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1.
《干旱区研究》2021,38(5):1436-1441
采用培养皿法研究不同类型钠盐胁迫对荒漠植物盐爪爪种子萌发率、萌发指数、幼苗芽长和根长,分析盐爪爪种子萌发与幼苗生长适应不同类型盐碱地的机制,为种植盐爪爪生态修复不同类型盐碱地提供了科学依据。结果表明:(1)NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3、Na2CO3均显著抑制盐爪爪种子的萌发率和萌发指数。(2)回归方程分析盐爪爪萌发期的耐NaCl、Na_2SO_4、NaHCO_3、Na_2CO_3临界值分别为325 mmol·L-1、267 mmol·L-1、245 mmol·L~(-1)和166 mmol·L~(-1),其极限值分别是671 mmol·L-1、580 mmol·L~(-1)、569 mmol·L~(-1)和389 mmol·L-1,相对于中性盐,盐爪爪种子萌发时对碱性盐更敏感。(3)NaCl、Na_2SO_4、NaHCO_3、Na_2CO_3均显著抑制盐爪爪幼苗芽和根的生长,盐爪爪种子萌发和幼苗生长对这4种钠盐的响应差异显著;相对于幼苗芽,幼苗根的响应更为敏感,可将根长作为评价盐爪爪耐盐性的参数,碱性盐毒害强于中性盐;根据盐分对盐爪爪种子萌发和幼苗生长的毒害性顺序依次为:NaClNa_2SO_4NaHCO_3Na_2CO_3。  相似文献   

2.
以白茎盐生草种子为材料,研究不同光照、温度、NaCl和PEG处理对白茎盐生草种子萌发特性的影响.结果表明:1)白茎盐生草萌发时对光暗条件要求不严,3种光暗条件下,白茎盐生草种子均在30℃/35℃时快速达到最大萌发率而完成萌发进程.2)当NaCl浓度为100 mmol/L时,对白茎盐生草种子萌发无显著影响向,但当NaCl浓度为200～ 500mmol/L则会显著抑制白茎盐生草种子的萌发,种子的耐盐(NaCl)阈值和极限值分别为350.94和510.32mmol/L.3)随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,完成萌发进程所用时间增长,最终萌发率显著下降.-0.2 MPa的渗透势对白茎盐生草种子最终萌发率无显著影响,渗透势为-0.4～-1.2 MPa时,种子最终萌发率总体呈显著下降的趋势,种子的耐旱(PEG)阈值和极限值分别为-1.58和-3.09 MPa.综上所述,白茎盐生草种子萌发时表现出较强的抗盐性和极强的抗旱性.  相似文献   

3.
不同钠盐胁迫对高冰草种子萌发的影响   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
通过对高冰草种子在不同钠盐(NaCl、NaHCO3、Na2CO3)溶液中萌发情况的研究,旨在探明高冰草种子在不同盐胁迫下的萌发特性。结果表明:碱性盐(NaHCO3、Na2CO3)胁迫较中性盐(NaCl)胁迫显著降低了高冰草的发芽率。高冰草种子在NaCl浓度150mmol/L、NaHCO3浓度100mmol/L和Na2CO3浓度50mmol/L时萌发受到明显抑制。不同钠盐胁迫下高冰草种子胚根和胚芽的受抑制大小顺序为,中性盐NaCl胁迫:胚根<胚芽;碱性盐NaHCO3和Na2CO3胁迫:胚根>胚芽。  相似文献   

4.
用不同浓度的NaCl溶液对花棒(heydeysarum scoparium)种子进行胁迫萌发实验,观察其发芽率和萌发后种苗的生长情况,并测定萌发吸水率及淀粉酶活性.结果表明:花棒种子萌发对盐胁迫有一定的适应性,当NaCl盐浓度≤0.9%时,种子的发芽率均能达到90%以上;但随着NaCl浓度的增加,种子的萌发吸水受到抑制,淀粉酶活性降低,发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均呈逐渐下降趋势.当NaCl盐浓度≤0.6%时,种子萌发出的幼苗生长基本不受影响;但当NaCl盐浓度≥1.5%时,胚根伸长基本停止.  相似文献   

