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1.
湘西植烟土壤pH和主要养分特征及其相互关系 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为了解湘西烟区植烟土壤pH和主要养分特征及其相互关系,于2015年采集烟区1 242个土壤样本,研究了植烟土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的适宜性分布、县域分布以及pH与这些养分指标的量化关系。结果表明:1湘西烟区植烟土壤pH平均值为6.12,有20.77%样品偏酸和18.20%的样品偏碱;有机质和碱解氮含量的平均值分别为28.42 g/kg和145.63 mg/kg,总体上处于适宜水平;有效磷含量的平均值为28.94 mg/kg,有近40%样品偏高;速效钾含量平均值为198.76 mg/kg,有近45%的样品偏低。2主产烟县植烟土壤pH和养分差异极显著。3土壤主要养分含量与pH之间呈现曲线关系;当pH5.5时或pH8.0时,随土壤pH变化,主要养分含量变化较大;当pH在5.5~8.0时,随土壤pH变化,主要养分含量变化平缓。当pH5.5时,随土壤pH升高,有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量快速下降;当pH在5.5~8.0时,随土壤pH升高,有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量缓慢升高,碱解氮含量缓慢下降;当pH8.0时,随土壤pH升高,有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量快速下降,速效钾含量快速升高。 相似文献
2.
为在太行山区阜平县对耕地土壤提出科学合理的施肥理论依据,利用2018年阜平县耕地测土配方施肥调查数据,运用统计学和克里金插值方法研究了阜平县耕层土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾及pH等养分含量现状及分布特征。结果表明:当前阜平县耕地土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的均值含量分别为7.08,21.84 g/kg,70.53 mg/kg,22.43 mg/kg,75.43 mg/kg,土壤pH值主要为中性水平,占比65.42%; 土壤有机质含量、碱解氮含量和速效钾含量均表现为以中等含量水平为主,占比分别为45.55%,43.19%和59.86%,处于中等及以上的占比分别为98.76%,64.42%和75.96%; 土壤有效磷含量主要处于高等含量水平,占比29.99%,而高等及以上水平占比74.15%。从空间分布上耕地土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾大体均呈现由东南向西北逐渐增长的趋势,而从海拔梯度分区下有机质和有效磷呈现丘陵区(21.85 g/kg)<低山区(21.92 g/kg)<中山区(22.70 g/kg)趋势,碱解氮呈现中山区(64.72 mg/kg)<丘陵区(70.53 mg/kg)<低山区(70.71 mg/kg),速效钾呈现低山区(74.75 mg/kg)<丘陵区(75.21 mg/kg)<中山区(83.78 mg/kg)趋势,土壤pH均不呈现明显规律。土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾与海拔地形要素均呈现极正相关关系。结果可为阜平县耕地科学合理施肥提供理论依据,并推动精准农业发展,促进乡村振兴。 相似文献
3.
利用福建省宁德市9县(市、区)近9年测土配方施肥34 998个土样测定分析结果和序贯高斯模拟,分析宁德市耕地土壤pH值、有机质和速效氮、磷、钾空间分布特征,并提出甘薯施肥建议。结果表明:土壤pH值、有机质和速效氮、磷、钾指标的半变异函数均为指数模型。宁德耕地土壤以pH值≤5.5、土壤有机质≥20 g/kg、碱解氮100~250 mg/kg、有效磷15 mg/kg、速效钾80 mg/kg为主。随着海拔高度下降,宁德耕地土壤pH值均值随之上升,土壤有机质含量均值和碱解氮含量均值随之下降,土壤有效磷含量均值和速效钾含量均值随之呈先降后升的趋势。应根据土壤测定值与推荐施肥量关系表,或海拔与施肥量的回归关系式,在甘薯田酌情施用石灰、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥,还应增施有机肥。 相似文献
4.
