共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
For agricultural industries to capture many environmental and economic benefits that have been demonstrated for precision agriculture (PA) technologies, an understanding of the factors affecting adoption of these technologies is required to adequately inform the development of PA approaches and the programs used to promote their use. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to explore the processes of adoption of PA technologies, using an innovation diffusion framework to analyse the complex interactions between different factors in the adoption process. A total of 34 relevant publications were extracted from Scopus database following a systematic search and analysis process. PA technologies adoption research has predominantly been undertaken in the United States and Germany, with industrial crops receiving the most research attention. Relative advantage and motivation were the most frequently mentioned factors affecting PA technologies adoption. However, very few studies have examined multiple components of the complex adoption process, and most were narrowly focussed on assessing the impact of a single aspect. The conclusions drawn from the review are that many of the determinants of innovation diffusion that have been examined in other industry contexts were absent in the PA technologies adoption literature, and that the complexity and multidimensional nature of the adoption process was very poorly represented. 相似文献
2.
Social networks play a significant role in learning and thus in farmers’ adoption of new agricultural technologies. This study examined the effects of social network factors on information acquisition and adoption of new seed varieties among groundnut farmers in Uganda and Kenya. The data were generated through face-to-face interviews from a random sample of 461 farmers, 232 in Uganda and 229 in Kenya. To assess these effects two alternative econometric models were used: a seemingly unrelated bivariate probit (SUBP) model and a recursive bivariate probit (RBP) model. The statistical evaluation of the SUBP shows that information acquisition and adoption decisions are interrelated while tests for the RBP do not support this latter model. Therefore, the analysis is based on the results obtained from the SUBP. These results reveal that social network factors, particularly weak ties with external support (e.g., researchers, extension agents, etc.), partially influence information acquisition, but do not influence adoption. In Uganda, external support, gender, farm size, and geographic location have an impact on information acquisition. In Kenya, external support and geographic location also have an impact on information acquisition. With regard to adoption, gender, household size, and geographic location play the most important roles for Ugandan farmers, while in Kenya information from external sources, education, and farm size affect adoption choice. The study provides insight on the importance of external weak ties in groundnut farming, and a need to understand regional differences along gender lines while developing agricultural strategies. This study further illustrates the importance of farmer participation in applied technology research and the impact of social interactions among farmers and external agents. 相似文献
3.
目的 对中医药辅助治疗卒中相关性肺炎进行系统评价。 方法 计算机检索CBM、VIP、WF、CNKI、PubMed数据库,查找关于卒中相关性肺炎应用中医药的随机对照实验（RCTs）,时限检索均从2000年1月至2015年7月。按文献纳入与排除标准筛选文献,提取所需资料并利用Review Manger5.2分析软件对总有效率和热退时间进行Meta分析。 结果 最终得到14篇关于中医药辅助治疗卒中相关性肺炎的RCTs文献,共计1 185例患者,其中有14项研究进行了疗效评价,9项研究观察了热退时间。经Meta分析发现,对于卒中相关性肺炎患者,同时配合应用中医药的总有效率优于西医常规治疗（Z=7.36, P<0.000 01）,且可缩短体温恢复至正常时间（Z=3.48, P<0.01）,漏斗图显示存在发表偏倚。 结论 同时配合应用中医药辅助治疗卒中相关性肺炎在总有效率、热退时间优于对照组,但需要高质量的文献来验证支持。 相似文献
4.
This paper examines the adoption and application of a participatory approach to the transfer of scientific research to farmers
with the objective of supporting government policies for sustainable agriculture. Detailed interviews with scientists and
farmers in two case studies in New Zealand are used to identify the potential and constraints of such an approach. One case
study involves Māori growers wishing to develop organic vegetable production; the other involves commercial wheat farmers
who want to improve their profitability and face major problems of groundwater nutrification. The paper concludes that while
both case studies are characterized as successful by those involved, there is an inherent creative tension between the adoption
of a participatory approach and its use to advance public policy goals.
Murray Bruges
is a geographer and Research Associate in the School of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Science at the University of
Auckland.
Willie Smith
is a geographer and Director of the School of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Science at the University of Auckland
and has a background in public policy. 相似文献
5.
