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1.
Five transgressive variants (advanced breeding lines from BC2F5 and BC2F6 generation) were derived from a cross between the wild relative, O. rufipogon Griff. and O. sativa L. subsp. indica cv. MR219, a popular high yielding Malaysian rice cultivar. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pericarp colour of the grains along with yield potential and to validate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for agronomic traits. The variants were screened against blast disease. Background marker analysis was also done for the promising variants. The field trials were carried out at a single location (due to containment purposes) over two seasons using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. A trait-based marker analysis was used to identify QTLs for validation in BC2F5 generation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the seasonal factors influenced different agronomic traits. Variant G33 produced significantly (p < 0.05) higher yield (5.20 t/ha) than the control, MR219 (4.53 t/ha). Eighteen QTLs for different agronomic traits were identified in BC2F2 population in a previous study. Among them 14 QTLs were found in BC2F5 population of the present study. The yield of variant G33 was influenced by several QTLs viz. qGPL-1, qSPL-1-2, qSPL-8 and qYLD-4, which were introgressed from the donor parent revealed by background marker analysis using BC2F7 generation. Percentage (99%) of red pericarp grain of G33 and G34 in BC2F5 and BC2F6 generations indicated the stability of pericarp colour which was transferred from the wild relative. Variant G33 showed resistance against two pathotype of blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae). Among the evaluated variants, G33 could be considered for inclusion in the cultivar development program for red rice with high yield potential and resistance to blast disease. This study demonstrated that the alleles from wild relative could improve the yield and yield related traits through allelic interaction, even though the phenotypic traits were inferior to the recurrent parent.  相似文献   

2.
To broaden the genetic basis and overcome the yield plateau in Asian cultivated rice, the exploitation and utilization of favorable alleles from rice species with the AA genome has become important and urgent in modern breeding programs. Four different interspecific populations were used to detect quantitative trait locus (QTL) for seed length, including a BC4F2 population derived from Oryza glumaepatula crossed with Dianjingyou 1 (a japonica cultivar), a BC4F2 population derived from O. nivara crossed with Dianjingyou 1, a BC7F1 population derived from a cross between O. longistaminata and RD23 (an indica cultivar), and a BC8F1 population derived from a cross between O. glaberrima and Dianjingyou 1. The QTLs for seed length in four different populations were termed as SL-3a, SL-3b, SL-3c and SL-3d, respectively. They had good collinearity and accounted for 49% to 60% of the phenotypic variations. Sequencing data indicated that four QTLs were different alleles of GS3 which were responsible for the seed length variation between O. sativa and its four AA genome relatives. These results will be valuable for confirming the evolution of GS3 and also be helpful for rice breeding.  相似文献   

3.
采用农杆菌介导法获得转Cry1A.401基因抗虫玉米CM8302和CM8303,通过多代回交与自交获得BC4F1、BC4F2和BC4F3世代的转基因玉米材料。利用qRT-PCR和ELISA方法明确转基因抗虫玉米叶片、花丝和子粒均有Cry1A.401基因表达,不同世代间目的基因表达量无显著差异。田间接虫鉴定结果表明,CM8302和CM8303三个世代心叶期和吐丝期的抗性等级均为1级,抗性水平为高抗。室内生测结果表明,亚洲玉米螟幼虫取食CM8302心叶、花丝和子粒第6天存活率分别为0、4.0%和4.0%;取食CM8303心叶、花丝和子粒第6天存活率分别为0、4.0%和2.0%。分析显示转基因抗虫玉米CM8302和CM8303的心叶、花丝和子粒均具有显著杀虫效果且遗传稳定。  相似文献   

