首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
Suhua Fu  Baoyuan Liu  Heping Liu  Li Xu 《CATENA》2011,84(1-2):29-34
Slope gradient is an important factor that affects soil erosion. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of slope gradient on soil erosion and determine the splash contribution to interrill erosion at short steep slopes. An experimental device was used to make simultaneous measurements of interrill splash and wash at 9, 18, 27, 36, 47, 58, 70, 84, and 100% slopes under a constant rainfall intensity of 67 mm h? 1 in a laboratory setting. The specially designed runoff and sediment collection system provided a means of partitioning total splash into four directional components and interrill sediment transport into wash and splash components. The results revealed that the total splash loss, net downslope splash loss and wash loss all increased with slope, and then decreased after a maximum value was reached. The slope factor equation of short slopes in RUSLE matched the wash loss from this study very well when the slope gradient was less than or equal to 58%. The ratio of net downslope splash loss to wash loss increased from 0.21 to 1.33 as the slope gradient increased from 9% to 100%. Taken together, these results indicate that upslope splash loss was a very important component of the total splash loss on gentle slopes and may be neglected on slopes greater than 36%. Splash transport was a significant part of interrill sediment delivery at short steep slopes.  相似文献   

2.
坡度对降雨溅蚀影响的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
利用可以分别收集不同方向溅蚀土样的土槽装置,选取9个坡度(5°~45°),采用北京的普通褐土,借助人工模拟降雨手段研究了降雨溅蚀的发生过程及溅蚀量与坡度的关系。结果表明,随着坡度的不同,各方向的溅蚀过程呈现三种形式:(1)产流前溅蚀率较小,产流后迅速达到峰值,之后逐渐减小并逐渐达到稳定,峰值与稳定溅蚀率相差2倍以上;(2)产流前溅蚀率最大,产流后迅速减小并趋于稳定;(3)整个降雨过程中没有明显起伏。各个坡度下,次降雨溅蚀量均为上坡最小,下坡最大。上坡和侧坡溅蚀量与坡度成负相关,可分别用直线和指数函数拟合。下坡溅蚀量、溅蚀总分散量和溅蚀净搬运量均随着坡度的增大而先增大后减小,且为线性关系,临界坡度为35°。本研究将有助于深入理解降雨溅蚀侵蚀机理,并可为布设水土保持措施提供理论依据。  相似文献   

3.
产流积水法测量降雨侵蚀影响下坡地土壤入渗性能   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  
坡地土壤降雨入渗性能与下垫面对降雨的再分配过程密切相关。该文提出了测量坡地降雨条件下土壤入渗能力的产流积水法。由水量平衡原理，根据径流在坡面上推进的过程和积水情况下积水深度随时间变化的过程，推导得到了计算土壤入渗性能的数学模型。采用两种工况：1)雨强为60 mm/h、坡度5°、径流面与入渗面长度比为1∶2；2)雨强30 mm/h、坡度20°、径流面与入渗面长度比为1∶1。进行室内试验，计算得到了两种工况的入渗性能曲线。分析了这种新型测量方法和计算模型的合理性。将时段降雨量和累计入渗量进行对比，估计了两种工况的测量误差。该方法可以克服传统的降雨器和双环入渗仪方法的不足，用于测量坡地降雨、径流、土壤侵蚀等因素影响下的整个降雨入渗性能过程曲线。为相关研究提供有力的工具。  相似文献   