褐土耕地肥力质量与作物产量的变化及影响因素分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
对26个20多年长期定位试验的褐土土壤肥力质量和产量变化进行了分析。结果表明,从1986年到2006年,褐土区土壤有机质含量由11.50 g/kg上升到15.75 g/kg; 全氮由0.73 g/kg上升到1.07 g/kg; 碱解氮含量由73.5 mg/kg 上升到94.6 mg/kg,20年增加了21.1 mg/kg; 有效磷含量1998～2006年增加幅度较大,由18.1 mg/kg上升到28.7 mg/kg,年增加1.3 mg/kg; 速效钾含量也随时间呈一定的增加趋势。总之,褐土肥力总体呈稳中有升的趋势。土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和有效磷含量的上升趋势较土壤速效钾明显,土壤酸碱度保持基本稳定,作物产量也呈现了一定上升趋势。 相似文献
5.
重庆市涪陵区植烟土壤养分的适宜性评价及变异分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
《土壤》2020,(1)
为明确土壤养分状况及变异特征,本研究以2012年和2017年涪陵区烟田土壤样品为研究对象,采用模糊数学原理对土壤养分适宜性进行综合评价,运用t检验和多重比较方法分析了各肥力指标的变异情况。结果表明:研究区56.25%的土壤p H适宜,变幅在4.41～8.12;有机质含量变幅为7.62～39.99 g/kg,中等水平土壤占71.88%;全氮及速效氮、磷含量偏高,钾含量丰富。适宜性评价显示,2017年研究区植烟土壤适宜指数均值为0.6,变异系数为26.17%。适宜性指数分级表明,Ⅱ级以上的植烟土壤占46.88%。与2012年相比,土壤pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾分别增加了0.54、1.69 g/kg、0.58 g/kg、24.63 mg/kg、17.2 mg/kg和66.6 mg/kg。因此,研究区土壤酸化趋势有所减缓,氮、磷、钾及有机质等含量有逐渐增加趋势,生产上要持续进行土壤改良,严格控制氮肥投入量,提升磷钾肥的有效性。 相似文献
6.
为明确土壤养分状况及变异特征，本研究以2012年和2017年涪陵区烟田土壤样品为研究对象，采模糊数学原理对土壤养分适宜性进行综合评价，运用t检验和多重比较方法分析了各肥力指标的变异情况。结果表明：研究区56.25%的土壤pH适宜，变幅在4.41～8.12之间；有机质含量变幅为7.62～39.99 g/kg，中等水平土壤占71.88%；全氮及速效氮、磷含量偏高，钾含量丰富。适宜性评价显示，2017年研究区植烟土壤适宜指数均值为0.6，变异系数为26.17%；适宜性指数分级表明，II级以上的植烟土壤占46.88%；与2012年相比，土壤pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾分别增加了0.54、1.69 g/kg、0.58 g/kg、24.63 mg/kg、17.2 mg/kg和66.6 mg/kg。结果说明，研究区土壤酸化趋势有所减缓，氮、磷、钾及有机质等含量有逐渐增加趋势，因此，生产上要持续进行土壤改良，严格控制氮肥投入量，提升磷钾肥的有效性。 相似文献
7.
豫中烟区土壤因子分布状况及对烤烟糖碱比的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以豫中烟区407份土壤样品和对应的烤烟样品为材料,分析了豫中烟区几种土壤因子(土壤pH、有机质、速效钾、碱解氮和速效磷)的分布状况及对烤烟糖碱比的影响。结果表明:(1)豫中烟区土壤中性偏碱,有机质、速效钾和碱解氮均在适宜范围内,速效磷较低。不同植烟市相比较,漯河土壤pH最低,土壤速效磷和碱解氮含量均最高;许昌土壤pH最高;平顶山土壤速效钾最高。(2)豫中烟区烤烟糖碱比平均为12.11,不同植烟市变化规律为许昌>漯河>平顶山。(3)豫中烟区烤烟糖碱比与土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、速效钾和速效磷之间均呈显著二次曲线关系,不同植烟市间土壤因子与烤烟糖碱比的回归关系有较大差异。 相似文献
8.