5.
通过研究柴达木盆地盐爪爪生理特性对盐胁迫的响应,为合理利用耐盐植物改良盐渍土提供科学依据。以盐爪爪种子及盆栽幼苗为试验材料,以清水为对照,设置10个1.0%~10.0%Na Cl溶液的培养基质浓度梯度,采用单因素随机区组设计,用3a时间对盐爪爪种子萌发、苗木生长及生理特性等耐盐性生化指标进行试验测定。结果表明:不同浓度盐胁迫对盐爪爪生长发育及生理特性都有一定程度的抑制,但不同浓度盐胁迫对盐爪爪生长发育及生理特性影响程度不同;随着盐浓度的增加,盐胁迫对盐爪爪生长发育及生理特性抑制作用越明显,7.0%盐浓度溶液作为对盐爪爪生长发育及生理特性抑制作用的拐点,是其适生耐盐最大阈值;在柴达木盆地荒漠化防治实践中应采取有效措施将水土环境的盐浓度控制在7.0%以下。  相似文献   

6.
盐分和水分胁迫对补血草种子萌发的影响   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  
在不同昼夜温度条件下用不同浓度NaCl(mmol/L)溶液及等渗聚乙二醇溶液处理大叶补血草(Limo-nium gmelinii(Willd.)Kuntze)和耳叶补血草(Limonium otolepis(Schrenk)Kuntze)种子,分别测定其萌发率、发芽势和发芽指数,测定处理9 d未萌发的种子移入蒸馏水后的萌发恢复率,以研究温度、盐胁迫和模拟干旱胁迫对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:两种补血草种子萌发的最适温度为25~15℃,在蒸馏水中的萌发率最高,随着盐浓度和PEG6000溶液浓度的增加,种子的萌发率、发芽势和发芽指数递减,对萌发产生抑制作用;PEG6000溶液对种子的萌发抑制程度与等渗NaCl溶液相当。较高盐浓度和PEG6000溶液处理下的种子复水后萌发可以恢复。  相似文献   

7.
在中性盐（NaCl ）和碱性盐（Na2 CO3）胁迫下,对采自河西走廊黑河中游的黑果枸杞进行种子萌发及幼苗生长试验,测定了发芽率（Gr ）、发芽势（Gv ）、发芽指数（GI ）、活力指数（VI ）和相对盐害率及幼苗的组织含水量、可溶性蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量、电导率、丙二醛含量和POD含量等指标。结果表明,黑果枸杞种子萌发的NaCl、Na2 CO3浓度的临界值分别是50 mmol·L－1和2．5 mmol·L－1,极限值分别是300 mmol·L－1和100 mmol·L－1;在NaCl和Na2 CO3胁迫下,发芽率分别为69．17％和71．67％;幼苗组织含水量分别由对照的88．97％降低到56．17％、70．27％;可溶性蛋白质含量最大值分别为7．09％、7．73％;叶绿素含量分别由对照的1．27 mg·g－1降到0．78 mg·g－1、0．92 mg ·g－1;电导率分别由对照的25．63％增加到64．77％、74．8％;丙二醛含量分别由对照的1．5μmol·g－1增加到6．9、6．5μmol·g－1;POD活性分别由对照的380．4 U·g－1·min－1降低到139．2 U·g－1·min－1、192．7 U·g－1·min－1。黑果枸杞是盐生植物,低浓度的盐促进萌发,高浓度的抑制萌发;碱性盐更适合其生长;黑果枸杞幼苗在盐胁迫下的生理响应及生态适应综合表现出黑果枸杞更适于碱性盐生长。  相似文献   

8.
混合盐碱胁迫对帚用高粱萌发及苗期生长的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
将NaHCO3和Na2CO3等摩尔混合,NaHCO3、Na2CO3、NaCl等摩尔混合分别得到250 mmol/L的混合溶液T1和T2,对帚用高粱的种子及幼苗进行混合盐碱胁迫处理。结果表明:混合盐碱胁迫导致帚用高粱种子发芽率降低,幼苗相对生长率减小,叶片电解质外渗率提高,可溶性糖含量增加,叶绿素含量减少;碱性盐混合引起的盐碱胁迫(T1)对帚用高粱种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用明显强于中性盐和碱性盐混合引起的盐碱胁迫(T2);渗透胁迫和离子毒害是引起抑制作用的主要原因。  相似文献   

9.
NaCl和Na_2CO_3对枸杞的胁迫效应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
对5个月苗龄的枸杞幼苗用0.3%～0.9%的中性盐NaCl和碱性盐Na2CO3处理,以观察枸杞幼苗对盐碱的耐受程度。结果表明:枸杞耐Na2CO3的最高浓度为0.3%,而耐NaCl的最高浓度为0.9%。在两种盐胁迫下,相对生长率、O2-·、H2O2、MDA含量以及质膜透性的变化趋势基本相似。但是,在Na2CO3胁迫下,相对生长率明显下降,O2-·、H2O2、MDA含量上升加剧,质膜透性也明显增加。叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量明显下降;可溶性糖和淀粉含量出现明显下降趋势。而在NaCl胁迫下,叶片可溶性糖含量出现先降后升的趋势,根中的淀粉含量也出现缓慢上升的趋势,并且二者差异显著(P<0.05),由此说明枸杞对盐的耐受力高于碱。  相似文献   