采用室内柱迁移实验,研究了在不同离子强度下多孔介质粒径和孔隙水流速对大肠杆菌在饱和石英砂柱中沉积与释放行为的影响。结果表明,介质粒径和孔隙水流速均能影响大肠杆菌在石英砂中的迁移过程。介质粒径的减小可增强大肠杆菌在多孔介质中的筛滤效应,增加其沉积率和滞留率,减小水化学扰动引起的释放效应,流速的降低有利于提高大肠杆菌的沉积率和滞留率。离子强度的高低可改变粒径和流速对大肠杆菌迁移影响的大小,在较高离子强度条件下,减小介质粒径和孔隙水流速对提高大肠杆菌的沉积率和滞留率的作用增强。由于自然环境的复杂性,今后的研究应注重真实地下水环境中多因素对大肠杆菌迁移行为的复合影响,以便更加准确地掌握大肠杆菌在多孔介质中迁移的规律。 相似文献
6.
目的 评价黄连温胆汤加减治疗失眠的临床疗效及安全性。 方法 采用文献系统评价定性研究与定量Meta分析相结合的方法与技术,检索国内有关黄连温胆汤加减治疗失眠的临床随机对照试验,包括中国知网数据库、维普期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库,依据所定纳入标准及排除标准对所检索的文献进行筛选,提取有效数据,运用RenMan 5.3软件对文献进行Meta分析。 结果 最终纳入16篇随机对照试验,合计1511例患者。Meta分析显示,黄连温胆汤加减治疗失眠的临床总有效率高于西药治疗组（OR=3.61,95% CI[2.68,4.85], P<0.00001）。 结论 本次系统评价显示黄连温胆汤加减治疗失眠总有效率高于西药治疗组,安全性较高。但是所纳入的研究质量普遍偏低,需要高质量的随机对照试验进行验证。 相似文献
7.
为了解农户绿色生产技术采用行为,推动农业可持续发展与农民增收.基于武陵山茶叶主产区634个农户调研数据,通过构建Heckman样本选择模型分析农户绿色生产技术采用行为的影响因素,并运用分位数回归模型进一步探讨技术采用行为对农户不同茶叶收入水平的影响及差异.结果表明:1)农户对品种改良、土壤改良与生物农药单项技术的采用率... 相似文献
8.
Soil fertility management (SFM) has important implications for sustaining agricultural development and food self-sufficiency. Better understanding the determinants of farmers' SFM can be a great help to the adoption of effective SFM practices. Based on a dataset of 315 plots collected from a typical rice growing area of South China, this study applied statistical method and econometric models to examine the impacts of land characteristics on farmers' SFM practices at plot scale. Main results showed that in general land characteristics affected SFM behaviors. Securer land tenure arrangements facilitated effective practices of SFM through more diversified and more soil-friendly cropping pattern choices. Plot size significantly reduced the intensities of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application. Given other factors, 1 ha increase in plot size might reduce 3.0 kg ha −1 P 2O 5 and 1.8 kg ha −1 K 2O. Plots far from the homestead were paid less attention in terms of both chemical fertilizers and manure applications. Besides, plots with better quality were put more efforts on management by applying more nitrogen and manure, and by planting green manure crops. Significant differences existed in SFM practices between the surveyed villages with different socio-economic conditions. The findings are expected to provide important references to the policy-making incentive for improving soil quality and crop productivity. 相似文献
9.
作为家畜的一个重要性状,耳型是家畜品种鉴定的重要指标,家畜小耳畸形还可作为人耳疾病研究的动物模型.目前,利用全基因组连锁分析、关联研究和基因表达数据,在家畜上鉴定到影响耳朵大小、外耳直立性的候选基因主要包括MSRB3和PPARD;特别是PPARD基因内的一个错义突变(G＞A,G32E)被认为是影响家猪耳朵大小的因果突变... 相似文献
10.
A yield gap analysis for rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) is critical to meeting the oil demand by identifying yield potential and yield constraints. In this study, potential yield(Y_p), attainable yield(Y_(att)), and actual yield(Y_(act)) for winter rapeseed were determined in five different zones of China. A boundary line approach was adopted to calculate Y_p, based on a large-scale field experimental database. A meta-analysis was conducted on the data obtained from 118 published studies to evaluate the effects of agronomic factors on rapeseed yield. The main results indicated that farmers only achieved 37–56% of the yield potential across the zones. The low altitude areas(L-URY) and lower reaches(LRY) of the Yangtze River Basin(YRB), China had high yield levels. The total yield gap was 1 893 kg ha~(–1), due to the agronomic management factors, environmental factors, and socioeconomic factors. The meta-analysis showed that weed control and drainage were the best management practices to improve yields(45.6 and 35.3%, respectively), and other practices improved yields by 17.1–21.6%. Consequently, to narrow the yield gap over the short term, the study could focus on techniques that are easily implemented to farmers. 相似文献
11.