4.
为了研究高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMWGS)缺失对小麦品质的影响,以 GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS共同缺失材料2GS041410作供体亲本,以弱筋小麦品种扬麦13和扬麦18作轮回亲本进行回交,构建不同遗传背景的BC1F3和BC2F3群体,测定受体、供体亲本的品质,以及回交群体BC1F3和BC2F3中 GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS共同缺失纯合单株及两位点均正常表达纯合单株的品质。结果表明,供体2GS041410具有较低的SDS沉降值、较短的面团形成时间和稳定时间;在BC1F3和BC2F3中, GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS共同缺失对蛋白含量影响不显著,但可显著或极显著降低SDS沉降值和水溶剂保持力(SRC)。 GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS双缺失在弱筋小麦品质育种中具有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

5.
Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain mineral elements can assist in faster and more precise development of micronutrient dense rice varieties through marker-assisted breeding. In the present study, QTLs were mapped for Fe and Zn concentrations in two BC2F3 mapping populations derived from the crosses of O. sativa cv Swarna with two different accessions of O. nivara. In all, 10 and 8 QTLs were identified for grain Fe and Zn concentrations in population 1, and 7 and 5 QTLs were identified in population 2, respectively. Eighty percent of the QTLs detected in both populations were derived from O. nivara. Five QTLs for Fe and three QTLs for Zn explained more than 15% phenotypic variance either in interval or composite interval mapping. The locations of O. nivara derived QTLs such as qFe2.1, qFe3.1, qFe8.2 and qZn12.1 were consistently identified in both the populations. Epistatic interaction was observed only between RM106 and RM6 on chromosome 2 and between RM22 and RM7 on chromosome 3 for Fe concentration in population 1. Sixteen candidate genes for metal homeostasis were found to co-locate with 10 QTLs for Fe and Zn concentrations in both the populations. Most of the Fe and Zn QTLs were found to co-locate with QTLs for grain yield and grain quality traits. Some of the major effect QTLs identified can be used to improve rice grain Fe and Zn concentrations.  相似文献   

6.
为了解普通小麦与山羊草属的杂交F1代的育性、细胞遗传学表现及育种利用潜力,以普通小麦7182和丰优1718为母本,分别以卵穗山羊草SY163和离果山羊草SY119为父本进行杂交,对杂交F1代的生育特性、染色体构型、田间条锈病抗性、F1自交和回交结实性等进行了分析。结果表明,F1代植株生长势较强,株型倾向母本,成熟期穗子易断,壳硬;杂交F1代高度不育,花粉可育率1.26%~3.54%,回交结实率2.08%~5.26%,仅普通小麦/卵穗山羊草自交结实,但结实率最高仅为0.25%。7182/SY163、7182/SY119、丰优1718/SY163、丰优1718/SY119杂交F1代花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I的染色体构型平均分别为31.11I+1.90II+0.03III、20.04I+7.45II+0.02III、30.08I+2.40II+0.04III、22.37I+6.30II+0.01III,说明普通小麦与2种山羊草杂交亲和性差,且可交配性主要由山羊草基因决定。田间条锈病抗性鉴定结果显示,F1代均对条锈菌混合小种高抗或免疫,这对于丰富小麦抗病基因资源有重要意义。  相似文献   

7.
以玉米雄性不育突变体ms1153为材料,通过减数分裂期花粉母细胞染色体观察和不同发育时期花药石蜡切片分析突变体不育表型产生的原因,利用F1和F2群体确定突变体MS1153的遗传方式和基因ms1153物理位置。结果表明,与野生型相比,突变体植株在营养生长期无明显差异,在生殖生长阶段花药不能从颖壳外露,成熟花粉粒内无淀粉积累。细胞学分析发现,突变体减数分裂过程正常,但减数分裂后绒毡层降解推迟。遗传分析表明,突变体ms1153的不育性状受1对隐性核基因控制。利用图位克隆的策略将MS1153基因定位于玉米第4染色体分子标记8243与8275之间,物理区间为221.4~226.2 Mb,此区间内没有已克隆雄性育性基因,说明MS1153是一个新的玉米雄性育性基因。  相似文献   

