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1.
Site-specific management units (SSMUs) are fundamental for the implementation of Precision Turfgrass Management. Short-term spatiotemporal variations of soil compaction and turfgrass vigor may be dynamic during a dry down period on natural turfgrass sports fields. This is due to the inverse relationship between soil compaction and soil moisture/drought stress, which may impact SSMU delineation and identification of site-specific deficient areas within a field. The spatiotemporal change of soil moisture, soil compaction, and turfgrass vigor SSMUs [as measured by volumetric water content (VWC), penetration resistance, and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI)] were evaluated three times during a dry down from rainfall on native soil and sand capped natural turfgrass sports fields. The relationship of penetration resistance and NDVI with VWC was strongest and only significant on the native soil field during the dry down period. In general, as the fields dried, the magnitude of VWC SSMUs and NDVI SSMUs decreased, while the magnitude of penetration resistance SSMUs increased. This phenomenon was more drastic on the native soil field. Significant changes in spatial distributions were observed for VWC SSMUs and penetration resistance SSMUs on the native soil field; however, minimal changes were reported on the sand capped field. The spatial distributions of NDVI SSMUs were minimal on both fields. It is concluded that short-term spatiotemporal variations of SSMUs on sports fields during a dry down can be significant and considerations should be made prior to sampling based on the objective. 相似文献
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El-Naggar A. G. Hedley C. B. Roudier P. Horne D. Clothier B. E. 《Precision Agriculture》2021,22(4):1045-1066
Soil water content (θ) measurement is vital for accurate irrigation scheduling. Electromagnetic induction surveys can be used to map spatial variability of θ when other soil properties are uniform. However, depth-specific θ variations, essential for precision irrigation management, have been less investigated using this method. A quasi-2-dimensional inversion model, capable of inverting apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) data to calculate estimates of true electrical conductivity (σ) down the entire soil profile, was developed using ECa data collected by a multi-coil Dualem-421S sensor. The optimal relationships between σ and volumetric water content (θv) were established using all coil arrays of the Dualem-421S, a damping factor of 0.04, an initial model of 35 mSm?1, and with ten iterations (R2?=?0.70, bias?=?0.00 cm3cm?3, RMSE?