为探讨抗虫耐除草剂转基因玉米ZZM030对水生生物的安全性,以浮游动物大型蚤(Daphnia magna)为研究对象,使用转基因玉米ZZM030及其非转基因对照亲本玉米祥249(X249)饲喂大型蚤28 d,检测转基因玉米ZZM030对大型蚤生长和繁殖的影响。28 d测试结果显示,与亲本X249组大型蚤相比,ZZM030玉米组大型蚤在存活率、体长、首次抱卵时间、首次产幼蚤时间、首次产幼蚤数、新生幼蚤总数等参数上没有显著性差异。28 d饲喂结果表明抗虫耐除草剂玉米ZZM030与X249非转基因亲本玉米对大型蚤具有同样的安全性。 相似文献
12.
Drones are one of the latest tools to have been added to farmers’ precision agriculture technology tool kit. Despite the proclaimed benefits, adoption rates of drones are low and literature regarding the adoption of drones in agriculture is scarce. Therefore, this study investigates whether an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) can contribute to the understanding of latent factors influencing farmers’ intention to adopt a drone. The sample of 167 German farmers was collected in 2019 via an online survey. Using partial least squares structural equation modelling and a binary model, the TAM explains 69% of the variance in the intention to use a drone by German farmers. According to the results, raising farmers’ awareness of farm-specific areas of drone application and the confidence level of using a drone can increase farmers’ intention to adopt a drone. The results are of interest for agribusinesses developing drones as well as selling or providing drones. Furthermore, the results are of interest for researchers in precision agriculture technologies. 相似文献
13.
目的 通过对相关文献进行Meta分析,系统评价中西医结合治疗新生儿脓疱疮的临床疗效。 方法 检索PubMed、Medline、中国期刊全文数据库、维普期刊数据库、中国知网和万方数据库,检索中西医结合治疗新生儿脓疱疮的随机对照研究（RCT）,由两名评价者独立提取资料并进行方法学质量评估,数据分析采用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。 结果 共纳入16个RCT,Meta分析结果显示,中西医结合治疗新生儿脓疱疮总有效率Meta分析结果为：[OR=5.59（95% CI：3.81,8.20）, P<0.01],提示中西医结合治疗新生儿脓疱疮总有效率优于单纯西医治疗;中西医结合治疗新生儿脓疱疮显效率Meta分析结果为：[OR=3.57（95% CI：2.41,5.29）, P<0.01],提示中西医结合治疗新生儿脓疱疮显效率高于单纯西医治疗;脓疱症状消失时间Meta分析结果显示：[MD=-1.64（95% CI：-1.88,-1.40）, P<0.01],提示中西医结合治疗新生儿脓疱疮较单纯西医治疗的脓疱消失所需时间更短。 结论 中西医结合治疗新生儿脓疱疮的临床疗效较单纯西医治疗临床疗效更好,且痊愈所需时间更少,临床值得推广。 相似文献
14.
Inadequate information on factors affecting crop yield variability has contributed to the slow adoption of site-specific farming (SSF). This study was conducted to determine the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the spatial and temporal variability of irrigated corn grain yields and to derive information useful for SSF. The effects of water (80% evapotranspiration (ET) and 50% ET), hybrid (drought-tolerant and -susceptible), elevation, soil index (SI)(texture), soil NO 3–N, arthropods, and diseases on corn grain yield were investigated at Halfway, TX on geo-referenced locations. Grain yields were influenced by interrelationships among biotic and abiotic factors. Grain yields were consistently high under high water treatment, at higher elevations, and on soils with high SI (high clay and silt). Soil NO 3–N increased grain yields when water was adequate. Management zones for variable rate fertilizer and water application should, therefore, be based on information on elevation, SI, and soil NO 3–N. The effects of arthropods, diseases, and crop stress (due to drought and N) on corn grain yield were unpredictable. Spider mite ( Oligonychus pratensis) and common smut ( Ustilago zeae) damage occurred under hot and dry conditions in 1998. Spider mite infestations were high in areas with high soil NO 3–N. Moderate air temperatures and high relative humidity in 1999 favored southwestern corn borer ( Diatraea grandiosella) and common rust ( Puccinia maydis) incidences. Knowledge of conditions that favor arthropods and diseases outbreak and crop stress can improve the efficiency of scouting and in-season management of SSF. Management of SSF can be improved when effects of biotic and abiotic factors on grain yield are integrated and evaluated as a system. 相似文献
15.