8.
Summary Genes ofSolanum tuberosum L. ssp.tuberosum were introduced into cytoplasm ofS. tuberosum ssp.andigena (Juz. & Buk.) Hawkes andS. phureja Juz. & Buk. to reduce cytoplasmic sterilities. Alleles that influenced berry set and seed content produced differences between reciprocal progenies. Their expressions were interpreted in terms of genes of the maternal and/or paternal parents. When the ssp.andigena genotype was introduced from the maternal parent if favoured high berry set and low seed number. Maternal ssp.tuberosum favoured lower berry set and higher seed number. The source ofS. phureja cytoplasm, aS. phureja×S. chacoense F1, used as maternal parent favoured lower berry and seed set. During successive backcrosses progeny expressions approached those of the recurrent ssp.tuberosum pollen parents. A low level of pollen sterility occurred in BC2 plants, unrelated to direction of cross or cytoplasmic factors. By BC4, seed set and fertility were as good as ssp.tuberosum, and recurrent backcrossing could be terminated without loss of seed production or fertility. Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 7493.  相似文献   

9.
栽培稻种间杂交改良云南粳稻品种研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为引入非洲栽培稻的有利基因以丰富云南粳稻的遗传基础以达到培育高产、抗病、抗逆云南粳稻品种的目的,利用179个非洲栽培稻品种作母本与6个云南粳稻杂交,并用相应父本回交后形成F1、BC1F1、BC2F1、BC2F2群体,同时对滇粳优1号作轮回亲本的组合在BC2F1中每组合随机用5~10株回交至BC3F1。研究表明,F1及BC1F1的自交结实率为0,种间杂种不育是非洲栽培稻与亚洲栽培稻种间杂交最主要的生殖障碍;但回交至BC2F1自交结实率即达到7.9％, BC3F1的平均结实率为14.6％,在BC2F1选结实率在10％以上的植株自交1次,BC2F2的结实率即为42.8%,变幅15%~80%;表明杂种不育模式符合“单位点孢子体 配子体互作不育”。在BC2F2群体中,10.7％的组合的综合表现优于轮回亲本。大规模育种实践表明,通过两次回交,再自交2~3代,种间杂种不育的障碍基本可得到克服,并可引入非洲栽培稻的有利基因。  相似文献   

10.
以3个高抗玉米自交系承351、丹598、吉V203和1个高感自交系ZW18为亲本,分别构建3个F2群体及其对应的F2:3家系,通过对F2:3家系发病果穗进行图像处理的方法鉴定抗病表型,对禾谷镰孢穗腐病抗性进行QTL定位。3个F2群体共检测到11个与禾谷镰孢穗腐病抗性有关的QTLs,分别可解释4.87%～40.98%的表型变异率。来源于抗病亲本承351的QTL-qRgr7-1位于7.02 bin,可解释高达13.76%～40.98%的表型变异率。通过与前期病害评级方法定位到的QTLs相比,qRgr7-1在Bins7.02上和qRger7.1完全重合,qRgr2-1在Bins2.01-2.02上和qRger2.1完全重合,qRgr10-1在Bins10.01-10.02上和qRger10.1完全重合。基于图像分析定位到的qRgr9-1、qRgr1-2、qRgr3-1分别与基于抗病评级定位到的区间存在重叠区域。利用不同方法定位到了相同的QTLs,一方面说明基于图像分析进行表型鉴定有一定的准确性,另一方面也验证了这些QTLs位点的真实性。  相似文献   

