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1.
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2.
The genus Arcobacter encompasses campylobacter-like organisms that grow in air at 25 degrees C. Arcobacter has been detected or isolated from clinically healthy livestock as well as aborted fetuses and has been presumptively identified as either Campylobacter or Leptospira, based on its growth in selective semisolid media. Because reports from nonlivestock species are limited, this study examined nine presumptive isolates of Arcobacter spp. from an alpaca (Vicugna pacos), black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), gorilla (Troglodytes gorilla), gazelle (Eudorcas thomsoni), rhea (Rhea americana), and aborted equine fetuses. Seven of these nine phenotypically identified isolates of Arcobacter were confirmed by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. The remaining two isolates were subsequently identified as Arcobacter skirrowii (Case 5) and Campylobacter jejuni (Case 6) by sequence analysis of a 527-base pair fragment of the 16S rRNA gene. Together, these cases underscore the challenges to a clinical laboratory of identifying Arcobacter in cases which mimic vibrionic abortion or leptospirosis.  相似文献   

3.
In a sheep flock, Chlamydia psittaci, Campylobacter fetus, Ca jejuni, and Salmonella dublin caused abortions. A vaccine that contained C psittaci type I from 2 sources: a cow with pneumonia and an aborted ovine fetus, Ca fetus, Ca jejuni, and 4 strains of K99 Escherichia coli was given to 240 ewes before they were bred. All fetuses, placentas, and lambs, that died within 36 hours of birth were examined for infectious agents. Of 55 abortions, 30 (55%) were caused by Chlamydia or Campylobacter spp; 25 of the 30 (83%) abortions took place in the nonvaccinated group (n = 240). Forty-five more lambs survived in the vaccinated group than in the nonvaccinated group. Abortion rates for Chlamydia and Campylobacter spp (2.1 vs 10.4% in vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups, respectively) were significantly different (P = 0.003). Abortion rates for S dublin were not significantly different between groups. The Salmonella epizootic was controlled quickly by sanitation and treatment procedures. The vaccine was at least 80% efficacious against Chlamydia and Campylobacter spp and appeared to be protective.  相似文献   

4.
In this study, the prevalence and distribution of various Arcobacter spp. were investigated in samples taken from the cloacae of healthy domestic geese raised in Turkey. A membrane filtration technique with a non-selective blood agar was employed after enrichment in Arcobacter enrichment broth (AEB) to isolate a wide range of Arcobacter spp. In addition, the isolates were characterized phenotypically and identified at species level using a multiplex-PCR assay. A total of 90 cloacal swab samples taken from geese, collected on three farms (18, 25, 47 samples, respectively), were examined. Of the samples examined, 16 (18%) were found positive for Arcobacter. One Arcobacter species was isolated from each bird. Of the 16 Arcobacter isolates, 7 (44%), 7 (44%) and 2 (12.5%) were identified by m-PCR as A. cryaerophilus, A. skirrowii and A. butzleri, respectively. The present study indicates that domestic geese can harbour a variety of Arcobacter spp. in their cloacae. The presence of Arcobacter in geese may be of significance as reservoirs in their dissemination. Detailed research is needed for better understanding of the epidemiology and zoonotic potential of this emerging pathogen.  相似文献   

5.
Nocardioform placentitis associated with gram positive branching actinomycetes caused a record number of abortions in mares diagnosed by the University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (UKVDL) affecting the 2011 foal crop (2011 foal crop: the cohort of foals conceived during the 2010 breeding season). The goal of the present study is to make a comprehensive analysis of this outbreak in terms of frequencies of the bacteria causing nocardioform placentitis mediated abortions and to investigate the ages of fetuses, abortion months and breeding times. In the present study, characteristic slow-growing, pungent/soil odor gram positive branching actinomycetes were recovered in high numbers in placental specimens in 76 abortion cases diagnosed as nocardioform placentitis by pathologists. To determine the type of actinomycetes responsible for the abortions, PCR assays were performed on the gram positive branching bacilli. The most prominent actinomycetes species were Amycolatopsis spp. (37 cases, 48.7%) and Crossiella equi (C. equi) (22 cases, 28.9%). Six cases (7.9%) contained both Amycolatopsis spp., and C. equi. 10 isolates were unidentified by PCR assays and shown to have high DNA sequence homology to Streptomyces species, Microbacterium species, Nocardia species and Allokutzneria species, as evidenced by 16 rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Nocardioform placentitis related abortions occurred mostly between December 2010 and April 2011 happening exclusively in the last trimester. Breeding time of aborted pregnancies ranged from March 2010 to July 2010, suggesting that if transmission of the actinomycetes agents occurred during breeding, it was not related to a specific season.  相似文献   