10.
NaCl对囊果碱蓬、梭梭和白梭梭种子及初期幼苗的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
种子萌发和幼苗阶段是干旱区植物群落建成的关键。试验表明,在700 mmoL/L NaCl处理时,与盐生植物梭梭和囊果碱蓬相比,旱生植物白梭梭种子胚中的K~+含量比对照显著降低。700 mmol/LNaCl处理5 d后,白梭梭、梭梭和囊果碱蓬胚中K~+/Na~+分别是对照的33%,27%和74%。高盐处理显著降低3种植物尤其是白梭梭初期幼苗体内K~+含量以及K~+/Na~+。低盐处理下,囊果碱蓬初期幼苗的生长速率明显高于白梭梭和梭梭;高盐处理对3种植物初期幼苗的生长都具有明显的抑制作用。  相似文献   

11.
Z X Zhang  X Tian  L Sun 《Weed Research》2017,57(2):91-100
Cenchrus pauciflorus (field sandbur) is an annual weed native to South America and Africa that has become an invasive plant in farmland and pastures around the globe. It forms two types of seeds that are different in shape and mass, defined as big seeds (M) and small seeds (P). This study examined effects of salinity and seed type on germination efficiency of C. pauciflorus. Increased concentration of salinity solutions (NaCl, Na2SO4 and Na2CO3) reduced germination rate and final germination percentage (FGP) of both seed types, while prolonging the mean final germination time (TFG). M seeds tolerated salinity levels below 400 mmol (NaCl), 350 mmol (Na2SO4) and 300 mmol (Na2CO3), while P seeds tolerated salinity levels below 350 mmol (NaCl), 250 mmol (Na2SO4) and 150 mmol (Na2CO3). Furthermore, M seeds were less sensitive than P seeds, confirmed via increased germination rate (61%, 42% and 40%), FGP (36%, 29% and 26%), and shorter TFG (37%, 19% and 16%) in NaCl, Na2SO4 and Na2CO3 solutions respectively. Moreover, the germination threshold values of M and P seeds were 426 and 365 mmol for NaCl, 354 and 264 mmol for Na2SO4 and 308 and 149 mmol for Na2CO3 respectively. These results add to our understanding of the germination strategy of different seed types of C. pauciflorus. This information on germination ecology may indicate a potential to invade regions with little or no salt stress.  相似文献   

12.
Several laboratory and glasshouse experiments were conducted to assess seed germination, seedling establishment and growth patterns of wrinklegrass (Ischaemum rugosum Salisb.) influenced by temperature and light regimes, and chemical media. Wrinklegrass was a positively photoblastic species, and seed germination was temperature‐dependent and light‐mediated. Seeds soaked in distilled water for 24 h, or oven‐dried at the respective temperature regimes of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40°C prior to treatment in distilled water and incubated in darkness, failed to germinate. Likewise, no germination prevailed when the seeds were exposed to similar temperature regimes and treated with 0.2 m KNO3, 5% H2O2 or 0.01 m HNO3, and incubated under continuous darkness. Seeds treated with 5% H2O2 at 30°C, or oven‐dried and treated with 0.01% M HNO3 at 35°C registered 10 and 20% germination. Approximately 75 and 90% of the light‐exposed seeds for all treatments germinated in the first three and six days at 25°C. No germination occurred at 15°C in the first three days after treatment. Seeds subjected to 40°C for six days after treatment recorded 36% germination. The optimum temperatures for seed germination were 25–30°C. Seed drying and soaking treatments widened the windows of the optimal temperatures for wrinklegrass germination. The acidic media of KNO3, H2O2 or HNO3 favored seed germination. Less than 5% of seed germination occurred with burial or water inundation at depths exceeding 2 cm. Seed burial or inundation at ≥2 cm depths inhibited seed germination. Seeds sown onto moist paddy soils registered ca. 50% germination. Free‐floating seeds on the water surface registered ca. 98% germination within the first six days after seeding. The mean number of seedlings that survived was inversely proportional to water depths, with close to 100% mortality at the 14 cm depths of inundation. Both plant height and seedling survival were linearly proportional to the amount of root mass of seedlings which penetrated the soil. The weed was a prolific seed producer (ca. 6000 seeds/genet or 18 000 seeds/genet per year). The vegetative and reproductive efforts of each wrinklegrass plant registered values of 0.68 and 0.32, respectively.  相似文献   

