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1.
在利用芸芥自交不亲和系途径开展育种研究的过程中,为了避免在人工试配组合时,双亲蕾期杂交结籽率较好,但在自然隔离条件下配制杂交种时出现双亲花期交配不亲和的现象,本试验对10份芸芥进行了系内株间和系间的完全双列杂交,同时对自交不亲和基因的表达器官进行了DDRT-PCR扩增研究。结果表明,芸芥1、芸芥3、芸芥5、芸芥6、芸芥8、芸芥9和芸芥13这7份材料系内株间异交和套袋自交的亲和指数均小于1,即表现为不亲和性,说明这些材料属于S等位基因纯合的不亲和系;而芸芥2、芸芥4和芸芥10这三份材料系内株间异交和套袋自交时,呈现出不亲和性不稳定的现象,即一部分杂交表现为亲和,另一部分杂交表现为不亲和,说明这3份材料的自交不亲和性尚未稳定。DDRT-PCR扩增结果表明,芸芥自交不亲和S基因只在柱头组织中表达,其属于组织特异性表达。因此,在利用自交不亲和系途径培育一代杂种时,在农艺学性状和自交不亲和性基本稳定时,有必要进一步测定自交不亲和系S等位基因的纯合性和基因型,这一工作可以有效地指导育种实践。 相似文献
2.
欧亚种葡萄自交F1代对白粉病和霜霉病的抗性遗传 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用田间自然鉴定、田间接种鉴定及室内离体叶圆片接种鉴定三种方法,研究了10个欧亚种葡萄品种(系)、一个欧山杂种及其493株自交后代幼苗对葡萄霜霉病及白粉病的抗性及遗传关系,同时对其自交后代抗白粉病和霜霉病的遗传趋势进行了分析.结果表明,供试品种(系)及其自交后代对霜霉病与白粉病的抗性存在极显著相关,自交后代对两病表现伴随遗传现象,初步推断这可能是由葡萄抗病基因的多效性引起.在欧亚种葡萄品种自交后代群体中,虽然90%以上都是感病性中等或高的类型,但仍能够得到一定比例(10%以下)抗病性强的类型,这为利用欧亚种葡萄品种进行自交或品种间杂交选育优质抗病新品种提供了依据. 相似文献
3.
不同生态区8种芸芥根系生物量的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过管栽模拟试验,研究了不同生态区8个芸芥类型(高抗旱类型的会宁芸芥、陇西芸芥,中抗旱类型的张北芸芥、Varomin芸芥、兴和芸芥、和田芸芥,低抗旱类型的西凉芸芥、四川芸芥)的根系生长情况。结果表明:芸芥根系生物量的垂直层次分布模型可用多项式y=a bx cx2 dx3描述;会宁、陇西、兴和、西凉芸芥与张北、和田、Varomin、四川芸芥的各参数值(a、b、c、d)总体相差较大且根系总生物量、各层次的生物量和根/冠比前者均低于后者;各层次根系生物量的百分含量也呈现不同的垂直变化规律。无论是总的还是各层次的根系生物量,强抗旱芸芥类型的趋于中等大小,中抗芸芥类型的有大也有小,低抗芸芥类型的均较大。 相似文献
4.
26份芸芥种质的耐盐性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确26份芸芥种质的耐盐性差异,本试验采用6个不同浓度盐溶液,包括0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% 和 1.0% NaCl处理芽期芸芥,测定了发芽率、胚根长等指标;筛选出0.6%、0.8% NaCl溶液处理苗期芸芥,测定了幼苗生长及耐盐生理相关指标,并采用模糊数学隶属函数法评价不同芸芥材料的耐盐性。 结果表明：(1) 0.6%盐胁迫所造成的芸芥萌发抑制率接近50%,0.8%盐胁迫基本造成了生长的停滞(发芽率8%),因此认为这两个浓度是盐胁迫抑制芸芥生长的阈值。(2) 随着盐浓度的增加,正常种苗率变小,其均值变化为57.62%～34.45%;苗高、根长、根鲜重、苗鲜重均下降,其中各指标的变幅分别为0.99～0.77 cm,0.69～0.44 cm,0.0034～0.0023 g,0.0244～0.0176 g。(3) 根据隶属函数总平均值大小将参试材料进行耐盐性分类：耐盐性较强的材料（0.6133≤隶属值总平均值≤0.7261）,包括08武芸3-1等;耐盐性中等的材料（0.4274≤隶属值总平均值≤0.5911）,包括临洮芸芥等;耐盐性较弱的材料（0.3894≤隶属值总平均值≤0.0280）,包括13芸芥68-3等。(4) 耐盐材料中游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均显著高于耐盐性较差的材料。总之,26份芸芥种质材料对NaCl溶液胁迫的耐受性存在明显差异,通过模糊数学隶属函数法综合苗期各指标筛选出的耐盐材料,可进一步用于耐盐育种与耐盐基因挖掘。 相似文献
5.