4.
降雨特性和坡度对辽西低山丘陵区坡耕地褐土溅蚀的影响   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  
为揭示辽西低山丘陵区坡耕地典型土壤溅蚀特征,选取褐土为研究对象,采用人工模拟降雨试验研究降雨特性和坡度对溅蚀的影响。结果表明:随着降雨强度的增大,5°和10°溅蚀量分别由6.86g/cm和8.13g/cm增加到14.21g/cm和16.00g/cm,增加幅度为48.47%~209.81%;不同溅蚀距离内的溅蚀量表现为0~5cm>5~10cm>10~15cm>15~20cm>20~25cm,溅蚀距离0~5cm范围内的溅蚀量(75mm/h)为7.29g/cm,占0~25cm范围内总溅蚀量(16.00g/cm)的45.56%,溅蚀距离20~25cm范围内的溅蚀量仅占9.88%。溅蚀量与降雨强度和溅蚀距离均具有较好的指数关系,其回归方程的决定系数R2在0.8以上。随着降雨时间的延续,溅蚀量逐渐增加,但溅蚀量增长率呈减小的趋势;降雨历时由5min增加到10min时溅蚀量增长率最大。溅蚀量和降雨历时之间具有较好的指数关系,其回归方程的决定系数R2在0.9以上。随着降雨强度发生变化时,溅蚀团聚体空间分布规律也随之发生改变。各径级团聚体的溅蚀距离均随降雨强度的增大而增大,2~5mm团聚体由30mm/h的0~5cm扩大到75mm/h的0~15cm。溅蚀团聚体以粒径<1mm为主,小粒径团聚体溅蚀距离和溅蚀量均大于大粒径团聚体,>5mm团聚体并没有迁移。5°总溅蚀量、上坡溅蚀量、下坡溅蚀量、净溅蚀量(75mm/h)依次为14.21,3.54,10.67,7.13g/cm,10°依次为16.00,3.85,12.15,8.30g/cm,与5°相比显著增加12.60%,8.76%,13.87%,16.41%,下坡溅蚀量大于上坡溅蚀量。  相似文献   

5.
Numerous villages in the European loess belt are confronted with floods caused by runoff from agricultural land. Seventy-nine percent of the municipalities in central Belgium experienced at least one muddy flood during the last decade. Of these flooded municipalities, 22% have been affected more than 10 times during this period. Twenty municipalities have been selected for a detailed analysis. A database of 367 locations affected by muddy floods has been compiled, and the connectivity between cultivated areas and inhabited zones could be assessed for 100 flooded locations. Roads and drainage network facilitate runoff transfer between cultivated and inhabited areas in 64% of cases. Three types of areas producing muddy floods have been identified: hillslopes (1–30 ha) without thalweg where runoff is generally dominated by sheet flow; small catchments (10–300 ha) characterised by runoff concentration in the thalweg and medium catchments (100–300 ha) with multiple thalwegs dominated by concentrated runoff. About 90% of muddy floods are generated on hillslopes and in small catchments. A critical area–slope threshold for triggering muddy floods has been computed for hillslopes. A logistic regression shows that muddy floods are generated in small and medium catchments with 99% probability after 43 mm rainfall. Rainfall depths required to trigger muddy floods are lower in May and June (25 ±12 mm) than between July and September (46 ± 20 mm), because of different surface conditions (crusting, roughness and crop cover). Each year, muddy floods lead to a total societal cost of 16 × 106–172 × 106 € in central Belgium, depending on the extent and intensity of thunderstorms and monetary values damaged. Recent datasets suggest that the phenomenon is becoming more frequent in central Belgium, because of land consolidation, urban sprawl and expansion of row crops, sown in spring, at the expense of winter cereals. The huge costs induced by muddy floods justify the installation of erosion control measures. It is suggested to install a grassed buffer strip at the downslope edge of cultivated hillslopes to protect houses and roads. In small and medium catchments, it is preferred to install a grassed waterway and earthen dams in the thalweg.  相似文献   

6.
A species of commercially obtained freshwater mussel (Elliptio complanata) was shown to actively filter, concentrate, and retain fecal coliform (FC) bacteria from a variety of freshwater stream environments. Fecal coliform densities in mussel viscera were maximum within 48 hr of in situ exposure. Significant FC reproduction did not occur in mussel viscera at temperatures below 30 °C. Variation in replicate FC determinations from mussels exposed in situ for 48 hr was less than that obtained directly from water samples. Numbers of FC concentrated in mussel viscera were retained for several hours after FC densities declined in the surrounding water, suggesting the utility of mussels to record recent episodes of fecal pollution.  相似文献   

