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1.
[目的]提高金矮生苹果的品质。[方法]采用叶果比、采收期和套袋试验研究不同叶果比和采收期及套袋对金矮生苹果品质的影响。[结果]叶果比为15∶1时,金矮生苹果单株产量最高,但大小年结果现象明显,果实品质较差,总体效益不高;叶果比为35∶1时,果实品质较好,但3年总产量较低,经济效益较差;叶果比为25∶1时,优质果所占比例较高,效益较好。延迟7 d采收,可提高金矮生苹果的品质,和耐贮性,果实商品价值和经济效益较高。套袋可改善金矮生苹果果面的光洁度和着色程度,着色果比例达90%以上。套袋后果皮变薄,果汁增多,单果重和果形指数提高。[结论]采用套袋技术,25-30叶片保留1个果,在10月1日后采收可提高金矮生苹果的品质。 相似文献
2.
We describe the yield and quality of apples from a 0.8 ha apple orchard located in northern Greece over two growing seasons
and consider the potential for site-specific management. The orchard has two apple cultivars: Red Chief (main cultivar) and
Fuji (pollinator). Yield was measured by weighing all fruit harvested from groups of five adjacent trees and the position
of the central tree was recorded by GPS. Apple quality at harvest was evaluated from samples of the two cultivars in both
years for which fruit mass, flesh firmness, soluble solids content, juice pH and acidity of the juice were determined. The
variation in tree flowering was also measured in the spring of the second season using a stereological sampling procedure.
The results showed considerable variability in the number of tree flowers, yield and quality across the orchard for both cultivars.
The number of flowers was strongly correlated with the final yield. These data could potentially be used to plan precise thinning
and for early prediction of yield; the latter is important for marketing the fruit. Several quality characteristics, including
fruit juice soluble solids content and acid content were negatively correlated with yield. The general patterns of spatial
variation in several variables suggested that changes in topography and aspect had important effects on apple yield and quality. 相似文献
3.
【目的】制约我国苹果产业绿色发展的关键问题之一在于对其病虫害绿色防控技术较为欠缺。本研究对已构建的渭北旱塬苹果病虫害全程生物防控技术的应用效果进行综合评价,为该技术体系的推广提供依据。【方法】2019与2020年连续两年在西北农林科技大学旱塬生态农业科技试验示范站（渭南市澄城县）的苹果园,设置生物防控处理区和常规防控处理区,分别采用病虫害全程生物防控技术（自每年3月起至11月底,根据病虫害发生情况,全部采用生物农药处理）和当地现行的以化学农药为主的防治技术,测定苹果的产量、品质并调查果园天敌昆虫发生动态,并由第三方机构检测苹果叶片、果实及果园土壤中的农药残留。【结果】采用全程生物防控技术果园2019与2020年的苹果产量分别为51 585和53 639 kg·hm-2,与常规防控果园并无显著差异;全程生物防控果园苹果的果型、硬度与可食率等一般物理性状与常规防控果园无显著差异,但其单果质量优于常规防控果园产出的苹果,两年分别达到了342.89和377.89 g;2019年,全程生物防控果园苹果可溶性固形物、pH、Vc含量及可溶性糖含量均显著高于常规防控果园苹果,而可滴定酸含量显著低于常规... 相似文献
4.
本试验以1959年定植、每亩20株的酥梨为试材.通过2年不同采摘期和负载量处理,结果初步表明,在一定水平上,负载量是产量的决定因素,但随着负载量减少,一年生短枝和根的干物质、淀粉含量相应提高,从而增加翌年花量.适当推迟采收,不但提高产量,而且增进品质.采摘期对当年果实品质的影响大于负载量,而对树体同化物质的积累及花芽形成的影响小于负载量.酥梨果实生长的盛末期出现在花后144天.本试验条件下,酥梨以枝/果比2.5-3.0的中等负载量,即花后142-149天采收的各项指标较好; 相似文献
5.