11.
为了解 Sec-1位点缺失对1BL/1RS易位系品质的影响,用 Sec-1位点缺失突变体与郑麦7698多次回交,系谱法辅助分子标记多代选择后得到 Sec-1位点缺失的1BL/1RS易位系（简称 Sec-1位点缺失易位系）和正常1BL/1RS易位系（简称正常易位系）,并进行品质性状、抗病性及农艺性状鉴定。结果表明,蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、干面筋含量和中峰值高度在 Sec-1位点缺失易位系和正常易位系之间差异不显著,而 Sec-1位点缺失易位系的面筋指数、面团形成时间、稳定时间、粉质质量指数、和面时间、中峰值宽度和8 min尾宽显著高于正常易位系。正常易位系的吸水率和衰落角显著大于 Sec-1位点缺失易位系。 Sec-1位点缺失易位系的条锈病抗性和白粉病抗性均低于正常易位系,但二者之间条锈病的病情指数差异不显著,而白粉病的病情指数差异达显著水平。正常易位系与 Sec-1位点缺失易位系间的千粒重、穗粒数、产量水平差异均不显著。综上所述, Sec-1位点缺失对小麦籽粒品质的正向调控作用显著,而对农艺性状的负面效应不显著, Sec-1位点缺失突变体是研究和改良小麦籽粒品质的优良遗传材料。  相似文献   

12.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):447-456
Abstract

Thirty-nine chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) population derived from a Koshihikari / Kasalath cross was used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of plant type in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Putative rough QTLs (26.2～60.3cM of Kasalath chromosomal segments) for culm length, plant height, panicle number, chlorophyll content of flag leaf blade at heading and specific leaf weight, were mapped on the several chromosomal segments based on the comparison of CSSLs with Koshihikari in the field experiment for 3 years. In order to verify and narrow QTLs detected in CSSLs, we conducted QTL analyses using F2 populations derived from a cross between Koshihikari and target CSSL holding a putative rough QTL. The qPN-2, QTL for panicle number was mapped on chromosome 2. In traits of flag leaf, the qCHL-4-1 and qCHL-4-2 for chlorophyll content was mapped on chromosome 4, and the qSLW-7 for specific leaf weight on chromosome 7. All QTLs were detected in narrow marker intervals, compared with rough QTLs in CSSLs. The qPN-2, qCHL-4-1 and qCHL-4-2 had only additive effect. On the other hand, the qSLW-7 showed over-dominance. It could be emphasized that QTL analysis in the present study with the combination of CSSLs and backcross progeny F2 population can not only verify the rough QTLs detected in CSSLs but also estimate allelic effects on the QTL.  相似文献   

13.
为初步定位小麦温敏雄性不育系BNS中与不育相关的QTL及其所属连锁群,用BNS及其完全保持系郑麦366的F2为作图群体,建立自交结实率和花粉可育率两个表型BSA池,选用均匀分布在小麦染色体上的710个SSR分子标记,在BSA池中筛选连锁标记,并进行QTL定位,同时用连锁标记引物在BNS DNA中重扩增,扩增产物序列在小麦基因组中进行比对,验证标记所属染色体并分子定位。结果表明,在2对BSA池中共筛选到12个连锁标记,涉及8个连锁群。单标记分析发现,5个连锁标记（Xwmc396、Xwmc517、Xbarc55、Xwmc332和Xwmc752）与不育QTL紧密连锁。用区间分析法分析发现,有2个主效不育QTL,分别为2B染色体上的 qBS1 （紧密连锁Xwmc332和Xbarc55）和7B染色体上的 qBS2 （紧密连锁Xwmc396和Xwmc517）。两个主效QTL的LOD值均大于5,贡献率均大于13%,且显性效应均大于加性效应。  相似文献   

14.
Stigma exsertion is an important trait for outcrossing ability in rice. Stigma exsertion rate (SER) of male sterile lines (MSLs) is a key factor affecting F1-seed production in hybrid rice. In this study, seven QTLs for SER were detected on five chromosomes using a set of single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) derived from O. glaberrima. Three of the QTLs were mapped in the estimated intervals of 92.5–333.0 kb. qSER-5 was located in a substitution segment of 92.5 kb. qSER-1b and qSER-8b were respectively limited to 333.0 kb and 107.5 kb by secondary substitution mapping. qSER-1b and qSER-3 had bigger additive effects of 11.5% and 11.9%, respectively, while the other five QTLs had smaller additive effects from 5.7% to 8.6%. Open reading frames were identified in the regions of qSER-5 and qSER-8b in O. sativa and O. glaberrima genomes. Fine mapping of the QTLs laid a foundation for the cloning of genes, and QTLs for SER will be used to develop MSLs with strong ability of outcrossing.  相似文献   