7.
To encourage the adoption of best management practices in a priority catchment (Hampshire Avon) in south-west England suffering from diffuse pollution, field demonstration areas were established over a 2-year period on three major soil types (a Chalk soil with an 8° slope, a Greensand soil on a 5° slope and an underdrained Clay soil with a 1° slope). Within each demonstration area, three replicate runoff plots measuring 15 m long and 2 m wide and each containing a tramline were established to monitor the effectiveness of cultivation date (early versus late) and cultivation method (traditional versus reduced) on suspended sediment and P mobilization in surface runoff. Reduced cultivation consisted of heavy discing (5–8 cm depth) instead of ploughing (20–25 cm depth). Soil cultivation effects were variable and site specific depending on weather, inherent soil susceptibility to structural degradation and management. Surface sealing of the Greensand soil, tramline compaction on the Chalk soil and direction of drilling on the Clay soil were key contributing factors. Late cultivation increased surface runoff up to 5-fold and mobilization of sediment and P by up to an order of magnitude compared to early drilling using traditional cultivation techniques. Concentrations of sediment and P in runoff from the Greensand and Chalk soils were consistently lower when the soil was minimally tilled than ploughed, even though a range of soil physical measurements indicated greater soil consolidation where the soil was not inverted. The benefits of reduced cultivation were attributed to better surface cover and a firmer surface for tractor wheelings. Early drilling, timeliness of cultivation to avoid soil compaction, better tramline management and reduced cultivation techniques would help reduce agriculture's impact on water quality in the catchment area.  相似文献   

8.
The contributions and relationships of erosion by splash and overland flow over a steep slope in a Japanese beech forest in plots with different percentages of ground cover were examined. Three erosion plots (2 m wide × 5 m long) with average understory coverage of 1%, 45%, and 94% were installed. Sediment transported by rain splash and by overland flow was sampled separately. For the plots with sparse, moderate, and high understory coverage, the average proportions of splash soil to total soil erosion during the monitoring period were 16%, 32%, and 18%, respectively. A significant correlation between the amount of splash soil and precipitation was found in the plots with 1% and 45% understory coverage, whereas no statistical relationship was identified for the plot with high understory coverage. At the sparse ground cover plot showing the largest sediment movement, the contribution of splash transport decreased with increasing precipitation. The amount of sheetwash erosion was significantly correlated with the amount of splash soil under the condition of sparse ground cover. This relationship was more pronounced during high precipitation events and the rainy season. Splash contribution to the sediment transport was in the range of 0.8%–76.7%, 2.8%–81% and 2.1%–60.8% for plot with high, moderate and low ground cover, respectively. The sparse ground cover showed the largest variation of splash and sheetwash contribution in soil erosion. This variability was due to variation in ground cover and soil surface wetness condition which led to a variation of detachment and non-linear relationship of sheetwash splash.  相似文献   

9.
岩层倾向对喀斯特槽谷区地表/地下产流过程的影响   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
喀斯特槽谷区在降雨过程中极易发生水土流失,这使得该区生态环境被破坏。以喀斯特槽谷区为研究对象,通过室内模拟其典型顺/逆层坡面特征及地下孔裂隙发育程度,利用人工降雨试验研究不同雨强条件下地表地下产流特征,从而揭示喀斯特槽谷区地表地下产流机制。结果表明:(1)喀斯特槽谷区地表地下产流受雨强影响,小雨强(30 mm/h)条件下地下产流量大于地表产流量,中雨强(60 mm/h)条件下地表产流量增大且裸坡条件下地表产流量大于地下产流量,大雨强(90 mm/h)条件下裸坡与顺层坡的地表产流量均大于地下产流量。(2)地下孔裂隙发育程度对地表地下产流量的分配比例产生影响,地下孔裂隙度越大则地下产流量越多,且2%～3%的地下孔裂隙度时地表地下产流量分配比例发生转变。(3)不同岩层倾向条件下,地表产流量及其分配比例最高为裸坡,最低为逆层坡,地下产流量及其分配比例最高为逆层坡,最低为裸坡。(4)不同岩层倾角条件下,顺层坡地表产流量最高为30°,最低为90°,地下产流量则相反;逆层坡地表产流量最高为90°,最低为60°,地下产流量最高为60°,最低为90°。研究结果可为喀斯特槽谷区地表及地下产流机制的进一步认识提供科学依据。  相似文献   