春小麦品系‘MY002894’和‘YJ006793’对小麦条锈病具有成株期抗性?本研究分析了这2个品系成株期抗条锈病基因遗传规律, 促进其有效利用?通过‘MY002894’与‘Taichung 29’(T29)抗-感杂交和‘MY002894’与‘YJ006793’抗-抗杂交构建F2∶3代分离群体, 在青海省农林科学院植物保护研究所小麦条锈病自然病圃进行了两年的抗病表型鉴定?遗传分析结果显示, ‘MY002894’与‘T29’ F2∶3杂交群体卡方测验符合7R∶9S的抗感分离比, 表明‘MY002894’中含有2对独立作用的隐性成株期抗条锈病基因; ‘MY002894’与‘YJ006793’F2∶3群体卡方测验符合55R∶9S的抗感分离比, 表明‘MY002894’与‘YJ006793’杂交F2∶3杂交群体对条锈病的抗性由1对显性基因2对隐性基因独立控制?由于‘MY002894’中有2对独立作用的隐性成株期抗条锈病基因, 推测‘YJ006793’中可能含有1对显性成株期抗条锈病基因? 相似文献
6.
采用黄瓜花叶病毒((CMV)亚组Ⅰ株系Fny-CMV及亚组Ⅱ株系Ls-CMV的RNA2的特定序列片段的cDNA克隆,体外转录,同时掺入32P标记制备负链RNA探针,再与纯化的甜椒上的CMV中国分离物的RNA进行杂交,检测其与探针之间的同源性。共检测样品分离物3份。试验结果表明:河南新乡和北京密云的CMV甜椒分离物与Fny-CMV的核苷酸有高度同源性,隶属于Fny-CMV为代表的亚组Ⅰ株系。来自福建的样品与亚组Ⅱ的Ls-CMV株系有高度同源性,隶属于CMV亚组Ⅱ株系。本试验同时利用源于我国CMV亚组Ⅰ的K株系的RNA2两个EcoR Ⅰ位点间1657-2125 nt的核苷酸序列为探针,同样与以上3份CMV中国分离物进行RNA杂交,进一步比较分析了这几个分离物与我国亚组Ⅰ的K-CMV株系的关系,证明了我国CMV存在亚组与株系分化。 相似文献
7.
甘蔗褐锈病是一种重要的世界性甘蔗病害, 可造成巨大的经济损失?为明确甘蔗属长齿蔗茅‘云滇95-19’和‘云滇95-20’对甘蔗褐锈病的抗性遗传规律, 采用自交方法分别获得‘云滇95-19’和‘云滇95-20’自交F1代, 对亲本及其自交F1代进行了抗褐锈病基因Bru1的检测和褐锈病抗性鉴定?研究结果表明, ‘云滇95-19’和‘云滇95-20’及其自交F1代均未检测到Bru1基因, 两个自交F1代群体对褐锈病的抗性均出现了明显的3∶1的分离比, 证实了‘云滇95-19’和‘云滇95-20’对甘蔗褐锈病的抗性均由一对新的显性基因控制?本研究为挖掘和利用长齿蔗茅抗褐锈病基因资源奠定了基础, 对今后抗褐锈病品种的选育具有重要意义? 相似文献
8.