以2019年玉溪烟区9个植烟县34个主要植烟乡镇各1个代表性烟田的土壤和烤烟为研究对象，分析了土壤速效钾和有效镁及其交互作用对烤烟化学及感官品质的影响。结果表明：土壤速效钾和有效镁平均含量分别为325.9 mg/kg和207.9 mg/kg，变幅分别为93.0～713.0 mg/kg和40.0～610.0 mg/kg，土壤速效钾和有效镁缺乏的烟田分别占14.7%和23.5%。随着土壤速效钾含量的增加，烟叶钾含量先增后减，烟叶镁含量递增，烟碱和总氮含量先降后增，总糖含量、还原糖含量、糖碱比和氮碱比递减，其中土壤速效钾含量与烟叶镁含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。随土壤有效镁含量的增加，烟叶钾含量递减，烟叶镁含量递增，烟碱含量先增后降，总氮含量递增，总糖含量、还原糖含量、糖碱比和氮碱比先降后增，其中土壤有效镁含量与烟叶钾、镁含量分别呈极显著负相关和正相关(P<0.01)。土壤速效钾和有效镁含量的增加能分别显著提升烟叶清甜香和香气量(P<0.05)。土壤钾镁交互作用对烟叶总糖、还原糖含量及氮碱比均产生显著影响(P<0.05)。因此，为提升玉溪烤烟品质，应在适当施用镁肥... 相似文献
9.
福建烟区土壤主要物理化学性状的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对福建烟区具有代表性的2266个土壤样品的物理化学性状分析测定表明:土壤的pH值平均为5.05,物理性黏粒(<0.01mm)36.56%,有机质22.99g/kg,全N 1.52g/kg,碱解氮144.41mg/kg,全P 0.52g/kg,速效磷28.41mg/kg,全K 19.50g/kg,速效钾79.50mg/kg,缓效钾259.61mg/kg。与第2次土壤普查比较,福建烟区土壤普遍酸化,有机质和全K含量下降,土壤全P和有效磷含量显著增加,部分土壤N素积累。福建烟区应重视土壤酸度的调节和有机肥的施用,选择适宜的土壤质地类型,适当控制N肥的施用,适量施用P肥,重视K肥的施用。 相似文献
10.
土壤肥力对于水利水电工程、水土保持和生态修复建设中具有重要意义。本研究采用地统计学、GIS和模糊数学方法,系统地调查分析了白鹤滩水电站项目区土壤肥力状况及其空间变异特征,旨在为项目区陆生生态修复和水土流失预防提供理论依据。研究结果显示,研究区的碱解氮和速效钾具有较强的空间变异性,有机质和速效钾的空间变异性为中等水平,而阳离子交换量和Chao1变异系数的空间变异性最小,为较弱水平。0~10cm和 10～20 cm土壤中碱解氮、有机质、阳离子交换量、速效钾、速效磷和Chao1的平均值分别为14.08mg/kg、14.02g/kg、8.04cmol/kg、98.53mg/kg、0.65mg/kg、0.9732 和 12.14mg/kg、12.7g/kg、8.02cmol/kg、109.78mg/kg、0.74mg/kg、0.927。碱解氮和速效磷的平均含量低于土壤养分分级标准的6级水平,而有机质和阳离子交换量处于4级水平,速效钾处于3级水平。深层速效钾在空间上呈现较弱的自相关性,而碱解氮、有机质、阳离子交换量、表层Chao1和深层速效磷块金系数均小于25%,在空间上呈现较强的自相关性。通过空间插值图可以看出,研究区土壤综合肥力指标、碱解氮和有机质呈现由西北向东南逐渐降低的趋势,而其它肥力指标则具有不同的空间分布特征。研究区整体土壤肥力水平较低,其中速效磷和碱解氮是主要的限制因素。 相似文献
11.
中国华北地区近40年物候春季变化 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17
根据华北地区7个观测站物候资料,分析了华北地区1963-1996年及北京1963-2005年物候春季的变化特征及其与气温的关系。结果表明:华北地区的物候春季有明显提早来临的趋势,而造成这一变化的主要因素是本地区近40 a来冬春季气温的明显上升。其中1963-1996年间华北地区1-3月及4月的平均气温分别上升了2.3℃与1.7℃,物候春季起止日期分别提前了9d和4d,因而使得春季长度也延长了5d;北京1963-2003年间1-3月及4月的平均气温分别上升了3.5℃与2.6℃,物候春季的起止日期分别提前了11d和10d,但春季长度没有明显变化。 相似文献
12.