15.
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing three main kernel composition traits, starch, protein and oil concentrations, in unselected F2:3 and selected BC2F2 maize populations derived from the same cross of a dent corn inbred Dan232 × an elite popcorn inbred N04 under the same conditions were detected. Four and two QTL for starch, four and three QTL for protein, and four and one QTL for oil were detected in the two populations, respectively, with three QTL jointly detected. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by a single QTL was 5.2–10.6%, 5.0–14.3%, and 6.2–8.5% for the three traits. Ten QTL had favorable alleles contributed by Dan232. Several QTL detected in this study had identical or similar chromosome regions to those previously identified with other maize germplasms. No QTL with opposite effects for kernel composition traits and popping characteristics were detected in the same or near marker intervals. This reflected that some QTL detected in this study seemed to contribute to trait variation in a diverse array of maize populations and environments, and the opportunity existed for improving popcorn's nutritional quality while maintaining acceptable popping characteristics. Inconsistent broad sense heritability and trait correlation estimates were also observed in the two populations.  相似文献   

16.
Popping characteristics play a determinant role in the utilization of popcorn (Zea mays L.). In this study, the RIL population with 258 recombinant inbred lines was evaluated to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for three popping characteristics (PF, popping fold; PV, popping volume; PR, popping rate) under four environments. Meta-analysis was used to integrate detected QTLs across three generations (RIL, F2:3 and BC2F2) derived from the same cross. All eleven QTLs were detected for three traits, on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 for PF, on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 7 and 10 for PV, and on chromosomes 1, 4, 6 and 10 for PR. Three, 1, 3, 6 and 6 QTL were detected in the same marker intervals in 4, 3, 2, 1 cases, respectively. Four QTLs at bins 1.05–1.06, 1.08–1.09 and 7.03–7.04 were commonly detected in the same or near bins in all three generations. Six and 2 QTLs showed consistency across RIL/F2:3 or RIL/BC2F2 generations respectively. Nine meta-QTLs (mQTL) were detected on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 10. Except mQTL7-1, only related with PV, other mQTLs included two or three traits, reflecting pleiotropic or tightly linkaged QTLs for popping characteristics. The QTL influencing all the three popping traits at bins 1.05–1.06 were also detected in other previous researches using different populations, which could be put into use in marker assisted breeding for popping characteristics in popcorn.  相似文献   

17.
Popping characteristics play a determinant role in the utilization of popcorn (Zea mays L.). In this study, the RIL population with 258 recombinant inbred lines was evaluated to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for three popping characteristics (PF, popping fold; PV, popping volume; PR, popping rate) under four environments. Meta-analysis was used to integrate detected QTLs across three generations (RIL, F2:3 and BC2F2) derived from the same cross. All eleven QTLs were detected for three traits, on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 for PF, on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 7 and 10 for PV, and on chromosomes 1, 4, 6 and 10 for PR. Three, 1, 3, 6 and 6 QTL were detected in the same marker intervals in 4, 3, 2, 1 cases, respectively. Four QTLs at bins 1.05–1.06, 1.08–1.09 and 7.03–7.04 were commonly detected in the same or near bins in all three generations. Six and 2 QTLs showed consistency across RIL/F2:3 or RIL/BC2F2 generations respectively. Nine meta-QTLs (mQTL) were detected on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 10. Except mQTL7-1, only related with PV, other mQTLs included two or three traits, reflecting pleiotropic or tightly linkaged QTLs for popping characteristics. The QTL influencing all the three popping traits at bins 1.05–1.06 were also detected in other previous researches using different populations, which could be put into use in marker assisted breeding for popping characteristics in popcorn.  相似文献   