小麦新抗源CH223抗条锈性的遗传分析及细胞学鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用条中(CYR)30、31、32和33号对小麦抗病新品系CH223及其亲本进行抗性评价,分析其对条中32号的抗性遗传方式,并研究其细胞学特征。结果显示,CH223苗期和成株期对上述4个生理小种表现出免疫或近免疫的抗性水平,并具有与其抗性供体TAI7047及其野生亲本中间偃麦草相似的抗病反应型;抗×感的F1代均为免疫,反应型为0~0;型,且F2、F2:3、BC1代的抗、感分离比均符合1对显性基因控制的分离模式;CH223及其与小麦品种"中国春"等杂种F1的染色体数目均为2n=42,绝大多数的花粉母细胞具有2n=21Ⅱ的配对构型,并能与小麦染色体完好配对。说明CH223不含较大的外源染色体片段,是一个携带偃麦草抗条锈病基因的隐形异源渐渗系,对条中32号的成株抗性受1对显性核基因控制。 相似文献
9.
Ht2背景下玉米对大斑病菌1号小种抗性基因的表达差异研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以玉米自交系黄早四和黄早四Ht2近等基因型系为材料,利用cDNA-AFLP差异显示方法,分析玉米抗大斑病Ht2相关基因受大斑病菌1号小种胁迫后的差异表达情况。用筛选的70对引物在黄早四Ht2中扩增出76个差异显示片段,对差异条带回收、克隆和测序,并在NCBI上进行BLAST分析,有52个在GenBank中发现相似性较高、功能已知的EST序列,按其功能分为以下8类:基础能量代谢、跨膜运输蛋白、抗逆或抗病相关蛋白、蛋白质代谢、染色体组成蛋白及DNA复制和转录中的蛋白、信号传导、生长发育调控因子和转录因子,而其中以参与基础能量代谢的基因和抗逆或抗病相关基因所占比例较大。功能已知的52个差异表达片段在玉米1～9号染色体上均有分布,且在非亲和互作前期(6h)主要是一些信号相关基因的表达,12h表达的基因多属于抗病反应初期阶段的相关基因,与防卫有关的基因主要在48～72h表达,生长发育类基因在所检测的非亲和互作的不同阶段均表现作用,在非亲和互作后期主要是蛋白质代谢基因的表达。 相似文献
10.
稻瘟病菌附着胞差异表达基因文库的构建方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用抑制性差减杂交方法构建了稻瘟病菌分生孢子接种24h所形成的附着胞差异表达基因文库。采用复印胶片诱导稻瘟病菌附着胞形成,在孢子浓度为1.0×106个/mL时,附着胞的形成率达到96.5%。分别提取附着胞、菌丝和分生孢子RNA,反转录成cDNA并经Alu Ⅰ酶切、接头连接后,以附着胞cDNA片段为tester,菌丝及分生孢子cDNA为driver进行抑制性差减杂交,构建成差减文库。从文库中分离获得142个基因片段,通过RT-PCR方法鉴定其中的71个为差异表达基因,证实文库高效可靠。构建优质的稻瘟病菌附着胞差异表达基因差减文库,为深入了解附着胞形成过程中基因的表达及功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
11.
