination, appearance of vacuoles on the cytoplasmic membrane, and the formation of apoptotic bodies. The mitochondria were ultracondensed and aggregated into compact clusters during apoptosis. 相似文献
5.
We studied apoptosis induced by duck enteritis virus (DEV) in vivo, focusing on the lymphoid organs that constitute the main targets for infection: thymus, bursa of Fabricius (BF), and spleen. Fifty Pekin ducks were inoculated subcutaneously with a virulent strain of DEV. The morphology of lymphoid organs of these infected ducks was observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Cell death by classical necrosis was observed in lymphocytes of the DEV-infected thymus, BF, and spleen. Lymphocyte apoptosis also was observed at the same time, and it was further confirmed by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling and agarose gel electrophoresis. We conclude that apoptosis and necrosis of lymphocytes induced by DEV infection resulted in the depletion of lymphocytes and that apoptosis of lymphocytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of duck viral enteritis. 相似文献
6.
鸭病毒性肠炎病毒CH强毒株在鸭胚成纤维细胞中形态发生学的研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
采用超薄切片和透射电子显微镜技术对鸭病毒性肠炎病毒CH强毒株（DEV-CHv）在鸭胚成纤维细胞（DEF）中的形态发生学进行了研究。结果表明，DEV-CHv吸附到DEF细胞上以后通过囊膜和细胞膜间发生融合的方式侵入宿主细胞；病毒在细胞核内完成病毒核酸的生成、核酸与衣壳的装配；病毒核衣壳通过核膜-内质网膜系统从细胞核转运到内质网池中并在内质网池中得到皮层结构；获得了皮层的DEV-CHv核衣壳通过出芽方式释放到细胞空泡内得到囊膜结构后成为成熟病毒；细胞空泡内的成熟DEV-CHv可通过细胞的胞吐作用被释放到细胞外，或在空泡破裂时被释放到细胞外。 相似文献
7.
In situ hybridization was applied to detect fowlpox virus (FPV) DNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of the skin from infected chickens by using a biotinylated probe and a streptavidin-alkalinephosphatase conjugate. The immunohistochemical examination was applied to compare the distribution of the FPV DNA to that of related antigenic protein in serial sections. In the infected epithelial cells, FPV DNA was detected in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and in the rest of cytoplasm. Likewise, immunohistochemical examination revealed the virus antigen in cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, virions were observed in the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, and immature virus particles were in the rest of the cytoplasm. The study proved restricted distribution of FPV DNA in the cytoplasm. 相似文献
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Mettenleiter TC 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,113(3-4):163-169
Herpes virions are complex particles that consist of more than 30 different virally encoded proteins. The molecular basis of how this complicated structure is assembled is only recently beginning to emerge. After replication in the host cell nucleus viral DNA is incorporated into preformed capsids which leave the nucleus by budding at the inner nuclear membrane resulting in the formation of primary enveloped virions in the perinuclear space. The primary envelope then fuses with the outer leaflet of the nuclear membrane, thereby releasing nucleocapsids into the cytoplasm. Final envelopment including the acquisition of more than 15 tegument and more than 10 envelope (glyco)proteins occurs by budding into Golgi-derived vesicles. Mature virions are released after fusion of the vesicle membrane with the plasma membrane of the cell. Thus, herpesvirus morphogenesis requires a sequence of envelopment--de-envelopment--re-envelopment processes which are distinct not only in the subcellular compartments in which they occur but also in the viral proteins involved. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the complex protein-protein interactions involved in herpesvirus assembly and egress. 相似文献
10.
Large numbers of pancake tortoises (Malacochersus tornieri) and Horsfield tortoises (Testudo horsfieldii) in three consignments imported into Japan died soon after arrival. Some tortoises in the first consignment were dead on arrival. Postmortem examination of two of the pancake tortoises and four of the Horsfield tortoises revealed necrotizing lesions of the oral mucosa in both species, primarily in the tongue. Eosinophilic to amphophilic inclusion bodies were visible in the nuclei of mucosal epithelial cells in the lesions. Similar inclusion bodies were observed in the liver, spleen, adrenal glands, stomach, lungs, kidneys, small and large intestines, pancreas, and cerebrum of the pancake tortoises and in the liver, spleen, and pancreas of the Horsfield tortoises. Electron microscopic examination of the cells containing inclusion bodies showed herpesvirus-like particles about 100 nm in diameter in the cytoplasm. Nested polymerase chain reaction analysis using a herpesvirus consensus primer method confirmed the presence of a characteristic herpesvirus base sequence in tissue from these lesions. 相似文献
11.