Howard B. Ross 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,36(3-4):349-363
Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) concentrations in atmospheric precipitation have been routinely monitored in Sweden since the autumn of 1983. Concentrations are highest in southern Sweden and decrease northward. It is postulated that the long range transport of anthropogenic pollutants from the rest of Europe is the major source of Cd, Pb, and Zn in precipitation. Evidence for this hypothesis is that enrichment factors indicate anthropogenic origin, and Swedish atmospheric emissions of Zn and Cd are 2 to 3 times smaller than deposition fluxes. Also, Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations are correlated in both space and time and are also well correlated with exSO4 +, a substance known to be of anthropogenic origin transported long distances. 相似文献
13.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Epiphytic lichens were sampled in a Dutch national monitoring survey, which was carried out twice within 5 yr. The samples were analyzed by neutron activation... 相似文献
14.
Sediment denitrification in waterways in a rice-paddy-dominated watershed in eastern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiaobo Li Yongqiu Xia Yuefei Li Todd M. Kana Sonoko D. Kimura Masanori Saito Xiaoyuan Yan 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(4):783-792
Purpose
Rice-paddy-dominated watersheds in eastern China are intensively cultivated, and lands with two crops receive as much as 550–600 kg?ha–1?year–1 of nitrogen (N), mainly through the addition of N-based fertilizers. However, stream N concentrations have been found to be relatively low. Waterways in the watersheds are assumed to be effective “sinks” for N, minimizing its downstream movement. We directly measured net sediment denitrification rates in three types of waterways (ponds, streams/rivers, and a reservoir) and determined the key factors that control net sediment denitrification. Such information is essential for evaluating the impact of the agricultural N cycle on the quality of surface water.Materials and methods
The pond–stream–reservoir continuum was sampled every 2 months at nine sites in an agricultural watershed between November 2010 and December 2011. Net sediment N2 fluxes/net sediment denitrification rates were determined by membrane inlet mass spectrometry and the N2/Ar technique. A suite of parameters known to influence denitrification were also measured.Results and discussion
Net denitrification rates ranged between 28.2?±?18.2 and 674.3?±?314.5 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1 for the streams, 23.7?±?23.9 and 121.2?±?38.7 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1 for the ponds, and 41.8?±?17.7 and 239.3?±?49.8 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1 for the reservoir. The mean net denitrification rate of the stream sites (173.2?±?248.4 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1) was significantly higher (p?<?0.001) than that of the pond sites (48.3?±?44.5 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1), and the three types of waterways all had significantly higher (p?<?0.01) mean net denitrification rates in summer than in other seasons. Linear regression and linear mixed effect model analysis showed that nitrate (NO3 ?–N) concentration in surface water was the primary controlling factor for net sediment denitrification, followed by water temperature. Using monitoring data on NO3 ?–N concentrations and temperature of the surface water of waterways and an established linear mixed effect model, total N removed through net sediment denitrification in the pond–stream–reservoir continuum was estimated at 46.8?±?24.0 t?year–1 from July 2007 to June 2009, which was comparable with earlier estimates based on the mass balance method (34.3?±?12.7 t?year–1), and accounted for 83.4 % of the total aquatic N. However, the total aquatic N was only 4.4 % of the total N input to the watershed, and thus most of the surplus N in the watershed was likely to be either denitrified or stored in soil.Conclusions
High doses of N in a rice-paddy-dominated watershed did not lead to high stream N concentrations due to limited input of N into waterways and the high efficiency of waterways in removing N through denitrification. 相似文献15.
