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饲养奶牛的经济效益,主要取决 于牛奶销售价格、奶牛饲养成本和产 奶量等因素。饲养奶牛的经济效益,与 奶价成本比 (牛奶销售价格与牛奶生 产成本之比)、奶料比(奶牛头日产奶 量与头日混合精料饲喂量之比)、奶料 价格之比 (牛奶销售价格与混合精 相似文献
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在国际金融公司中国项目中心（IFC-CPDF）项目组的指导下,通过对云南洱源50户奶牛养殖示范户进行＂基线调研分析→专家针对调研问题培训→培训后回访→专家再培训＂的方式,以动物科学和农林经济管理理论基础为科学依据,指出洱源传统奶牛养殖中存在的问题,找出洱源传统奶牛养殖经济效益不高的瓶颈。通过专家对政府、乳制品企业、项目推广组以及奶牛养殖户的指导与培训,使洱源传统养殖技术与现代养殖技术相融合,不断提高当地奶牛的引种、选种和配种的先进性,饲养技术、配料及饲喂方法的科学性。使奶农的养殖技术、饲喂方法有很大改进,进而提高奶牛产量和质量,以户带面提高了洱源奶牛养殖技术的科学水平,在保证牛奶质量安全的前提下降低养殖管理费用,增加了奶农的经济收入,将对西南地区奶牛产业的发展起到示范作用。 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎是奶牛饲养中经常发生的疾病之一,是由于奶牛乳腺受到奶牛自身因素、环境因素、管理因素及遗传因素等影响,微生物、化学、物理的刺激后引起奶牛乳腺组织的炎症,该病能直接导致奶牛奶产量降低,作者结合实践经验简要介绍如何预防奶牛乳房炎的饲养管理措施,以有效预防奶牛乳房炎的发生,提高奶牛养殖的经济效益。 相似文献
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日本奶牛的饲养主要依赖于国外饲料的进口,国际饲料价格的上涨使得日本奶业陷入了危机,奶农的生产经营状况直接关系到奶业产业的发展。本研究基于日本社团法人中央畜产会实施的全国农户生产经营指导项目中所调查的294个奶农农户的生产经营相关数据,采用因子分析、多元线性回归分析、聚类分析方法,对影响奶农经营收入的因素进行了分析。结果表明,奶牛饲养的收益、奶牛饲养的劳动效率、饲养规模这三个因素对奶农的生产影响最大;阐明了奶农生产中存在的问题;提出了奶农生产经营的改善应该着重于适度扩大生产规模;合理进行投资,并且均衡大型机器设备和小农器具投资的比例以改善奶农饲养效率以及饲料生产效率,提高奶农的收入。最后,借鉴日本奶业生产经营中存在的问题,总结了对我国奶业发展的启示。 相似文献
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奶牛的发情鉴定与适时配种是奶农养殖奶牛的关键技术之一,这两个环节,任何一个环节没有掌握好,都会导致奶牛的妊娠失败,从而降低经济效益,增加饲养成本。为提高奶牛的一次配种成功率和减少空怀,就要求奶农具有相应的知识和技术,而且青年牛的第一次配种妊娠的时间对今后生产性能的发挥,也具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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季节、饲养管理水平影响原料乳主要理化指标的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]对奶牛场所生产的原料乳进行理化指标检测,分析原料乳主要理化指标的影响因素,并提出一些解决措施.[方法]采集奶牛场的奶样,在实验室检测原料乳的主要理化指标(脂肪、蛋白质、非脂乳固体),所得数据绘制曲线图,并进行对比、分析、差异性检验,分析影响原料乳主要理化指标的因素.[结果]实验统计数据表明在实验区域和实验期间内,季节、饲养管理水平对牛奶中蛋白质、脂肪及干物质含量影响明显.通过改善奶牛圈舍条件,可以使牛奶的蛋白质、脂肪及干物质含量有所增加,并且可以缓和季节对牛奶中这些指标的影响.通过提高养殖小区的饲养管理水平,可以在原有水平上使牛奶的蛋白质、脂肪及干物质含量有所增加,并且缩小了养殖小区和核心牛场的差距.[结论]通过具体措施的实施,原料乳的主要理化指标有所增加,奶品质提高. 相似文献
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基于连续3年对湖北省随州、武穴和孝感3地900户稻农的实地调查数据,建立了计量经济模型,对稻农生产的经济效益及其影响因素进行了实证检验。结果表明,对稻农生产经济效益影响最大的是稻米出售价格;国家政策对稻农生产经济效益具有显著作用;务农人口和人均收入对稻农经济效益同样有重要作用。结合实证分析结果,最后提出了相应的政策建议,并对未来湖北省水稻生产前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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2007年下半年以来,我国原料乳价格波动情况分为3个阶段。影响其波动的主要原因有饲养成本、原料乳供求、原料乳质量、乳制品进口、国际乳制品价格、气候、疫情和政策。原料乳价格波动过大会影响奶农、乳企和消费者的利益。必须科学制定乳业发展规划,规范原料乳交易,建立监测与预警机制、合理的价格形成机制以及乳企与奶农的利益联结机制。 相似文献
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物联网在奶牛养殖中的应用及展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
物联网在奶牛养殖中的应用,不仅能有效优化奶牛养殖管理模式,而且为奶牛的精细化养殖提供有力手段,为提高奶牛年产奶量以及整个奶牛养殖产业的持续发展提供动力。目前,物联网技术在奶牛养殖方面的应用主要集中在奶牛场生产环境监测、奶牛生理监测、奶牛精细饲喂、溯源信息采集4个方面,为奶牛的科学管理提供数据支持。展望未来,随着科技的不断进步,相关研究不断推进,物联网技术将会应用到奶牛养殖的各个环节,基于物联网的科学饲喂、实时监测以及智能管理将是未来奶牛养殖产业的发展方向,它将进一步提高奶牛的产量和质量,提升奶牛养殖的现代化水平。 相似文献
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乳制品质量安全关系着消费者的身体健康和生命安全,已得到人们的普遍关注。从乳制品生产到消费的全程出发,分析在奶农饲养、原奶收购、运输和贮存、乳制品加工、乳制品运输和销售等环节存在的安全问题,并提出科学有效的保障措施,为乳制品质量安全的发展提供理论依据。 相似文献