Charles A Manire Kara A Smolarek Carlos H Romero Michael J Kinsel Tonya M Clauss Lynne Byrd 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(2):174-181
Herpesviruses and herpes-like viruses have been reported in only a small number of species of cetaceans, and, to date, clinical manifestations have been either as a life-threatening, disseminated infection or as a non-life-threatening dermatitis. A stranded juvenile Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, was admitted to the Dolphin and Whale Hospital for rehabilitation. On initial physical examination, the rostral skin had multifocal regions of hyperplasia, and the skin of the dorsum contained a large number of small papules. Histologically, epithelial hyperplasia was evident, and clusters of epithelial cells contained 5-15-microm intranuclear inclusion bodies. Transmission electron microscopic investigation revealed numerous 170-190-nm enveloped virions in both the intracellular spaces and the cytoplasm of epithelial cells, with numerous nucleocapsids noted in epithelial cell nuclei. Consensus primer polymerase chain reaction identified the presence of a novel herpesvirus associated with the lesions. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene fragment showed it to align with alphaherpesvirus sequences from humans and domestic animals. Although clearly distinct, it was most closely related to two previously described alphaherpesviruses of dolphins. This case represents the first documentation of herpesvirus dermatitis in the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin. 相似文献
12.
A virus isolated from a natural outbreak of canarypox was replicated on the chorioallantoic membranes of chicken embryos, and its ultrastructure and development were observed. Electron microscopy of thin sections of pocks produced on the chorioallantoic membranes revealed a variety of developmental forms which appear similar to those demonstrated in studies of vaccinia, ie, viroplasm or viral factories; immature, undifferentiated virions partially enclosed by membranes; completely enclosed nondifferentiated spherical or oval virions; immature virions with discrete nucleoids; and the more compact brick-shaped mature virions. Two types of A-type inclusions were noted: those with virions around the periphery, and those filled with virus particles. The appearance of mature viruses within the inclusion bodies and different stages of viruses outside the inclusion indicate that in a course of development, maturing poxvirus may enter the inclusion bodies as they acquire surface tubules on their envelopes. Mature virions also were seen budding out of the cell membrane, apparently enveloped in a portion of the membrane. Studies showing the entrance of poxvirus into inclusion bodies have not been reported. In this report, electron micrographs are shown of viruses entering inclusion bodies. 相似文献
13.
Deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase) is a ubiquitous and important enzyme that hydrolyzes dUTP to dUMP. Many viruses encode virus-specific dUTPase, which plays an essential role in maintaining the integrity of the viral DNA both by reducing the dUTP levels and by providing the substrate for the thymidylate synthase. A 1344-bp gene of duck enteritis virus (DEV) homologous to herpesviral dUTPase was first reported in this paper. The gene encodes a protein of 477 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 49.7 kDa. Multiple sequence alignment suggested that DEV dUTPase was quite similar to other identified herpesviral dUTPase and functioned as a homotrimer. The five conserved motifs of DEV dUTPase with 3-1-2-4-5 arrangement have been recognized, and the phylogenetic analysis showed that DEV dUTPase was genetically close to the avian herpesvirus. Furthermore, RNA dot blot, western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis indicated that the enzyme was expressed at early and late stages after infection. Immunofluorescence also confirmed that DEV dUTPase localized in the cytoplasm of DEV-infected duck embryo fibroblasts as early as 4 hr postinfection (hpi). Later, the enzyme transferred from cytoplasm to nucleus at 8 hpi, and then reached its expression peak at 12 hpi, both in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The results suggested that the DEV dUTPase gene might be an early viral gene in DEV vitro infection and contribute to ensuring the fidelity of genome replication. 相似文献
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兔出血症病毒在细胞培养和组织中的形态发生 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
在电镜下系统地观察了感染后的细胞培养和组织中兔出血症病毒（ Ｒ Ｈ Ｄ Ｖ）的形态发生。感染早期，在细胞核内可见电子致密颗粒（１５ ｎｍ ）和未成熟的病毒颗粒 （２５ ｎｍ ）。中期，在细胞核和胞浆内出现大量成熟的病毒颗粒（３４ ｎｍ ），并发现部分核内病毒通过扩大的核膜孔、核膜溶解扩大的核孔和乳头状突起的核膜向胞浆释放。感染末期，核染色质消失，核内大量感染病毒清淅可见。最终细胞溶解，病毒颗粒释放至细胞间隙。提示 Ｒ Ｈ Ｄ Ｖ 是在核内复制和装配的，应归属于细小病毒科。本试验结果不排除同时存在另一种小 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 病毒。 相似文献
16.