13.
Information on seed germination and emergence ecology of Aegilops tauschii is scant, despite it being a widespread invasive weed in China. We conducted this study to determine the effects of various factors on seed germination and seedling emergence in three A. tauschii populations. Seeds germinated across a wide range of temperatures (5–35°C), with germination of over 90% at 15–20°C. Germination was completely inhibited when dry seeds were exposed to a temperature of 160°C for 5 min; a similar response was observed for pre-soaked seeds at 100°C. Light was neither required for nor inhibited germination. Germination was not significantly affected by pH. Aegilops tauschii was relatively tolerant to low osmotic potential and high salt stress: over 80% of seeds germinated at −0.3 MPa, and all three populations germinated in the presence of 400 mM salt (NaCl) although salt tolerance varied among the populations. Seeds buried at depths of 1–3 cm emerged well, but emergence was completely inhibited at depths greater than 8 cm. The addition of maize straw caused a linear reduction in seedling emergence, although the rate of reduction varied among the populations. The results of this study have contributed to understanding the requirements of A. tauschii germination and emergence and optimising an integrated management system for this weed in Huang–Huai–Hai Plain of China. In addition, our study provides data for development of models to predict the geographical distribution of this weed.  相似文献   

14.
Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Thielaviopsis paradoxa, Colletotrichum musae, C. gloeosporioides, Fusarium verticillioides, and F. oxysporum were screened in vitro for sensitivity to Na2CO3, NaHCO3, CaCl2, NaCl, and NaClO. The spore germination of all pathogens was completely inhibited by Na2CO3 4g/l, NaClO 5g/l, and NaHCO3, CaCl2, and NaCl 6g/l each. Dipping the bananas for 10–15min in these concentrations reduced the incidence of crown rot (compared with the untreated fruits) 17 days after harvest in fruits treated with NaClO by 67%, with NaHCO3 by 62%, with NaCl by 38%, and with CaCl2 by 33%. Na2CO3-treated fruits had the same incidence of crown rot as untreated fruits.  相似文献   

15.
为明确硫化氢对盐胁迫下加工番茄种子萌发的缓解作用,用Na Cl半致死浓度为85 mmol·L~(-1)的KT-63(耐盐性弱)和半致死浓度为120 mmol·L~(-1)的KT-18(耐盐性强)为材料,用各自的半致死浓度与不同浓度的NaHS(0.2,0.4,0.6,1.0 mmol·L~(-1))分别配成混合液处理种子。结果表明,随着NaHS浓度的增加,种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、SOD、POD、CAT活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中与盐胁迫单独处理相比,用0.4mmol·L~(-1)NaHS处理,种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、SOD、POD、CAT活性在KT-63中分别提升70%、250%、120%、130%、6.7%、150%和180%,在KT-18中分别提升50%、250%、60%、80%、4.3%、160%和200%,而MDA的含量显著降低,并且对KT-63的缓解效应强于KT-18。综上所述,H2S(0.4 mmol·L~(-1))有效缓解了加工番茄萌发过程中盐胁迫的抑制作用,促进了种子的萌发。  相似文献   

16.
Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are parasitic weeds that cause significant losses of crop yield. Experiments were conducted to investigate the seed response to the artificial germination stimulant GR24 in three species of Orobanche subjected to preconditioning under various temperatures, water potentials and with plant growth regulators. The highest germination percentages were observed in Orobanche ramosa, Orobanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche minor seeds conditioned at 18°C for 7 days followed by germination stimulation at 18°C. With the increase of the conditioning period (7, 14, 21 and 28 days), the germination percentage of O. ramosa and O. aegyptiaca progressively decreased. When conditioned at −2 MPa, the germination percentage was lower than at 0 and −1 MPa, especially at 13 and 28°C. Orobanche minor seeds could retain relatively high germination if conditioned at 18, 23 or 28°C, even after significantly extended conditioning periods (up to 84 days). GA3 (30–100 mg L−1), norflurazon and fluridone (10–100 mg L−1), and brassinolide (0.5–1.0 mg L−1) increased seed germination, while 0.01 mg L−1 uniconazole significantly reduced germination rates of all three Orobanche spp. The promotional effects of GA3 and norflurazon and the inhibitory effect of uniconazole were evident, even when they were treated for 3 days. Germination of Orobanche seeds was much lower when the unconditioned seeds were directly exposed to GR24 at 10−6 m . This early GR24-induced inhibition was however alleviated or even eliminated by the inclusion of GA3 or norflurazon (10–50 mg L−1) in the conditioning medium. On the contrary, the inclusion of uniconazole increased the inhibitory effect of GR24, particularly in the case of O. ramosa.  相似文献   