6.
This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of 10 suspicious pathogenic bacteria in 250 stomach contents of aborted calf, lamb, and goat foetuses in 2019. The 155 positive samples obtained from PCR consisted of 53 (58.88 %) bacteria from 90 lamb samples, 10 (43.47 %) bacteria from 23 goat samples, and 92 (67.15 %) bacteria from 137 calf samples. The five most common bacteria associated with abortions were Brucella melitensis, 52 (20.9 %); B. abortus, 13 (5.2 %); Leptospira spp., 34 (13.6 %); Campylobacter fetus, 52 (20.9 %); and Coxiella burnetii, 4 (1.6 %). The highest rate of B. melitensis (65.4 %), B. abortus (69.2 %), Leptospira spp. (67.6 %), and C. fetus (50 %) was detected in the aborted calf samples. The highest individual rate was that of C. fetus (5.2 %). The flock-herd rates of B. melitensis, B. abortus, Leptospira spp., C. fetus, and C. burnetii infections in the 29 farms studied were 34.48 %, 20.69 %, 62.06 %, 82.75 %, and 3.44 %, respectively, with a confidence level and interval of 95 %. The frequency of abortions caused by Leptospira spp. and Campylobacter fetus may be related to increasing in B. melitensis. The rates of aborted calf, lamb, and goat foetuses among the various sampling periods and regions were significantly (P < 0.01) different. In conclusion, precautions should be applied to reduce the spread of these bacterial agents in high-risk areas and to eliminate the risk of harbouring these zoonotic infections in humans. Therefore, these results must be taken into account in the development of control and protection strategies against abortions in animals.  相似文献   

7.
A review is given on abortions in livestock caused by Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis spp. Special emphasis is put on diagnostic procedures. T. gondii is considered to be a major cause of abortions in sheep and goats. Diagnosis is based on the characteristic lesions in the cotyledons, histologic and immunohistochemical examination, and on the detection of specific antibodies in body fluids or serum of aborted fetuses. Whether abortions in swine due to T. gondii are of practical importance is still unclear. The most important causative protozoal agent of abortions in cattle is Neospora caninum. This protozoon was found in 19 per cent of cattle fetuses submitted for examination in USA. Occasionally it was found also in aborted lambs, kids and foals. Diagnosis is based on the histologic or immunohistochemical detection of the parasite. Abortions can be regularly induced experimentally in large and small ruminants and in pigs by the oral inoculation of sporocysts of certain Sarcocystis species. However, under natural conditions abortion due to Sarcocystis was diagnosed only occasionally and only in cattle and sheep. The histologic examination of the fetus and fetal membranes is the only way to diagnose Sarcocystis abortion or neonatal infection at present.  相似文献   

8.
The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of recognised abortifacient viruses such as porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV), Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), in tissues from aborted fetuses and stillborn neonates in cases of late reproductive failure in swine. A total of 293 specimens (fetuses aborted in the last third of gestation and stillborn piglets) from 100 different cases of late-term abortions and premature farrowing from 15 different Spanish provinces were studied. PRRSV was detected in 9/100 cases by RT-PCR. Only 1/100 cases analysed (corresponding to a late-term aborted fetus with a negative PRRSV RT-PCR result) was positive for PCV2 by PCR. Neither ADV (monitored by viral isolation plus antigen detection) nor PPV (monitored by ELISA antigen capture test) infection was identified. The results suggest that PRRSV is one of the most important infectious agents, if not the most relevant one, associated with fetal infection leading to abortion or premature farrowing in Spain. Moreover, other viral pathogens such as ADV, PPV and PCV2 seem to have a minor impact on reproductive disease.  相似文献   