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The cow stock of smallholder farmers with less than 100 cows still accounted for nearly 50% of total cows in China. Since the milk scandal occurred in 2008, raw milk safety has become focus for the sound development of the Chinese dairy industry. Adoption of on-farm milk safety measures by smallholders is a key for ensuring milk safety, and these measures are largely voluntary in nature. The recent survey conducted in northern China reveals that an overall adoption rate of various milk safety measures by smallholders is close to 48% with wide variations across the dairy farmers. We employ the Poisson regression model to study the determinants of farmers' adoption of voluntary milk safety measures. Compared with backyard dairy farmers, dairy complex and scaled dairy farms adopted more milk safety measures. Moreover, the empirical result indicates that farmers' adoption of raw milk safety measures is positively affected by farm size. These findings suggest that the changing dairy production structure towards larger farms and away from backyard dairy farming prompts smallholder dairy farmers to adopt more raw milk safety measures. This lends some support to the role of recent policy initiatives towards larger farms and away from backyard dairy farming on increasing the farmers' milk safety practices and reducing on-farm incidence of milk safety. 相似文献
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XIONG Ben-hai LUO Qing-yao Lǔ Jian-qiang YANG Liang 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(8):1022-1028
This study was to supply the systemic and full milking process data to support the implementation of both dairy herd improvement （DHI） and digital feeding of dairy cattle. This study designed the relational structured database and developed a set of digital management information system on milking process of intensive dairy farm using Visual Basic 6.0, Access databases, and Crystal report combining the milking characteristics of a grown cow, such as quality and sanitation testing indexes of raw milk. The system supplies a series of convenient, intelligent input interfaces of crude datum, and can count, analyze, and graphically show milking datum based on different types and different parities of cows or herds in a specific duration, and can dynamically produce some important derived data, such as days of grown cow, daily average of milk production of grown cow, days of cow milk production, and daily average of milking cow production; and can carry out all-pervasive data mining. With the help of system analysis and software design techniques, it is possible to realize precision farming for a dairy cattle herd based on whole digital management of milking process and realtime prediction on nutrient requirements and ration of dairy cattle, as well as dairy herd improvement. 相似文献
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近年来,我国乳品质量安全现状持续好转,消费者的消费信心正在逐步恢复,保障乳品安全的各项治理整顿行动正在持续深入进行,山西省已经成为全国主要奶牛生产基地之一。针对山西省乳品生产质量安全现状,从生鲜乳的生产、贮运、乳制品的加工销售和政府部门的监管等方面剖析了乳制品质量安全影响因素,提出了如何进一步提升山西省乳品质量安全水平的对策:首先加快推进奶牛标准化规模养殖,扩大优质奶源基地,从源头上强化对原料乳的质量安全控制;大力推进奶牛良种工程建设,做好选种和选配工作;加强政府监管力度,全面实施生鲜乳监测计划;提高乳品生产企业管理水平,重视和抓好质量文化建设、道德文化建设,强化诚信体系建设。 相似文献
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Wilson P 《The Journal of agricultural science》2011,149(4):507-517