Antonio P. Brusamarello Paulo H. Oliveira Michelangelo M. Trezzi Taciane Finatto Fortunato D. B. Pagnoncelli Jr Ribas A. Vidal 《Weed Research》2020,60(4):278-286
Euphorbia heterophylla populations endued with resistance to both imazethapyr (an acetolactate synthase inhibitor) and fomesafen (a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor) were first detected in Brazil in 2004. The objectives of this study were to determine the number and dominance of genes conferring imazethapyr and fomesafen resistance in E. heterophylla and to establish the types of inheritance of the resistance traits. It was hypothesised that two dominant nuclear genes control this herbicide resistance and each gene confers resistance to a single herbicide. We crossed a susceptible (S) and a multiple-resistant (R) E. heterophylla biotype and generated F1 families which, in turn, were self-fertilised to produce F2 families. Backcrosses of the F1 families with the S- and R parental biotypes resulted in BCs and BCr families respectively. The F1, F2, BCs and BCr families and the S and R parental biotypes were subjected to imazethapyr and fomesafen wherein each herbicide was used as a selecting agent. F1 plants and the S- and R parental biotypes were used to evaluate the dominance of the resistance trait in multiple-dose bioassays with imazethapyr and fomesafen. The observed frequencies of resistant plants in the F1, F2, BCs and BCr families did not significantly differ from the expected frequencies for a resistance trait regulated by two dominant genes in which each gene confers resistance to a single herbicide. The lack of difference in herbicide response between the F1 family and the R parental biotype was taken as evidence for completely dominant resistance to imazethapyr and fomesafen. Herbicide resistance in E. heterophylla presents with dominant monogenic nuclear inheritance for each herbicide mode of action. Our findings underscore the necessity and urgency of adopting integrated strategies to control E. heterophylla and to inhibit the evolution of new herbicide-resistant strains. 相似文献
12.
三个小麦-簇毛麦易位系抗条锈性遗传及基因间关系分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用8个我国当前流行的条锈菌生理小种(菌系)对三个易位系进行抗锈性评价,并用CYR30、CYR31、Su-4和单孢菌系CYR32-6对三个易位系与感病品种铭贤169配制的F1、BC,1F1和F2代株系以及三个易位系之间双列杂交的F2株系进行遗传分析和等位性分析.结果表明:三个易位系是优秀的小麦抗条锈病资源;V9128-1对CYR30、CYR32-6和Su-4的抗病性由1对显性基因控制,对CYR31的抗病性由1显1隐2对基因独立控制,V9128-3对四个菌系的抗病性均由1对显性基因控制,V3对CYR32-6和Su-4的抗病性均由2对显性基因互补作用控制,对CYR31的抗病性由1显1隐2对基因独立控制或由1对显性基因控制;V9128-1与V9128-3对CYR31、CYR32-6和Su-4有相同或紧密连锁的抗病基因,且对CYR30、CYR32-6和Su-4的抗病基因与V3都不同.但与V3含有相同或紧密连锁的抗CYR31基因. 相似文献
13.
普通小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系M97抗条锈基因的遗传分析和分子作图 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了明确M97抗条锈性遗传规律,在苗期用7个小麦条锈菌系对M97与感病品种铭贤169的杂交后代F1、F2、F3和BC1代进行抗条锈性遗传分析,并对M97抗Sun11-4的抗条锈基因进行SSR分子标记。M97对Sun11-4和Sun11-11的抗病性均由1对显性基因控制,对CY29、CY30、CY33的抗病性由1显1隐2对基因共同控制,对CY31的抗病性由2对显性基因独立或重叠作用控制。以接种Sun11-4的F2代分离群体构建作图群体,筛选到Xwmc222、Xwmc147、Xbarc229和Xwmc339等4个与抗病基因连锁的SSR标记,其遗传距离分别为3.4、4.8、7.6和12.1 cM。将该抗病基因定位于小麦1DS染色体,且该基因不同于已知的抗条锈基因,暂命名为YrM97。用YrM97两侧遗传距离最近的2个标记Xwmc222和Xwmc147对42个黄淮麦区主栽小麦品种进行分子检测,仅有9.5%的品种具有与YrM97相同的标记位点。 相似文献
14.
以Taichung29为背景的小麦抗条锈病近等基因系转育进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
自1988年起,系统开展了以Taichung29为背景的小麦抗条锈病近等基因系转育及其基础性研究。采用回交法和系谱法相结合的转育方法,以春性品种Taichung29为轮回亲本作母本,分别与25个抗性供体即中国小麦条锈病菌鉴别寄主和国际上重要的抗条锈基因载体品种杂交、回交和自交。通过基因推导分析、单体分析和SSR标记技术检测目的基因,选育抗条锈近等基因系,现已获得重要进展,成功选育出8个以Taichung29为背景的抗条锈病单基因近等基因系,即Taichung29*6／Yr1、Taichung29*6／Yr2、Taichung29*6／Yr5、Taichung29*6／Yr7、Taichung29*6/Yr9、Taichung29*6／Yr10、Taichung29*6/YrSpP、Taichung29*6/YrKy2。另有9个组合转育获得343个抗性稳定株系,正检测其目的基因,3个组合转至BC6F3,自交纯合筛选抗性稳定株系,5个组合转至BC5,继续回交转育。 相似文献
15.