9.
Since the introduction of the genus Arcobacter in 1991, the association of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter skirrowii with humans and animals has been clearly established. These bacteria have been detected world wide in products of animal origin and in healthy animals as well as in surface water. A fourth species Arcobacter cibarius was recently discovered on chicken carcasses. Although evidence was found for the connection of Arcobacter spp. with human and animal illness, Arcobacter spp. can be pathogens, opportunistic pathogens and commensals. Their potential as zoonotic foodborne and waterborne agents, the routes of transmission and the pathogenic mechanisms of these bacteria are largely unknown. Production of toxins or other virulence factors has not been demonstrated but adhesive and/or invasive properties were apparent. Antibiotic resistance is present in Arcobacter strains to significant levels. The tools to genetically access Arcobacter-like transformation of strains, construction of mutants are not yet available. Nor have genes (i.e. potential virulence factors) been cloned, expressed and characterized in other host organisms. Therefore those interested in the microbiology of these organisms eagerly await publication of the complete nucleotide sequence of the Arcobacter genome. The abundant presence of four Arcobacter species in foods of animal origin and the recovery of these bacteria from surface and drinking water suggest an important role of these bacteria as foodborne or waterborne agent and possibly as zoonotic agent.  相似文献   

10.
Abortion in dairy cows in well-managed dairies is not common but differences have been reported probably due to variation in animal health, nutrition and management, as well as difficulties in observing the aborted material. A 38-month study of 507 large Danish dairy herds revealed 3354 late-term abortions and 224,419 calvings were recorded. During the study period, a total of 3717 submissions were made to the Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research (DFVF). A broad spectrum of abortive agents was isolated but none were found to be statistically associated with abortions. The number of abortions in a month on a dairy was significantly (P<0.001) associated with the number of cows in the third trimester but explained only 11% (R(adj)(2)=0.114) of the variability of the reported abortions. A total of 23 herds (4.5%) reported 531 abortions (15.8%). Although a marginally significant (P=0.11) risk of increased abortions was found to exist in bovine viral diarrhea virus- (BVDV) infected herds, it could be at least partially explained by additional calvings in those herds. Temporal correlation between inseminations and abortions was statistically significant (P<0.001) with the highest correlation (r=0.47-0.51) after lagging abortions on insemination by 6-8 months. No indication of spatial clustering was detected for either specific-abortogenic pathogens or high aborting dairies using either Cuzick-Edwards' (P>0.17) or spatial scan tests (P>0.23). Ederer-Myers-Mantel test was applied to 3 years of data on the highest aborting dairies and showed that July had nearly double the expected number of maximum monthly abortions (P<0.001). These findings provide further insight into the reported abortion pattern in Danish dairies and may facilitate planning future control programs.  相似文献   

11.
The protozoa Neospora caninum is an important cause of bovine abortion world-wide. The objective of this survey was to determine the distribution pattern of infectious abortion in Southern Brazil with special reference to N. caninum infection. A total of 161 bovine aborted fetuses from 149 farms were analysed during a 1.5 year period. The cause of abortion was identified in 51.5% of cases. Overall, 23% (37/161) of the fetuses were considered to be infected with N. caninum. Bacterial infection accounted for 17.4% (28/161) of cases, fungal infection for 3.1% (5/161) of cases and viral aetiology for 1.8% (3/161). Six fetuses had concurrent infection with N. caninum and Leptospira spp. Data from 111 fetuses and the respective aborted cows were analysed to investigate the association between previous abortion and current N. caninum infection. The prevalence of N. caninum-infected fetuses from cows with and without a history of previous abortion was 44% (11/25) and 24.4% (21/86), respectively. Cows aborting a N. caninum-infected fetuses were 2.4 times more likely to have aborted previously than cows aborting for other reasons (95% CI of odds ratio=0.9-6.8, P=0.06).  相似文献   