=?0.04 cm3cm?3). These relationships were then used to derive soil profile images of these properties, and as expected, θv and σ follow similar trends down the soil profile. The derived soil profile images for θv have potential use for irrigation scheduling to two ECa-derived soil management zones under a variable rate irrigation system at this case study site. They reflect the intrinsic soil differences that occur between texture, texture transitions and drainage characteristics. The method can also be used to guide placement of soil moisture sensors for in-season monitoring of spatio-temporal variations of θv. This soil imaging method showed good potential for predicting 2D depth profiles of soil texture, moisture and drainage characteristics, and supporting soil, plant and irrigation management.
相似文献3.
Spatial and temporal variation of soil, climate, plants and irrigation requirements are challenges for modern agriculture
and complex turfgrass sites. Precision agriculture (PA) evolved to improve site-specific management based on obtaining site-specific
information. The focus of this concept paper is on the emerging area of precision turfgrass management (PTM) with attention
given to: (a) comparing the concepts of PTM and PA in terms of driving forces and challenges that must be addressed for PTM
to progress in science and practice and (b) discussion of specific field mapping applications (purposes) for different turfgrass
situations such as golf courses, sod production fields and sports fields. The field applications relate to site-specific management
of irrigation, salinity, fertilizer application and cultivation. To illustrate the potential for PTM, different approaches
that may be necessary for PTM compared to PA are discussed. The initial factor that hindered the adoption of PTM has been
the lack of mobile sensor platforms that can determine both key soil and plant properties for turfgrass situations. This paper
concentrates on PTM field applications that involve mapping of both soil and plant attributes, in contrast to only optical
sensing mapping. 相似文献
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[目的]了解土壤含水量与降水的关系,为防涝抗旱提供依据.[方法]对濉溪县2011-2012年逐日土壤含水量时空变化及其与降水量的关系进行相关分析.[结果]0～60 cm土壤含水量与深度二次曲线相关,低点随含水量增加而下移;20～30、60～100 cm土层含水量与月度二次曲线相关.入渗深度与过程降水量、雨前表土层含水量正相关,入渗速度与雨前表土层含水量负相关,雨后耕层含水量与入渗深度正相关.雨后表土层含水量及变化与雨前表土层含水量和降水量对数正相关,雨后10～20 cm土层含水量及变化与雨前10～20 cm土层含水量和降水量正相关.[结论]濉溪县常年降水量略有不足,要补充灌溉,抓住有利时机实施人工增雨作业. 相似文献
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[目的]为了掌握贵阳市烟田主要土壤水分变化动态,为烟田灌溉提供理论依据。[方法]分别对自然条件下不同李节、不同土层深度和坡度的自然降雨土壤水分动态进行研究。[结果]贵阳烟区在烤烟旺长期和成熟前期阶段性的土壤含水量是亏缺的,将限制烟叶产质量提高;成熟后期0～40cm土层土壤含水量最高,伸根期变幅最小,旺长期各土层的土壤含水量最低;受烤烟根系吸水综合作用的影响,层深15cm的土壤受地表蒸发的影响强烈,而层深30cm的土层正是烤烟根系密集区域,受根系的吸水影响较大;坡度可加大地表径流的作用,减少雨水的就地入渗量,降低烟地的蓄水量、保水量。[结论]自然雨养烟田土壤含水量呈浅“V”型,控水烟田土壤含水量呈倒“V”型,说明烟田抗旱能力随坡度增加而减低,在干旱季节旺长期和成熟期适量补水有利于烤烟产量的形成和品质的提升。 相似文献
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种植玉米与休闲对土壤水分和矿质态氮的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
【目的】研究不同种植模式下，农田土壤水分和矿质态氮的动态及其相互关系，对优化作物种植方式和养分资源管理，调控农田土壤硝态氮淋溶有重要意义。【方法】在黄土高原南部有大量氮素残留背景的田块上，研究了夏季多雨季节，种植作物与休闲对土壤水分与矿质氮的影响。【结果】在降水（含灌水82 mm）364 mm的夏季，休闲可使0～200 cm土层的贮水量达到600 mm，比播种前高204 mm，比种植作物高39 mm。种植作物的土壤水分可下渗至180 cm深的土层，休闲土壤中则可下渗到260 cm深处。种植作物时0～200 cm土层的硝态氮残留量为78 kg·ha-1，比休闲时减少89 kg·ha-1，且硝态氮主要分布在60 cm以上的土层。休闲时硝态氮却被淋到了220 cm深的土层。【结论】硝态氮向下层土壤的移动显著滞后于水分，夏季种植玉米可有效防止硝态氮向下层土壤的淋移。 相似文献