10.
为查明薄层紫色土坡耕地土-岩二元结构中胶体颗粒随地表径流和泥岩裂隙潜流迁移的规律,在2015年3场自然降雨事件中对1 500 m~2大型坡耕地径流场进行监测研究。结果表明:1)地表径流的产流方式主要受土壤前期水饱和度、降雨强度和历时影响;裂隙潜流则主要受降雨量控制,其峰值流量对降雨的响应滞后于地表径流30 min左右;坡中部和坡下部对地表径流、裂隙潜流的贡献明显高于坡上部。2)地表径流中胶体颗粒质量浓度数十倍于裂隙潜流,最高可达4 827 mg/L,单场降雨事件中地表径流胶体迁移总量可超过7 kg。3)地表径流和裂隙潜流中胶体迁移速度快于径流,胶体质量浓度峰值的出现早于径流量峰值;地表径流中的胶体颗粒质量浓度主要受土壤水饱和度和径流过程控制。该研究结果对于估算农田中胶体结合态污染物的迁移通量具有参考价值。  相似文献   

11.
A bacterial water quality model (BWQM) was developed and used to evaluate the impacts of cattle farming and climate change on the stream fecal coliform pollution in the Salmon River watershed in south-central British Columbia, Canada. The accuracy of the model simulation was evaluated using the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (COE). The BWQM simulated the observed field data well, with the values of the COE ranging from 0.76 to 0.78 for the stream flow, from 0.55 to 0.60 for the fecal coliform (FC) concentration, and from 0.85 to 0.89 for the FC loading. The BWQM captured more than 79%, 66%, and 90% variation of the daily stream flow, FC concentration, and FC loading, respectively. The BWQM predicts that between 70% and 80% of the FC were transferred from the cattle farm to the Salmon River through the snowmelt-caused surface runoff during late winter and early spring, with the balance 20% to 30% coming from the soil-lateral flow and the groundwater return flow. The model also indicates that the stream FC concentration is sensitive to the distance of the cattle farm to the Salmon River. The model scenario analysis reveals that the climate change, at an assumed 1??C increment of daily air temperature, results in an increase in the stream FC concentration in the spring, fall, and winter, but there is also a decrease in the summer. The increased air temperature also changes the seasonal pattern of the stream FC concentration. Rainfall can reduce the stream FC concentration and mitigate the impact of the increased air temperature on the stream FC concentration as long as it does not result in a surface runoff or flooding event.  相似文献   

12.
淮北平原黄潮土多雨强变坡度产流产沙规律试验模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
针对淮北平原黄潮土水土流失严重的问题,为揭示其产流产沙规律,利用五道沟水文实验站大型人工模拟降雨径流试验场,开展了40,60,80mm/h 3个雨强及5°,10°,15°3个坡度产流产沙规律试验模拟。结果表明:坡面初始产流时间随坡度、雨强的增大而缩短,雨强、坡度越大缩短越不明显;单位时间产流、产沙量随降雨时间变化的转折点在产流后6～15min,单位时间产流量随降雨时间变化表现为前期快速增加,中期缓慢增加,后期平稳,其中40,60mm/h雨强单位时间产流量随坡度增加而减小,80mm/h雨强随坡度的增加而增加;单位时间产沙量随雨强、坡度的增大而增大;不同坡度累计产沙量及产流量随降雨时间变化呈幂函数或线性函数关系(R20.99);坡度及雨强与坡面产流、产沙总量分别呈多元线性和多元幂函数关系。  相似文献   