17.
Sesamum mulayanum is a wild relative of cultivated sesame, Sesamum indicum, and sometimes grows in sesame crop fields as an associated weed. This species shows deep seed dormancy and is characterized by conspicuous purple pigmentation on the lower lip of the corolla. The present study examined the inheritance mode of seed dormancy by using reciprocal progeny from crosses between the two species. The seeds of S. indicum and F1 (S. indicum×S. mulayanum) showed good germination, but those of S. mulayanum and F1 (S. mulayanum×S. indicum) showed deep dormancy. The F2 seeds from both reciprocal crosses showed deep dormancy. These results, combined with the maternal inheritance of seed‐coat characteristics, indicated that the seed dormancy of S. mulayanum can be attributed to its seed‐coat structure (coat‐enhanced dormancy). The F3 (S. indicum×S. mulayanum) seeds varied in their depth of seed dormancy and those seeds with deep dormancy (<50% germination) and those with no or shallow dormancy (≥50% germination) occurred in the expected ratio of 3:1, indicating that this trait is polygenic but is controlled by a single dominant major gene. The purple pigmentation of the corolla was expressed in both reciprocal F1 plants and the presence and absence of pigmentation was segregated among the F2 plants at the expected ratio of 3:1, indicating that this trait is also controlled by a single dominant gene. The segregation of the major gene controlling seed dormancy and that controlling purple pigmentation was not independent (9:3:3:1), indicating that these genes are linked, providing insights on sesame domestication.  相似文献   

18.
本研究采用双因素组合实验,探讨盐(NaCl)、干旱(PEG 6000)对费尔干猪毛菜(Salsola ferganica)种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果显示:①费尔干猪毛菜种子萌发能耐受较高浓度NaCl和PEG胁迫。低浓度NaCl或PEG胁迫下,费尔干猪毛菜去翅种子和具翅种子萌发率与对照无显著差异,高浓度NaCl或PEG处理下,去翅种子萌发率35%以上,显示较强的耐盐、耐旱性;盐旱耦合处理下,不同低浓度PEG能够显著缓解中浓度NaCl对种子萌发的抑制作用。②随NaCl浓度升高,具翅种子恢复萌发率逐渐上升,而去翅种子则维持较低水平;随着PEG浓度的升高,2种种子恢复萌发能力显著降低;盐旱耦合处理下2种种子的恢复萌发率与NaCl胁迫具有相同趋势。③NaCl或PEG对去翅种子幼苗的影响比具翅种子强,特别是PEG处理;随NaCl或PEG浓度升高,2种种子幼苗的株高和根长均降低;盐旱耦合处理下低浓度NaCl对去翅种子幼苗的影响比具翅种子小(除了100 mmol·L^-1NaCl+25 g·L^-1PEG处理),中浓度NaCl对去翅种子幼苗的影响比具翅种子强,高浓度NaCl处理下随PEG浓度升高,2种种子幼苗的株高和根长均降低。以上结果显示,费尔干猪毛菜在萌发期和幼苗期具有较强的耐盐耐旱性,盐旱耦合在一定程度上能够缓解盐离子毒害效应,这对其度过早期恶劣环境具有重要的生态学意义;果翅对种子在胁迫下进入次级休眠,从而补充土壤种子库起到重要作用。  相似文献   

19.
Solanum americanum Mill. is a weed that occurs with a number of crops, and it is known for its high seed production and its staggered germination. The objective of this work was to evaluate the germination behavior of S. americanum seeds under the influence of chemical and environmental factors. In the laboratory, we tested the effect on germination of (i) constant and alternating temperatures, (ii) seed washing, (iii) exposure time and concentration of chemical treatments and (iv) seeding depth and soil covered with plant residue on seedling emergence. The variables analyzed were germination percentage, germination rate index, seedling emergence and length of the seedlings. The results indicated that alternating temperatures are the main way to promote germination of S. americanum; however, chemical treatments can help to increase the germination percentage and rate index. There was no increase in germination with seed washing, with the exception of KNO3 application. A GA3 concentration of 0.84 g L?1 and an exposure time of 21.22 h in 0.2% of KNO3 promoted the highest germination of S. americanum. Germination occurs when seeds remain on the soil surface and are not covered by crop residue.  相似文献   

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