It has been suggested that apple (
Malus * domestica Borkh) flowering distribution maps can be used for site-specific management decisions. The objectives of this study were
(i) to study the flower density variability in an apple orchard using image analysis and (ii) to model the correlation between
flower density as determined from image analysis and fruit yield. The research was carried out in a commercial apple orchard
in Central Greece. In April 2007, when the trees were at full bloom, photos of the trees were taken following a systematic
uniform random sampling procedure. In September 2007, yield mapping was carried out measuring yield per ten trees and recording
the position of the centre of the ten trees. Using this data (the measured yield of the trees and the pictures samples, representing
the flower distribution), an image processing-based algorithm was developed that predicts tree yield by analyzing the picture
of the tree at full bloom. For the evaluation of the algorithm, a case study scenario is presented where the error of the
predicted yield was set at 18%. These results indicated that potential yield could be predicted early in the season from flowering
distribution maps and could be used for orchard management during the growing season. 相似文献
7.
Coffee beverage quality is highly correlated with the degree of fruit ripeness. In this sense, monitoring fruit ripeness is of utmost importance for harvest planning and, especially for obtaining high-quality beverages. Currently, this process is carried out through manual counts of unripe fruits, which is laborious and limited to a few plants within the field. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of a low-cost multispectral camera for coffee ripeness monitoring in the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. For that, five fields of Arabica coffee with distinct characteristics were evaluated. During the coffee ripeness period, four flights were carried using a Phantom 4 Pro quadcopter equipped with a Mapir Survey 3W camera for imagery acquisition. After that, nine vegetation indices (VIs) were obtained. For the same dates, the percentage of unripe fruits was obtained using an irregular grid in all fields. The data was split into two ripeness classes: suitable for harvest (R) with?<?30% of unripe fruits; and not suitable for harvest (U), with?>?30% of unripe fruits. Then, a principal component analysis was used to infer the importance of the VIs to discriminate plants with unripe fruits from those with ripe fruits. The first two principal components explained?>?75% of the variance in the datasets from all coffee fields. The VIs were able to discriminate the ripeness classes (U and R) in most fields; however, their performance was directly influenced by the crop yield and canopy volume. 相似文献
8.
采用机械收割和人工收割的对比试验结果表明，用现有的割冠机收割芦苇，会伤害大量的越冬芽，因而引起芦苇正常植株的减少和其他各产量性状的不良。如连续使用，加之方法不当，最终造成产量降低，质量变差。因此，两种方法应交替进行。 相似文献
9.
近年来,苹果园土壤生态系统的恶化情况比农作物更为严重,通过对胶东苹果园土壤有机质含量及酸化程度的研究分析,综合介绍了果园土壤改良的主要技术措施,通过自然生草、科学施肥和施用土壤改良剂3个方面对苹果园土壤生态系统进行改良优化,使其满足果树优质丰产的要求。 相似文献
10.
通过对临汾地区旱地果园苹果树腐烂病的调查和旱地果园土壤养分测定的基础上,山西省农业科学院农产品加工研究所用自行研制的0.5%苦参碱植物杀菌剂对苹果树腐烂病进行防效试验,结合旱地集水培肥技术,改善旱地果园的土壤肥力,增加树体抗病能力,提高果树的产果率和果品品质,形成旱地果园腐烂病综合防治技术。 相似文献
11.
通过田间调查及对高产果园(≥22500 kg/hm2)和低产果园(<18000 kg/hm2)叶样品的分析,研究了半湿润易旱区红富士果园初夏叶片的养分状况。结果表明,高产园和低产园差异显著,总体上看,氮高产园处于中等到丰富水平,符合高产优质果园含量的标准,低产园处于中等偏低水平;磷、钾较丰富。根据苹果的需肥特性和土壤养分状况及有效性,初步提出了增施有机肥、氮肥及补施磷、钾肥的优化施肥结构模式,以保证苹果的丰产优质。 相似文献
12.