13.
溅蚀研究进展   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
溅蚀是水蚀的初始阶段,是雨滴对地表击打直接作用的结果,是一个动能减少,地表土壤颗粒发生位移的过程。溅蚀主要发生在坡面产生径流之前和刚产生径流时,是水蚀的主要形式之一。国内外学者对溅蚀的影响因素的研究主要集中在降雨特征、土壤特性以及地形因素等方面,其中主要影响因子包括:坡度、降雨特征、植被覆盖和土层结构。溅蚀量随坡度的增大逐渐增多,但是坡度超过临界坡度时,随坡度增大而减小;随降雨强度和雨滴大小增大而增大;地表植被对降雨有直接的再分配的过程,主要表现为截流、透流和干流3方面,当地表覆盖物超过1cm时,溅蚀可以完全消失;不同级配的土壤颗粒抗溅蚀能力不同,粒径在0.15mm附近的颗粒最容易被溅蚀,溅蚀同时随着土壤结皮厚度增大,土壤抗溅蚀能力增强。然而目前国内外对溅蚀的研究主要是在实验室模拟条件下完成的,较少有野外实地的研究,更缺乏在实际农业生产条件下的研究。所以需要在前人的基础上结合我国有些地方坡耕地较多的情况,在不同作物、作物生产方式和土地耕作方式等条件下,探讨坡耕地溅蚀规律。  相似文献   

14.
雨强和坡度对红壤坡耕地地表径流及壤中流的影响   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  
地表径流和壤中流是坡面重要水文过程,雨强和坡度是影响坡面地表径流和壤中流产流主要因素。为研究降雨强度和地表坡度对坡耕地地表径流和壤中流的影响,该文采用人工模拟降雨试验法,在长3.0 m、宽1.5 m、深0.5 m土槽,设计4个不同坡度(5°、10°、15°、20°)和3个不同雨强(30、60、90 mm/h)对红壤坡耕地地表径流及壤中流产流过程进行模拟试验。结果表明:1)壤中流开始产流时间滞后于地表径流,降雨强度从30到90 mm/h,地表径流、壤中流产流开始时间均随雨强增大而减小,壤中流比地表产流开始滞后时间随着雨强增大先增大后趋于稳定;2)地表径流强度随雨强增大而增大,壤中流初始径流强度随雨强增大而增大,不同雨强下壤中流径流峰值相近;3)地表径流和壤中流产流过程曲线有明显差异,地表径流产流过程线先增大后趋于稳定,壤中流产流过程线呈抛物线型即先增大后减小;4)从5°到20°,地表产流开始时间随坡度增大而减小,壤中流产流开始时间随坡度增大先减小后增大;5)从5°到20°,地表径流强度先增大后减小,10°为转折坡度,壤中流产流峰值随坡度增大而减小,并且随着坡度增大达到壤中流峰值时间不断减小。  相似文献   

15.
Rill erosion easily occurs on tilled surfaces because the soil shear resistance is less than the runoff shear stress. However, rill erosion formation and evolution on tilled surfaces under upslope inflow conditions remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the rill formation process and rill erosion amount on tilled surfaces via flow scouring under different inflow rates (4, 6, and 8 L min−1) at a 15° slope. Close-range photogrammetric technology was applied to measure the rill morphology during the experiments. The results suggested that the rill formation process due to inflow could be divided into two distinct stages, namely, before and after runoff reached the downslope end, i.e., stages I and II, respectively. At stage I, runoff washed soil particles along the downslope direction. In this process, due to limited transport capacity of runoff, washed soil particles were deposited at the runoff head and formed a soil mound, which blocked the flow path, after which the runoff direction changed within the 6.7°− 50.6° range with an average moving distance of 0.62 m. As a result, a curved rill and a series of soil mounds were left on the surface. The inflow rate affected rill morphology by influencing the runoff direction change angle and runoff moving distance between the mounds on the surface. Herein, the rill formation process is referred to as downslope-trending erosion by inflow (DTEI). At stage II, runoff reached the downslope end, and a rill channel was formed throughout the slope. Thereafter, DTEI was largely reduced, and headward erosion was strengthened. As a result, the rill morphology quickly changed, such as the rill depth and rill width, which gradually increased with ongoing headward erosion. During DTEI, the rill paths were curved due to sediment deposition, and the sediment deposition conditions varied under the different inflow rates. Therefore, the rill curvature (RC) differed (1.039 ± 0.014). The RC decreased with headward erosion progression at stage II. The total sediment yield (TSY) increased with increasing inflow rate. Under inflow rates ranging from 4 to 6 L min−1 and 6–8 L min−1, the TSY increased 2.1–2.4 times. Consequently, DTEI on tilled surfaces significantly affects the initial rill morphology and evolution at the later stage. Hence, on slopes, its role should be considered in rill erosion assessment.  相似文献   