18.
小麦品质改良是东北春麦区强筋小麦育种的主要目标之一。Glu-B1位点7OE+8*亚基为超强筋小麦品种必备基因。为了明确该亚基在东北春麦区强筋小麦遗传背景下的品质遗传效应,本研究利用分子标记和选择回交相结合的手段,将7OE+8*亚基定向导入到强筋小麦品种龙麦26和龙麦35（Glu-B1位点均为7+9亚基）的遗传背景之中,对BC5F1、BC6F1群体和自交BC6F2鉴定获得的纯合品系进行7OE+8*亚基遗传效应评价。结果表明,在强筋小麦品种龙麦26(7+9)和龙麦35(7+9)遗传背景下转入7OE+8*亚基后,其干面筋、面筋指数、形成时间、稳定时间、断裂时间、拉伸面积、延伸性和最大抗延阻力等品质指标3年平均分别提高1.3%(P=0.82)和1.8%(P=0.49)、6.6%(P=0.59)和4.7%(P=0.37)、55.0%(P=0.24)和35.8%(P=0.56)、44.5%(P=0.43)和32.8%(P=0.73)、41.4%(P=0.31)和30.0%(P=0.66)、28.0%(P=0.05)和23.4%(P=0.37)、6.5%(P=0.47)和5.8%(P=0.42)、19.5%(P=0.31)和18.0%(P=0.38);Zeleny沉降值2年平均分别提高6.8%和11.4%。以上结果表明,在2个强筋小麦品种遗传背景下,Glu-B1位点转入7OE+8*亚基较7+9亚基对各项品质指标改良均存在正向效应,但提高幅度存在差异,对形成时间、稳定时间、断裂时间、最大抗延阻力、拉伸面积等衡量面筋质量的指标提高幅度更大,表明该亚基对面筋质量改良效应显著。综上所述,7OE+8*亚基可作为东北春麦区强筋小麦遗传背景下品质性状进一步改良的优选基因,为超强筋小麦育种的重要基因资源。  相似文献   

19.
Weed competition is a major constraint to lowland rice production in West Africa. Interspecific rice varieties named New Rice for Africa (NERICA) may have superior weed competitiveness and could as such play an important role in integrated weed management. The NERICA varieties were developed from the wide cross between high-yielding Oryza sativa (L.) and weed competitive and disease resilient Oryza glaberrima (Steud.). In this study weed competitiveness of all 60 lowland varieties of NERICA (NERICA-L) was compared with their most frequently used parents [IR64 (O. sativa) and TOG5681 (O. glaberrima)], the weed competitive variety Jaya (O. sativa) and the O. glaberrima upland NERICA parent CG14. During the 2006 and 2007 rainy seasons these varieties were grown under weed-free and weedy conditions in a lowland farmers’ field with partially controlled irrigation in south-east Benin. Weedy plots included single hand weeding at 28 days after sowing, whereas weed-free plots were weekly weeded.  相似文献   

20.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):151-163
Abstract

Oryza glaberrima has mostly been used as a source to improve stress resistance of Oryza sativa. Improvement of this species could be an approach to use its adaptability to local environments in Africa such as multiple resistance to several indigenous constraints. The yield of O. glaberrima was inferior to that of O. sativa under favorable growth conditions but not under unfavorable conditions. Moreover, spikelet number before grain shattering was no less in O. glaberrima than in O. sativa at any fertilizer input levels, suggesting that the yield potential of O. glaberrima is as high as that of O. sativa. Inferior yield of O. glaberrima reported in favorable environments could result from grain shattering enhanced by such growth environments where higher incidence of lodging, which is another undesirable character of O. glaberrima, can occur. Regarding characteristics associated to yield generation, O. glaberrima seemed to possess: higher dry matter production and greater leaf area than O. sativa at least until heading; a lower photosynthetic rate per leaf area but a higher rate against the same leaf nitrogen content in a low content range; higher responsiveness of dry matter, leaf area and leaf photosynthesis to increases in nitrogen inputs; lower water-use efficiency on dry matter accumulation and gas exchange bases; faster progress of leaf senescence during maturity; and faster completion of grain filling during maturity than O. sativa.  相似文献   

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