于1999～2002年对渭北旱原红富士苹果园不同水分条件有机肥施用模式进行了研究.结果表明,在不灌水条件下,以化肥+秸秆堆肥处理和化肥+羊粪处理最佳,产量分别为38 500kg/hm2和38 050 kg/hm2,分别比对照增产32.1和30.5.灌水条件下,以化肥+绿肥处理和化肥+鸡粪处理最佳,产量分别为44825 kg/hm2和44 450 kg/hm2,分别比对照增产24.3和23.3;并综合分析了不同水分条件不同有机肥对红富士苹果产量、生长状况、外观和内在品质的影响.在此基础上,提出了渭北旱地果园 相似文献
13.
对着色系优系富士‘烟富3号’品种不同采收期的果实品质和香气物质含量进行了测定分析,结果表明：在10月5日至10月26日期间,随采收时间的延迟,可溶性固形物含量由13.2%增加到15.2%,可溶性糖由9.977%增加到12.967%,可滴定酸含量由0.252 mmol/g逐渐下降至0.164 mmol/g;VC含量则先增加后下降,10月26日采收的果实中VC含量仅为19日的26.7%;10月5日采摘的果实中仅检测出18种香气物质,总含量6.581μg/g,26日采摘的果实中检测出香气物质32种,总含量达到了45.770μg/g;适当延迟采收时间有利于增加可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、香气成分种类和总量,提高果实的风味和品质;在烟台地区,10月20日应该是‘烟富3号’苹果最佳食用的采摘期。 相似文献
14.
The accurate and reliable fruit detection in orchards is one of the most crucial tasks for supporting higher level agriculture tasks such as yield mapping and robotic harvesting. However, detecting and counting small fruit is a very challenging task under variable lighting conditions, low-resolutions and heavy occlusion by neighboring fruits or foliage. To robustly detect small fruits, an improved method is proposed based on multiple scale faster region-based convolutional neural networks (MS-FRCNN) approach using the color and depth images acquired with an RGB-D camera. The architecture of MS-FRCNN is improved to detect lower-level features by incorporating feature maps from shallower convolution feature maps for regions of interest (ROI) pooling. The detection framework consists of three phases. Firstly, multiple scale feature extractors are used to extract low and high features from RGB and depth images respectively. Then, RGB-detector and depth-detector are trained separately using MS-FRCNN. Finally, late fusion methods are explored for combining the RGB and depth detector. The detection framework was demonstrated and evaluated on two datasets that include passion fruit images under variable illumination conditions and occlusion. Compared with the faster R-CNN detector of RGB-D images, the recall, the precision and F1-score of MS-FRCNN method increased from 0.922 to 0.962, 0.850 to 0.931 and 0.885 to 0.946, respectively. Furthermore, the MS-FRCNN method effectively improves small passion fruit detection by achieving 0.909 of the F1 score. It is concluded that the detector based on MS-FRCNN can be applied practically in the actual orchard environment. 相似文献
15.
在9～10年生红富士苹果示范园中，连续两年定树测定单株的干周、总枝量、结果枝数、短果枝率、长果枝率、总叶面积、每果叶面积、单叶面积、比叶重、单果重、总果数和产量。其中总叶面积、每果叶面积、单果重和总果数组成产量形成的最佳多元回归方程，由此建立红富士苹果产量形成的方案。实际应用中，首先确定果实大小指标后根据总叶面积得到叶面积指数，根据叶面积指数由最优多元回归方程中依次分别确定留果量和每果叶面积，从而保证红富士苹果在优质基础上的高产稳产。 相似文献
16.