小麦抗赤霉病3B-QTL和6B-QTL的遗传互作模式分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确来自抗赤霉病的小麦品种望水白的2个主效抗扩展3B-QTL和6B-QTL的抗性遗传和互作模式,基于分子标记辅助选择方法,构建了回交分离群体,以病小穗数(NDS)和病轴长(LDR)为鉴定指标,采用单花滴注接种法对携带3B-QTL和6B-QTL的BC_3F_1、BC_3F_2、BC_3F_3世代以及抗感对照进行了抗赤霉病扩展的表型鉴定和评价。结果表明,3B-QTL和6B-QTL在烟农19和矮抗58不同的背景中,杂合基因型与纯合望水白基因型之间的NDS和LDR差异显著;携带3B-QTL和6B-QTL株系的抗扩展性与只含有单个3B-QTL的株系无显著差异,但显著高于只携带单个6B-QTL株系的抗性,抗感分离比经卡方检验符合4∶3∶9的分离比例,遵循2个独立孟德尔遗传因子控制的隐性遗传模式,且3B-QTL隐性上位于6B-QTL。研究表明,望水白的3B-QTL和6B-QTL抗扩展效应强且稳定,可以作为抗赤霉病基因资源在育种实践中充分利用。 相似文献
16.
Amparo C. Martínez-Ramírez Baltasar Escriche M. Dolores Real Francisco J. Silva Juan Ferr 《Pest management science》1995,43(2):115-120
Inheritance of resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. CryIA(b) crystal protein was studied in Plutella xylostella L. (diamondback moth). A field population 50-fold more resistant to CryIA(b) than a control susceptible strain was used. Dose-mortality curves of the resistant population, the susceptible strain and the F1 from the two reciprocal crosses were compared. Resistance transmission to the F1 was dependent on the sex of the resistant progenitor. Sex ratio of the survivors to high doses of CryIA(b) in the F1 of the two reciprocal crosses did not corroborate the preliminary hypothesis of resistance being due to a recessive sex-linked allele. Since, in a previous work, the loss of CryIA(b) binding capacity of resistant insects had been demonstrated, binding to midgut tissue sections from F1 individuals was also analysed. The presence of binding in all of the F1 preparations showed that, at least, a recessive autosomal allele was responsible for the loss of binding capacity in the resistant population. 相似文献
17.
Downy mildew resistance was previously identified from screening a Brassica oleracea collection against two standard UK isolates of Hyaloperonospora parasitica. Sources of resistance were chosen from this material and developed further in this study by generating doubled haploid (DH) and inbred lines. Seedlings from the new lines were tested for resistance to a larger collection of H. parasitica isolates collected in 2001–2002 and 2007–2008 from the main broccoli and cauliflower production regions of the UK. Three lines (derived from borecole or summer cabbage) were broadly resistant to the pathogen isolates. Three of the remaining lines exhibited strong isolate‐specific resistance; several examples of weak or basal level of resistance to some isolates were observed. A new H. parasitica variant collected in 2008 was virulent in the broadly resistant lines, but was avirulent in a line with narrow specificity of resistance. The F2 and BC1 seedlings derived from outcrossing each of the three broadly resistant lines to susceptible broccoli and cauliflower lines segregated in a manner indicating that the resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene. No susceptibility was observed amongst F2 seedlings derived from intercrossing the three resistant lines, indicating that they all share the same or closely linked broad‐spectrum resistance gene(s). DH lines were produced from F1 plants, and resistant plants were further backcrossed to produce broccoli and cauliflower‐like lines that could be useful pre‐breeding material. A combination of resistance from lines with broad and narrow specificity is recommended for controlling downy mildew in UK brassica production. 相似文献
18.