天津半干旱地区不同种植年限菜田土壤微生物变化特征的研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
对天津周边半干旱地区不同种植年限的菜田土壤微生物状况调查研究表明 ,该地区土壤微生物以细菌为主 ,夏季微生物总量大大高于冬季 ;随着种菜年限的增加 ,耕层和亚耕层微生物总量都有增加趋势 ,其中细菌和放线菌增加明显 ,真菌有下降趋势 ;真菌类群分析表明 ,少数纤维素分解菌 ,如青霉 (Penicillium)、木霉 (Trichoderma)等为优势菌 ,而糖和木质素分解菌仅占少数。用尖孢镰刀霉 (Fusariumuoxysporum)、大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli)接种不同种菜年限土壤 ,检测土壤拮抗菌状况发现 ,拮抗菌仅在种植年限长的老菜田的放线菌中发现。表明北方半干旱地区菜田土壤细菌为优势菌 ,主要存在于土壤微孔隙中 ;而适于生活在土壤疏松大孔隙中的真菌数量极少。应注意土壤结构的改良 ,为丰富土壤微生物提供良好的生态环境 相似文献
16.
天津半干旱地区不同种植年限菜田土壤微生物变化特征的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对天津周边半干旱地区不同种植年限的菜田土壤微生物状况调查研究表明 ,该地区土壤微生物以细菌为主 ,夏季微生物总量大大高于冬季 ;随着种菜年限的增加 ,耕层和亚耕层微生物总量都有增加趋势 ,其中细菌和放线菌增加明显 ,真菌有下降趋势 ;真菌类群分析表明 ,少数纤维素分解菌 ,如青霉 (Penicillium)、木霉 (Trichoderma)等为优势菌 ,而糖和木质素分解菌仅占少数。用尖孢镰刀霉 (Fusariumuoxysporum)、大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli)接种不同种菜年限土壤 ,检测土壤拮抗菌状况发现 ,拮抗菌仅在种植年限长的老菜田的放线菌中发现。表明北方半干旱地区菜田土壤细菌为优势菌 ,主要存在于土壤微孔隙中 ;而适于生活在土壤疏松大孔隙中的真菌数量极少。应注意土壤结构的改良 ,为丰富土壤微生物提供良好的生态环境 相似文献
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Phytoremediation is an emerging technology based on the use of green plants to remove, contain, inactivate or destroy harmful
environmental pollutants. Recent developments in Europe and the USA show that the approach is somewhat different on both sides
of the Atlantic. In Europe, phytoremediation has more basically been research driven and, based on the outcomes, applications
have been envisaged. By contrast, the approach in the USA is more application and experience driven. In spite of a growing
track record of commercial success, more demonstration projects are needed to prove that phytoremediation is effective in
order to rigorously measure its underlying economics, and to expand its applications. More fundamental research is also required
to better understand the complex interactions between pollutants, soil, plant roots and micro-organisms at the rhizosphere
level, to increase the bioavailability of pollutants, to fully exploit the metabolic diversity of plants and, thus, to successfully
implement this new green technology. 相似文献
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Shu Wang 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2017,67(7):583-589
Proteolytic bacterial communities, which mineralize organic nitrogen, play a key role in agricultural systems. In this study, alkaline metalloprotease (apr) gene fragments from proteolytic bacteria were investigated in bulk and rhizosphere paddy soil from four fields under organic management (for 2, 3, 5, and 9 years), and from one field under conventional management (for 2 years). We analyzed the abundance and structure of the proteolytic bacterial communities using real-time quantitative PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Our results showed that the abundance of proteolytic bacteria ranged from 1.57?×?108 to 8.02?×?108?copies/g of soil. In addition, the abundance of the proteolytic bacteria in the paddy soils under organic management was significantly higher than those in the paddy soil under conventional management. Moreover, the gene copy numbers in the rhizosphere soils were significantly higher than those in the bulk soils. The abundance of proteolytic bacteria tended to increase with the duration of organic management, with the highest abundance being found in the soil that had been under organic management for 5 years. However, the proteolytic bacteria communities in the paddy soils were not significantly affected by management practices. Phylogeny analysis showed that all gel bands obtained represented genes from Pseudomonas. Additionally, correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis showed that C/N, C, and N were important factors that influenced the abundance and community structure of the proteolytic bacteria. These results suggest that proteolytic bacteria are indicators in organic management systems, depolymerize organic N and hence maintain soil sustainability.Abbreviations: CM: conventional management; OM: organic management; DGGE: denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; qPCR: real-time quantitative PCR detecting system; COFCC: China organic food certification center; CCA: canonical correspondence analysis 相似文献