为了降低三角帆蚌良种选育过程中的工作量和加快选育进程,对三角帆蚌的早期选择效应进行了研究。通过对稚蚌的选择,考察了其对紫色选育品系幼蚌生长的影响。结果显示,选择组5 cm以上个体的比例达到65.20%,比对照组提高了26.80%,而4 cm以下个体下降了16.80%。通过进一步卡方检验(χ2=118.980,P0.01)表明,选择组与对照组的蚌体规格具有极显著差异。表明早期选择对三角帆蚌幼蚌的生长具有显著影响,早期选择效应显著。 相似文献
16.
【目的】探讨农户对不同稻作方式的采用行为及影响因素,为稻作方式的发展及推广工作提供科学依据。【方法】基于实地调研数据,运用Multinomial Logistic模型对农户采用直播稻、机插稻和手栽稻的行为结果及影响因素进行实证分析。【结果】稻作方式的省工特性对农户采用直播稻和机插稻均有显著影响;稻作方式信息可获得性对农户采用机插稻有显著影响;稻作方式的生产性投入与农户采用直播稻呈负相关;水稻种植面积与农户采用直播稻呈负相关,与农户采用机插稻呈正相关;农户兼业性与其采用直播稻和机插稻呈正相关。【结论】稻作方式的劳动投入量是影响农户采用行为的关键因素;农户的兼业性促进了其对轻简稻作方式的采用;生产性投入低是农户采用直播稻的重要原因。推进水稻规模经营、为农户提供方便有效的技术信息可促进机插稻的发展。 相似文献
18.
Easy-to-use tools using modern data analysis techniques are needed to handle spatio-temporal agri-data. This research proposes a novel pattern recognition-based method, Multi-temporal Yield Pattern Analysis (MYPA), to reveal long-term (>?10 years) spatio-temporal variations in multi-temporal yield data. The specific objectives are: i) synthesis of information within multiple yield maps into a single understandable and interpretable layer that is indicative of the variability and stability in yield over a 10?+?years period, and ii) evaluation of the hypothesis that the MYPA enhances multi-temporal yield interpretation compared to commonly-used statistical approaches. The MYPA method automatically identifies potential erroneous yield maps; detects yield patterns using principal component analysis; evaluates temporal yield pattern stability using a per-pixel analysis; and generates productivity-stability units based on k-means clustering and zonal statistics. The MYPA method was applied to two commercial cereal fields in Australian dryland systems and two commercial fields in a UK cool-climate system. To evaluate the MYPA, its output was compared to results from a classic, statistical yield analysis on the same data sets. The MYPA explained more of the variance in the yield data and generated larger and more coherent yield zones that are more amenable to site-specific management. Detected yield patterns were associated with varying production conditions, such as soil properties, precipitation patterns and management decisions. The MYPA was demonstrated as a robust approach that can be encoded into an easy-to-use tool to produce information layers from a time-series of yield data to support management. 相似文献
20.
Variable rate application of fertiliser (VR) is a practice underpinning a profitable grains industry in Australia. We updated
the extent of VR adoption through a national survey ( n = 1 130) covering all grain growing regions. Three smaller regional-based surveys ( n = 39–102) collected detailed information on the nature and reasoning behind the use of various forms of the technology. We
analysed the constraints to the adoption of each step using adoption theory. Surveys showed that 20% of grain growers have
adopted some form of VR (varied from 11–35%), up significantly from <5% found 6 years earlier. Adopters are more than likely
to have larger farms with a higher area in cropping. Many non-adopters were convinced of the agronomic and economic benefits
of VR. A significant proportion of growers were managing within-field variability with manually-operated systems rather than
more sophisticated VR technology, and have adopted some form of VR without yield maps, preferring to use soil tests, electro-magnetic
induction or their own knowledge of soil and yield variation to define management. The rate of adoption is expected to continue
to rise based on greater awareness of the benefits of the technology. The constraints to adoption were technical issues with
equipment and software access to service provision and the incompatibility of equipment with existing farm operations. 相似文献
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