L B Prasad 《Research in veterinary science》1979,27(1):82-88
Turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and an attenuated Marek's disease virus (MDV) replicated in organ cultures of chick embryo skin as assessed by immunofluorescence and/or electron microscopy. HVT-specific immunofluorescent antigen was detected in the feather follicle epithelium (FFE) and in the surface layer of the skin epidermis. Electron microscopy of infected explants revealed herpes-type cytopathology. Immature particles of both viruses appeared first in the nucleus. Oval or horseshoe-shaped non-enveloped particles of HVT and enveloped virions of MDV were seen in the cytoplasm of some transitional cells. The difference in the ability of HVT and MDV to form an envelope was believed to account for the difference in their transmissibility in chickens. The results indicated that HVT replicated in the FFE and in the epidermis of the skin. However, attempts to localise the site(s) of MDV replication by electron microscopy were unsuccessful. 相似文献
17.
S J Proctor 《American journal of veterinary research》1976,37(4):427-431
White Pekin ducks were inoculated orally with duck plague virus and killed at 24-hour intervals after inoculation. Spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius were collected and examined by light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy. Necrosis of lymphocytes occurred in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (T lymphocytes), and splenic germinal centers (B lymphocytes). Viral nucleocapsids were present in the karyoplasm of lymphocytes, but these cells necrotized before virions were formed. Periarteriolar reticular sheath cells and sinusoidal lining cells in the spleen, epithelial cells in Hassall's corpuscle of the thymus, epithelial cells between the cortex and medulla of the follicles in the bursa of Fabricius, and macrophages in all 3 tissues contained nucleocapsids in the nuclei and virions in cytoplasmic vacuoles before necrosis occurred. 相似文献
18.
Latency sites and reactivation of duck enteritis virus 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
Duck virus enteritis (DVE) is a contagious disease caused by herpesvirus in waterfowl populations. Recovered birds become carriers and shed the virus periodically. Reactivation of latent duck enteritis virus (DEV) has been implicated in outbreaks of DVE in domestic and migrating waterfowl populations. In this study, the sites for virus latency were determined in white Pekin ducks infected with the DEV-97 strain. At 3 wk postinfection, infectious virus was not detectable in tissues or cloacal swabs (CSs). At 7 and 9 weeks postinfection, the viral DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the trigeminal ganglia (TG), suggesting that the virus is latent. Viral DNA was detected in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), spleen, thymus, bursa, and CSs only after in vitro cocultivation. In vivo virus reactivation was demonstrated when dexamethasone or a combination of dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide was inoculated in latently infected ducks. The reactivation of DEV occurred without any clinical evidence of the disease, but the virus was detected in PBL and CSs. We conclude from this study that DEV establishes latency in TG and lymphoid tissues including PBL. 相似文献
19.
S B Mohanty 《American journal of veterinary research》1975,36(3):319-321
Intracellular antigens of strain DN-599 bovine herpesvirus were detected in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of infected bovine embryonic kidney cells by the indirect immunoferritin (IF) technique. Specific tagging was observed in viral envelope and capsids. Aggregates of viral particles heavily coated with antibody were seen by immune electron microscopy (IEM). 相似文献
20.
Detection and Localization of Aleutian Disease Virus and its Antigens in vivo by Immunoferritin Technique 
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下载免费PDF全文 Tissues from mink infected with aleutian disease virus were examined by the electron microscope for the presence of virus particles. Virus-like particles, measuring 22 nm in diameter, were observed in macrophages of spleen, mesenteric lymph node and in Kupffer cells in liver of mink ten to 13 days after infection. The virus-like particles were usually present in vacuoles inside the cytoplasm of macrophages and Kupffer cells and, occasionally, similar particles were observed inside the nucleus. Cells from uninfected mink did not contain such patricles. To correlate the existence of these virus-like particles with the presence of aleutian disease virus antigen in infected cells, tissues were processed for immunoferritin technique. It was found that aleutian disease virus antigen was present in vacuoles inside the cytoplasm of cells from the infected spleen, lymph node and liver, and that the location was similar to that of the 22 nm virus-like particles. In addition, some viral antigen was also detected as cytoplasmic granular material. The nuclei of some cells also contained aleutian disease virus antigen. The pattern of aleutian disease virus antigen was similar to the distribution of virus-like particles in cells of infected tissue. It is suggested that virus replication occurs inside the nucleus with subsequent accumulation of virus in the vacuoles of the cytoplasm. 相似文献