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河西绿洲灌区小麦灌溉预报模型的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用土壤含水量的平衡计算模型和土壤水分指数,结合气象资料,对河西绿洲灌区小麦实际蒸散量和农田土壤水分动态变化进行了模拟分析.结果表明,实际观测值与Penman-Monteith公式修正计算值之间误差比较小,水面蒸发量与作物蒸散量的数学模拟之间的线性关系很明显,相关性很高.因此,该模型可以用于灌水时间的预报. 相似文献
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陕西礼泉苹果林地和麦地土壤含水量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据对陕西礼泉县城郊苹果林和小麦地含水量的测定,研究了不同土地利用方式下土壤含水量的差异。结果表明,礼泉10龄和10龄以上苹果林地土层含水量较低,2m以下土层含水量一般低于12%,发育了长期性轻度土壤干层;麦地平均含水量普遍较高,没有土壤干层发育,但春季2m以上的土层含水量较低,有季节性干层发育。苹果树的种植造成了土层含水量明显降低,表明研究地区的降水量对苹果林的生长有一定的制约,可通过减少果树种植密度、增大行间距、适度溉频等途径减少苹果林地土壤干层可能带来的不利影响。在降水少的情况下需要及时对麦地采取灌溉措施,减少季节性干层造成的损失。 相似文献
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对玉米的降水量少,水资源绝对量小,降水量多,但变率大,降水集中、水土流失较重,冬春蒸发大、土壤保墒困难区等4种旱区类型及其抗旱机理进行了系统介绍,并在此基础上分析和总结了旱作玉米节水灌溉技术,以期为我国玉米的抗旱性研究及节水灌溉技术的发展提供依据。 相似文献
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为实现实时准确的墒情预报,以北京市延庆区为例,利用在该地区获取的2012—2016年5年的系列土壤墒情和气象数据,对土壤墒情预测模型进行了对比研究。通过相关性分析选取时段初墒值W_0、降雨、湿度、气温、气压、地温和蒸发7种影响因子,对土壤墒情分别建立线性回归方程、基于主成分分析的径向基函数(PCA-RBF)神经网络和误差反向传导(BP)神经网络3种预测模型,并对3种模型预测结果进行了对比分析。结果显示:PCARBF神经网络模型精度最高,平均精度达到96.8%,线性回归模型和BP神经网络模型分别为94.6%和95.7%。研究认为,PCA-RBF神经网络具有稳定性好、精度高的特点,可以很好的实现土壤墒情预测。 相似文献
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以黄河小浪底库区3种密度栓皮栎林为研究对象,运用稳定同位素技术,结合大气、土壤温湿度及土壤水分氘同位素（δD）值,探讨不同季节降雨对土壤剖面温度、水分动态及运移的影响。结果表明,降雨前后高密度林分土壤温度均最高,且下层土壤具保温效果。土壤湿度随密度增大而增加,且低密度林分下层湿度大,而中高密度林分表层湿度大。雨前土壤水分δD值与枯落物δD值变化趋势相同,均随密度增大而减小。低密度林分,降雨在枯落物及土壤表层滞留时间较短,均可较快入渗到深层土壤,随后涵养在上层水分以活塞流形式下渗。且前期降水较多时,混合水可侧向流动补给壤中流。中高密度林分,在前期土壤湿度较大的雨季和旱季初期,降雨也可较快入渗到深层,除高密度林分在前期降雨较多的雨季下渗到中层。而前期降雨较少时,降雨在中高密度林分的枯落物及表层土壤滞留时间较长。表明土壤湿度低时,中密度林分土壤可较好的蓄积水分,而高密度林分在湿度低或高时均能较好的调控土壤水分。此外,在前期降水充足和高强度降雨后,降雨在低中密度林分均可通过优先流形式快速入渗,补给深层土壤。泉水和地下水δD值没有明显改变,可为干旱季节植被生长提供重要水源。 相似文献
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干旱区苹果园的田间耗水状况探析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1999-2000年对干旱区5-6年生苹果园生长期实际土壤蒸发量和叶片蒸腾量进行了田间测定分析，结果表明，在较干旱的气候环境条件下，5-10月间单株成龄果树的耗尜量约为8.5t，其中土壤蒸发量占99%以上，实际灌水量仅为6.3t，差额水量的补充则来自于降雨、土壤水分移动和深层根系的吸水作用，干旱区果园60cm土层温度达6.5%左右时为凋萎湿度，田间持水量控制在70%左右，不会影响树体正常生长。 相似文献
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Effects of Irrigation Water Quality and Drip Tape Arrangement on Soil Salinity,Soil Moisture Distribution,and Cotton Yield (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under Mulched Drip Irrigation in Xinjiang,China 
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下载免费PDF全文 More and more attention is being focused on saline water utilization in irrigation due to the shortage of fresh water to agriculture in many regions. For purpose of reducing the risks of using of saline water for irrigation, the mechanism of soil moisture and salinity distribution and transport should be well understood for developing optimum management strategies. In this paper, field experiments were carried out at Junggar Basin, China, to study the effects of drip irrigation