The UK dairy sector has undergone considerable structural change in recent years, with a decrease in the number of producers accompanied by an increased average herd size and increased concentrate use and milk yields. One of the key drivers to producers remaining in the industry is the profitability of their herds. The current paper adopts a holistic approach to decomposing the variation in dairy profitability through an analysis of net margin data explained by physical input-output measures, milk price variation, labour utilization and managerial behaviours and characteristics. Data are drawn from the Farm Business Survey (FBS) for England in 2007/08 for 228 dairy enterprises. Average yields are 7100 litres/cow/yr, from a herd size of 110 cows that use 0·56 forage ha/cow/yr and 43·2 labour h/cow/yr. An average milk price of 22·57 pence per litre (ppl) produced milk output of ￡1602/cow/yr, which after accounting for calf sales, herd replacements and quota leasing costs, gave an average dairy output of ￡1516/cow/yr. After total costs of ￡1464/cow/yr this left an economic return of ￡52/cow/yr (0·73 ppl) net margin profit. There is wide variation in performance, with the most profitable (as measured by net margin per cow) quartile of producers achieving 2000 litres/cow/yr more than the least profitable quartile, returning a net margin of ￡335/cow/yr compared to a loss of ￡361/cow/yr for the least profitable. The most profitable producers operate larger, higher yielding herds and achieve a greater milk price for their output. In addition, a significantly greater number of the most profitable producers undertake financial benchmarking within their businesses and operate specialist dairy farms. When examining the full data set, the most profitable enterprises included significantly greater numbers of organic producers. The most profitable tend to have a greater reliance on independent technical advice, but this finding is not statistically significant. Decomposing the variation in net margin performance between the most and least profitable groups, an approximate ratio of 65:23:12 is observed for higher yields: lower costs: higher milk price. This result indicates that yield differentials are the key performance driver in dairy profitability. Lower costs per cow are dominated by the significantly lower cost of farmer and spouse labour per cow of the most profitable group, flowing directly from the upper quartile expending 37·7 labour h/cow/yr in comparison with 58·8 h/cow/yr for the lower quartile. The upper quartile's greater milk price is argued to be achieved through contract negotiations and higher milk quality, and this accounts for 0·12 of the variation in net margin performance. The average economic return to the sample of dairy enterprises in this survey year was less than ￡6000/farm/yr. However, the most profitable quartile returned an average economic return of approximately ￡50?000 per farm/yr. Structural change in the UK dairy sector is likely to continue with the least profitable and typically smaller dairy enterprises being replaced by a smaller number of expanding dairy production units. 相似文献