Even though the bacterial wilt is identified as the most destructive disease in hot peppers world-wide, robust molecular markers that facilitate marker assisted selection are absent till date. Kerala Agricultural University (India) has released two hot peppers named Ujwala and Anugraha which show high level field resistance to this pathogen. The variety Anugraha was developed through backcross breeding between a high yielding but highly susceptible variety Pusa Jwala with the highly resistant Ujwala, using Pusa Jwala as a recurrent parent. Thus, Pusa Jwala and Anugraha are near isogenic lines (NILs) differing for the resistance to bacterial wilt only and the resistance is governed by a homozygous recessive (rr) gene action. The F1s of Anugraha × Pusa Jwala were selfed to generate the segregating F2 population. The F2 population has been field screened, 10 highly susceptible and 10 most resistant plants were identified and DNA from these plants were bulked separately. Bulked segregant analysis with AFLP primer combination EcoACT + MseCAC was done using the DNA from donor parent Ujwala, susceptible parent Pusa Jwala, resistant parent Anugraha, bulked susceptible F2 and bulked resistant F2 plants. On resolution using capillary electrophoresis system in genetic analyzer, the AFLP products have yielded three polymorphic bands (103, 117, and 161 bp) which were linked with the resistant recessive allele and three polymorphic bands (183, 296, 319 bp) linked with the dominant susceptible allele of the bacterial wilt resistance gene. The results were confirmed through co-segregation analysis in most resistant and susceptible plants of F2 segregating population. 相似文献
19.
Hybridisation between wheat and Aegilops geniculata was quantified in a 4‐year crossing experiment in the glasshouse, using three wheat cultivars as pollen donors and herbicide resistance as a phenotypic marker. Hybridisation rates ranged from 5% to 74%. Most of the hybrids were self‐sterile. However, seven F2 seeds were obtained from 165 A. geniculata–wheat hybrids. Hybrid seeds were found in all backcross (BC1) combinations at average rates of 4.2% (0–26.3%) and 5.88% (0–34%) under glasshouse and field experiments, respectively, with significant differences among years and cultivars. Wheat cultivars, F1 and BC1 plants, were resistant to herbicides while A. geniculata plants were susceptible. In the subsequent generations, although few plants were available, the BC1F1 had a certain degree of fertility and the fertility increased in the F2 plants, with one plant that reached 66.7%. The commercial growing of genetically modified herbicide‐tolerant wheat is expected to have the potential for the inserted gene to escape from the crop and become incorporated in a closely related wild species, conferring a competitive advantage to these conferring weeds. Determining the frequency of crop‐wild transgene flow and the fertility of the formed hybrids is a necessity for risk assessment. Data presented here provide new knowledge on the potential A. geniculata–wheat herbicide resistance transfer. 相似文献
20.
Inheritance of Resistance to Stenocarpella macrospora (Earle) Ear Rot of Maize in the Mid-altitude Zone of Nigeria 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Rabiu Olatinwo Kitty Cardwell Abebe Menkir Mike Deadman Angela Julian 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(6):535-543
Inheritance of resistance to Stenocarpella macrospora (Earle) Sutton (syn. Diplodia macrospora Earle) ear rot of maize was studied among selected maize populations in the mid-altitude (1280m) agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. Diallel analysis among the populations showed significant values for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects at 5% and 1% levels respectively. Variance components of GCA and SCA on Stenocarpella ear rot were 0.019 and 0.627 respectively, indicating that non-additive genes play major roles in the inheritance of Stenocarpella ear rot resistance.The GCA and SCA effects were relatively dependent on the materials involved in the evaluations. Generation mean analysis was used on five selected parent inbreds (2 resistance and 3 susceptible crossed to give P1, P2, F1, BC1, BC2 and F2 generations). Estimates of the six parameters on ear rot indicate that dominance gene effects made the major contribution to variation in ear rot of maize in the crosses studied. The magnitude and significance of the estimates for digenic effects in the crosses suggest that epistatic gene effects are present and important in the basic mechanism of Stenocarpella ear rot inheritance in the populations studied. Additive effects have only minor importance in the total variation. 相似文献