water quality and drip tape arrangement on distribution of soil salinity and soil moisture. Six treatments were designed, including two drip tape arrangement modes and three irrigation water concentration levels (0.24, 4.68, and 7.42 dS m-1). Results showed that, soil moisture content (SMC) directly beneath the drip tape in all treatments kept a relatively high value about 18% before boll opening stage; the SMC in the narrow strip in single tape arrangement (Ms) plot was obviously lower than that in the double tapes arrangement (Md) plot, indicating that less sufficient water was supplied under the same condition of irrigation depth, but there was no significant reduction in yield. Mulching had not significant influence on salt accumulation but the drip tape arrangement, under the same condition of irrigation water depth and quality, compared with Md, Ms reduced salt accumulation in root zone and brought about relatively high cotton yield. 相似文献
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在玉米盆栽试验条件下,采用二次回归正交设计,建立了沙土苗期土壤水分与株高和干重等参数关系的数学模型,得出了各参数最高条件下的最适宜底墒和最优灌水量。试验结果表明:底墒为13.3%,苗期灌水量为76.6 mm时,株高最高;底墒为11.8%,苗期灌水量为76.3 mm时,总干重最高;底墒为10.3%,苗期灌水量为70.2 mm时,根部干重重量最高;底墒为13.7%,苗期灌水量为138.3 mm时,茎端干重重量最高。 相似文献
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[目的]研究基于Globe-Logging TDR系统的棉花土壤水分与温度的变化规律.[方法]在棉花土壤中分10、20、30以及40 cm土层深度水平埋装一根Globe-Logging TDR测量探针,通过无线网络在线监测7月棉花土壤水分和土壤温度的变化规律.[结论]在不降雨或不灌水的情况下,深层土土壤水分要高于浅层土,深层土的土壤含水率与土壤温度呈反比例关系;当土壤温度高于最低气温时,土壤温度随着土层深度的增加而升高.[结果]该研究可为Globe-Logging TDR系统的推广应用提供参考. 相似文献
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[目的]为了明确土壤水分对芥蓝生长及其同化物植株中积累和分配影响,[方法]研究相同灌溉频率下不同灌溉上限对芥蓝植株生长速率、净同化速率及各器官干物质分配的变化规律。[结果]调节土壤水分能够极显著影响芥蓝同化物积累过程;土壤水分亏缺使苗期至商品成熟的生长期大幅延长,生长速率极显著下降,生长期与生长速率呈极显著负相关;同时使叶片净同化速率极显著下降。土壤含水量65%时植株各器官的干物质分配较合理,基叶和基茎的物质较充分撤离,菜薹干物质分配比例显著提高。[结论]用控制灌溉上限进行调亏灌溉能极显著降低芥蓝株植生长速率,改善植株各器官的干物质分配比例,提高经济产量和品质。 相似文献
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以辽西北沙地流动沙丘为对象,研究了土壤水分运动的时空变化特征。结果表明:流动沙丘土壤含水率的时间变化与降雨有密切关系,春季土壤含水率较低,为0.1%～3.1%;夏季土壤含水率较高,为2.5%～5.1%;秋季土壤含水率略高于春季,为2.2%～3.6%。土壤含水率垂直变化位为:0～10cm土壤含水率变异程度较大,受降雨和蒸发影响强烈;10cm～80cm变异程度相对小些;80cm～120cm土壤含水率比较稳定。流动沙丘不同部位的土壤含水率受干沙层厚度频繁变化和降雨量影响显著,阴坡底含水率>阳坡底>阳坡中>丘顶>阴中。 相似文献
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[目的]研究不同灌水定额条件下土壤含水率变化。[方法]在4个田间试验小区布设间距为2m的3个点,使用人工手钻,钻成深度200cm、孔径44.3mm的探管孔。1试验小区不灌水,2试验小区灌水量为0.02999m3/m2,3试验小区灌水量为0.08996m3/m2,4试验小区灌水量为0.05997m3/m2,灌水方法采取畦灌。利用时域反射仪,对不同灌水定额入渗的土壤含水率进行测定。时间上,探测土壤含水率时间为灌水后4、20、28和44h;深度上,探测深度间距分别设为180、160、140、120、100、90、80、70、60、50、40、30、20、10cm。结合土壤质地特性,分析不同灌水定额下的土壤含水率随深度变化的曲线特征。[结果]不同土层深度土壤水分变化因灌溉水量不同而不同。①不灌水时,0～70cm土层土壤含水率为9.88%;70～100cm土层土壤含水率逐渐增大,达17.00%;100～120cm土层含水率达25.00%;120～180cm土层土壤含水率为24.45%。②灌水量为0.02999m3/m2时,0～30cm土层土壤含水率逐渐增大,达30.00%;30～60cm土层土壤含水率逐渐下降,降至25.00%;60～180cm土层土壤含水率为25.00%。该灌水定额适合农田灌溉节约用水。③灌水量为0.05997m3/m2时,0～30cm土层土壤含水率逐渐增大,达26.00%;30～100cm土层土壤含水率为32.50%,120～180cm土层土壤含水率恢复到未灌溉前状态。该灌水定额对农田节水和保墒具有重要意义。④灌水量为0.08996m3/m2时,0～180cm土层土壤含水率为25.86%。该灌水定额不利于农田灌溉节约用水。[结论]该研究结果对经济合理地利用水资源具有重要意义。 相似文献