【目的】成龄乔砧苹果郁闭园改造是生产中的主要问题,通过对改形后再次郁闭园进行不同改造,比较几种处理方法的改造效果,找出最佳的改造方法,为其推广应用提供理论依据。【方法】以改形后再次郁闭的18年生乔化‘红富士’苹果（3 m×4 m）为材料,研究不同处理对冠层光照、各类枝(梢)叶片数量、质量及产量品质的影响。【结果】间伐（处理Ⅰ）冠层光照条件好,各类枝(梢)平均叶片数量多、质量高、果实硬度大,可溶性固形物含量高,着色最好,叶面积指数合理,产量较高。疏大枝（处理Ⅱ）树冠光照和叶片状况及果实品质均比间伐处理差,但优于不疏大枝树（处理Ⅲ）。冠层内相对光照强度处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分别为26.4%、20.8%和14.3%,冠层内不同方位相对光照强度和日变化为处理Ⅰ＞处理Ⅱ＞处理Ⅲ。处理Ⅰ各类型新梢的平均叶片数量分别比处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ高4.56%、15.91%,单叶面积分别比处理Ⅱ和Ⅲ高0.46%和7.28%。而产量是处理Ⅱ＞处理Ⅰ＞处理Ⅲ。果实品质是处理Ⅰ＞处理Ⅱ＞处理Ⅲ。【结论】对密度3 m×4 m改形后再次郁闭果园实行间伐,可改善树冠光照条件,使叶面积指数达3.26,提高叶片质量和果实品质,产量也较高,且这种方法改造的果园管理方便,能根本性解决乔化苹果园光照恶化问题,适宜渭北苹果产区推广应用。 相似文献
17.
以苹果长富2号品种为供试材料,研究套袋对果实生长发育过程中品质形成因子的影响.结果表明:红富士苹果套袋后果皮叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量一直低于对照;果皮花青苷含量摘袋前显著低于对照,摘袋后花青苷含量迅速上升,采收时超过不套袋对照1倍左右;套袋后苹果可溶性总糖、还原糖和可滴定酸含量的变化趋势与对照基本一致,但明显低于对照.综合比较3种纸袋的套袋效果,最好的为山东恒信袋;其次为日本小林袋;徐州天正袋效果最差. 相似文献
18.
【目的】研究苹果密闭园的不同间伐方式对果园光照状况、叶片光合指标、果树生长和产量质量的影响,为密闭园的合理改造提供理论依据。【方法】以‘红富士’苹果郁闭园为试材,设计隔行间伐（A）、隔株间伐（B）和行内隔3去1间伐（C）3种处理和不间伐的对照（CK）,对它们的光照、光合、树体生长以及产量和质量的相关指标进行测定分析。【结果】3年的结果表明,除CK外,各处理的树冠覆盖率在3年间均有不同程度的增长,但仍表现为CK＞C＞B＞A;果园透光率和树冠内透光率表现为A＞B＞C＞CK;在生长季,各处理叶片的净光合速率、羧化效率和水分利用效率表现为A＞B＞C＞CK,各处理叶片的胞间CO2浓度结果与此相反;3处理每公顷的产量在间伐当年均明显低于CK的,但间伐第二年就可恢复,到间伐第三年处理A、B每公顷的产量则显著高于处理C和CK的;3年间各处理的平均单果重、着色指数、可溶性糖含量、滴定酸的含量、优质果率等质量指标均好于CK,具体表现为处理A、B的明显好于处理C和CK的。【结论】适宜的间伐方式除在短时间内产量有一定下降外,可从根本上改善果园光照状况、提高光合效率和果品质量。 相似文献
19.
当前山东省果品质量下降的原因是生产发展没有严格遵循适地适树的原則,品种、砧木混乱,重扩大面积,忽視提高质量,产后技术落后,产、供销脱节。提高果品质量必须改革理顺经营体制,建立完善适应果树特点的生产责任制,制訂苗木生产法规,提高苗木质量,用发展的观点正确评价我省果树资源和自然资源优势,适地适树建立商品基地,創名牌品种;开发现有低产果园,推广果园覆草、地膜覆盖穴贮肥水和矮化密植,实行定额负荷、适时采收,发展产地贮藏、纸箱包装,一次直达运输等新技术成果。 相似文献
20.
以Window98为平台，VB6为开发语言，对寒地苹果的品种选择、苗木繁育、果园建立、生长发育规律、田间管理技术、整形修剪、病虫害诊断、防治、自然灾害及防治、寒地苹果栽培的特殊形式，新技术在寒地苹果栽培中的应用作了系统介绍，并制定专家决策优化方案，从而实现了寒地苹果高产、优质、高效栽培目的。 相似文献
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