16.
通过室内模拟降雨试验,探究单颗粒液滴飞溅对泥沙颗粒起动的影响。试验共设计4种地表坡度（0,15°,25°,35°）及4种粒径的均匀沙（0.098~0.104,0.104~0.5,0.5~0.78,1~1.4 mm）,选取当量直径为4.5 mm的液滴进行模拟试验,同时利用高吸水树脂材料泡发后的水球作为对照组。结果表明,颗粒直径和坡度的变化对颗粒起动的影响较为显著,飞溅子液滴对液滴溅蚀具有重要意义。随着颗粒直径的增大,颗粒的起动逐渐由液滴冲击和子液滴飞溅裹挟共同作用转变为液滴冲击动能传递为主,飞溅携带为辅。当颗粒直径相同时,坡度的增大导致飞溅沙粒不再均衡,斜坡下方的颗粒飞溅量和位移随坡度的增大而增大。坡度越大,下方颗粒溅蚀深度与上方的差距也越大,导致上方颗粒失去支撑,整体失稳垮塌,发生微小滑坡。同种粒径时,树脂水球溅蚀坑的宽深比明显小于相同直径的液滴溅蚀坑,液滴溅蚀量远大于树脂水球直接撞击作用下起动的颗粒量,子液滴的拖曳对颗粒起动具有重要意义。  相似文献   

17.
Soil crusting and infiltration on steep slopes in northern Thailand   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  
Predicting the rate at which rain infiltrates on steep slopes is very uncertain. There is no consistent information in the literature. We have therefore related infiltrability to slope gradient under field conditions by experimenting on a gravelly loamy soil occupying the upper half of a cultivated convex hill in northern Thailand. Fifteen 1 m × 1 m plots with slope gradients ranging from 16 to 63% were established, and simulated rain was allowed to fall on them at controlled rates and for fixed times. We obtained the following results. The surface fell 0.4–7.2 mm due to compaction and soil loss. The proportions of crust (0–40%) and embedded gravel (10–60%), the runoff coefficient (0.05–0.78 mm mm?1), the mean sediment concentrations (0–5.6 g l?1), and soil detachment (10–313 g m?2) were more pronounced on the gentle slopes than on the steep ones. The steady final infiltration rate (1–107 mm hour?1) increased sharply with increasing slope gradient. Microaggregates tended to behave like sand and become tightly packed on gentle slopes (packing crust). These results suggest that the vertical component of kinetic energy, which is greater on gentle slopes, has a dominant role. Nevertheless, the differences in compaction and in sediment concentration could not be ascribed to the vertical component of kinetic energy alone. On steep slopes the horizontal component of the kinetic energy is transformed into shear stress, hampering the development of crusts so that water can still infiltrate. On steeper slopes, the water film was thinner, thereby limiting the role of splash. We conclude that the relationship between slope gradient and infiltrability depends on the nature of the soil and must be examined in the light of surface crusting processes.  相似文献   