12.
AIM: To type Campylobacter isolates from sheep abortions from the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand. METHODS: Campylobacter isolates were collected from aborted sheep fetuses from commercial farms in the Hawke's Bay region. Information on the Campylobacter vaccination status of flocks in the study was collected. Isolates were identified to species level using standard phenotypic tests, then typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: Eighty-one C. fetus subsp. fetus isolates were cultured from aborted sheep fetuses from 25 farms and four C. jejuni isolates were cultured from fetuses from three farms. The C. fetus subsp. fetus isolates were classified into six PFGE groups. A single pulsed-field type predominated amongst isolates from 19 of the 25 farms. The C. jejuni isolates comprised two types. CONCLUSIONS: A range of C. fetus subsp. fetus PFGE types was identified, and one type, B1, was found most frequently. Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus was only isolated from samples from sheep that had not been vaccinated with C. fetus subsp. fetus vaccine that season.  相似文献   

13.
Investigations were made to identify the causal agent of an acute outbreak of abortions in a domesticated herd of wild boar. Only porcine parvovirus (PPV) was isolated from samples of organs from the still-born sucklings and mummified aborted fetuses. The isolated virus hemagglutinated erythrocytes of guinea pig, murine, rat, and chicken. Identity of the virus, designated the BQ strain, was confirmed by the production of a specific cytopathic effect on susceptible cells and by the results from ELISA, PCR, immunofluorescence assay, and electron microscopy. PPV BQ strain was adapted to growth in a swine testicular cell line. When inoculated into healthy sows, PPV BQ caused the same reproductive disorder observed in the affected herd.  相似文献   

14.
Neospora caninum is considered one of the major causes of abortion in cattle in most parts of the world. In this study, the role of N. caninum was investigated in groups of aborted cattle and dairy herds from the west of France. Good correlation was found between parasite DNA detection in fetuses and serologic statuses of dams. In groups with documented abortion status and no antibodies to other pathogens, 17-45% of aborted animals were seropositive for N. caninum, and significant relationship between prevalence of Neospora antibodies and frequency of abortions was found. Neospora-associated abortions were observed all the year round, with a peak in summer. Higher ratios of seropositive abortions were found before the 6th month of gestation. In 12 herds studied in the field, serologic prevalence ranged 6-47%. No difference in age was found between seropositive and seronegative cows. Results indicate that N. caninum is an important and stable cause of abortion in cattle in France.  相似文献   

15.
Campylobacter jejuni was inoculated intravenously into pregnant ewes on gestation days 114 and 123 to reproduce ovine abortion. All ewes aborted 7-12 days post-inoculation. High numbers of C. jejuni were isolated from ewe tissues (caruncle, bile, cecal feces), fetal tissues, and placenta. C. jejuni colonies were identified in caruncles and placenta by light microscopy and immunoperoxidase techniques. Histologically, inoculated ewes had a severe purulent endometritis with vasculitis. Placentas from inoculated ewes and field cases showed necrosis and purulent inflammation; however, placentas from inoculated ewes had large numbers of bacterial colonies compared to few bacteria found in field cases. Histologically, only one fetus from the inoculated ewes showed lesions (purulent bronchopneumonia), whereas all fetuses from field cases had a distinct bronchopneumonia, and one fetus showed multifocal hepatic necrosis. These results suggest that C. jejuni (serotypes Penner 1 and Lior 2) is an important abortifacient organism for sheep.  相似文献   

16.
Kim J  Jung K  Chae C 《The Veterinary record》2004,155(16):489-492
A retrospective study of natural cases of abortion, recorded between October 2000 and September 2002, was made to determine the prevalence of abortions associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). The virus was detected by PCR, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation. A total of 46 (13.1 per cent) of 350 aborted fetuses and stillborn piglets were positive for PCV-2 by PCR, and the virus was detected in fetuses at all stages of gestation. Viral antigen was detected in macrophages from the aborted fetuses and stillborn piglets by immunohistochemistry, and viral DNA was detected by in situ hybridisation.  相似文献   

17.
Bacillus sp is known to cause abortion in cattle and sheep, but it is rarely reported to cause abortion in swine. Bacillus sp was isolated from aborted fetuses, and lesions compatible with a bacterial infection were detected in 4 of 962 aborted porcine fetuses examined. The infection apparently results in sporadic abortions and is not likely to cause economically significant reproductive failures within a herd.  相似文献   

18.
Abortion in sheep and goats has become increasingly important worldwide because of the significant economic losses and potential zoonotic implication of commonly involved pathogens. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Iran to detect the Chlamydophila abortus and Coxiella burnetii, as zoonotic pathogens, and Mycoplasma agalactiae, as a neglected abortifacient agent in small ruminants’ aborted fetuses, by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From a total of 300 aborted fetuses (183 sheep and 117 goats), 46 samples (15.5%) were positive by PCR, 11% for C. abortus, 2% for C. burnetii, and 3% for M. agalactiae. Also, the association of suggested risk factors with abortion due to these bacterial agents was investigated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results of the statistical analysis showed significant association of C. abortus with flock size (OR?=?2.82, P?=?0.014), season (P?<?0.05), and the number of pregnancy in the aborted dam (OR?=?2.5, P?=?0.05). Our results indicated that C. abortus has a relatively substantial role in small ruminant abortions, and C. burnetii and M. agalactiae are likely important abortifacient agents in our region, too. Regarding veterinary and/or public health importance of these bacterial agents, more attention from veterinary and/or human health services and, maybe, a surveillance system for control and prevention of them are recommended.  相似文献   

19.
Ten 75- to 105-day-pregnant does each were inoculated orally within 1 million (2 does), 10,000 (4 does), or 1,000 (4 does) sporocysts of Sarcocystis from coyote feces. Two does not inoculated with sporocysts served as controls. The 2 does inoculated with 1 million sporocysts died from acute sarcocystosis 21 and 22 days after inoculation (DAI), and each had 2 dead fetuses. The 4 does inoculated with 10,000 sporocysts were ill 19 to 33 DAI but survived; 1 aborted at 33 DAI, 1 had a live kid that died within 2 hours of birth 31 DAI, 1 aborted 2 dead fetuses 23 DAI, and 1 had a normal kid 56 DAI. The 4 does inoculated with 1,000 sporocysts and the 2 control does remained clinically normal and had normal kids. Does and their offspring were killed within 24 hours of parturition, and their tissues were examined histologically and microbiologically. Meronts of Sarcocystis were found in the maternal placenta of does inoculated with 1 million sporocysts. Sarcocystis was not found in the placenta, fetuses, or tissues of kids from does inoculated with 10,000 or 1,000 sporocysts, or from control does. Other abortifacient agents were not found in the placenta, fetuses, or kids from any does.  相似文献   

20.
The problems addressed are: (1) comparison of prevalences of Salmonella spp. in different herd types in the Danish pig population after implementation of the Danish Salmonella Control Program (DSCP), and (2) to make a reference to a study from 1993/1994 (pre-implementation) with a discussion of possible biases when diagnostic methods differ slightly. The objectives were to present the prevalences of Salmonella spp., Salmonella Typhimurium, and multiresistant S. Typhimurium DT104 in Danish pig herds in 1998. Further, to discuss how herd prevalences may be compared to a previous study.A bacteriological study in 1998 comprised: (a) a random sample of slaughter pig producing herds (N=1962); (b) a random sample of farrow-to-grower (sow) herds (N=305); and (c) all breeding and multiplying (genetic) herds (N=366). A previous bacteriological study on Salmonella presence in 1993/1994 served as a model for the present study. The results of the study were that multiresistant S. Typhimurium DT104 was detected in one herd producing slaughter pigs. The herd apparent prevalences (HAPs) of Salmonella spp. were 11.7, 16.7 and 11.4% in genetic, sow, and slaughter pig herds, respectively. The conclusion of the study was that prevalence of multiresistant S. Typhimurium DT104 was low in the examined slaughter pig herds. The herd true prevalence (HTP) of Salmonella spp. in pigs had declined from before the start of the DSCP in 1993/1994 to 4 years later (1998).  相似文献   

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