18.
Splash erosion plays a vital role in the loss of eroded materials. Unlike those in slope central areas, laterally ejected splashed materials in slope border areas cannot be replenished easily because slope edges prevent splash erosion particles from entering the slope. Thus, splashed materials in slope border areas are less than those in slope central areas because of the lack of source areas for splash-eroded materials. However, this phenomenon, called the slope border effect, has received minimal attention by researchers. The partially missing splash erosion induced by the slope border effect on sediment transport was investigated to understand the slope erosion mechanism further in this paper. A modified soil pan divided into four areas, namely, central erosion test area (length = 100 cm, width = 35 cm, depth = 45 cm), border erosion test area (length = 100 cm, width = 35 cm, depth = 45 cm), splash compensate border area (length = 110 cm, width = 30 cm, depth = 45 cm) and splash collection area (length = 100 cm, width = 2.5 cm, depth = 45 cm) was used to monitor diffusion and splash erosion under simulated rainfall. Results showed that the splash detachment rate increased with the increase in slope but initially decreased and then increased with the increase in rainfall intensity. The runoff rate and diffuse erosion rates for complete splash erosion (SE) treatments were higher than those without partial splash erosion (SEL). Under low rainfall erosive power and runoff transport capacity (e.g., 5° slope and 60 mm h−1), the transported clay in SE treatments was approximately 2% more than that in SEL treatments. This amount changed to more than 2% sand under high rainfall and runoff erosive power. However, the mass fraction accounted for by silt particles in the sediments of the SEL treatments was more than that in the SE treatments. Thus, the partially missing splash erosion can weaken the selective transport ability of runoff for sediments. The effect of missing partial splash erosion on diffuse erosion was enhanced with an increase in erosive power. The results of our paper will provide insights into the effect of the boundary effect zone of slope on soil erosion and its related mechanisms.  相似文献   

19.
为研究不同岩土格局对喀斯特坡地水土流失/漏失的影响,利用人工模拟降雨试验,以裸坡为对照组,研究镶嵌格局、横坡格局、顺坡格局3种岩土覆被格局下的坡面产流产沙特征。结果表明：(1)顺坡格局的地表产流量最多,分别较镶嵌格局、横坡格局与裸坡的地表产流量增加88.6%,67.1%,576.1%,同时顺坡格局的地下产流量最少,分别较镶嵌格局、横坡格局与裸坡减少37.5%,36.1%,39.2%。(2)地表产沙量顺坡格局>镶嵌格局>横坡格局>裸坡,地下产沙量镶嵌格局>横坡格局>顺坡格局>裸坡。3种岩土格局的地表产沙量较裸坡均有明显增加,但地下产沙量相对增加较少。(3)岩土格局可改变地表径流泥沙关系,地表累积径流量与地表累积产沙量呈幂函数关系,镶嵌格局明显改变地表径流泥沙关系,使坡面地表侵蚀量显著提升。研究结果可进一步深化对喀斯特坡地降雨侵蚀规律的认识,为喀斯特地区的石漠化治理提供参考依据。  相似文献   

20.
工程建设中施工便道导致的水土流失与传统土壤侵蚀不同，施工便道改变原自然坡面形态及水文过程，致使植被破坏、地表裸露，并形成路面、挖填边坡等多个侵蚀产沙部位，结构松散的路堑及边坡对降雨的响应更强、速度更快，土质低等级道路所引起的土壤侵蚀问题占比很大，因此研究可为工程扰动中施工便道的水土流失防治提供基础依据。以林芝市巴宜区为研究对象，采用WEPP模型对工程扰动下不同降雨条件、不同坡度坡长情况下施工便道边坡径流量、土壤流失量进行模拟分析，揭示施工便道边坡水土流失特征规律和关键影响因素。结果表明：(1)开始产生径流的60 min最大雨强(I60)为11.16 mm/h,降雨量为12.40 mm;I60处于10～17 mm/h范围内径流量低于0.50 mm,土壤流失量低于0.010 kg/m2,当I60超过17 mm/h后，I60与径流量、土壤流失量具有线性关系。(2)径流量随坡度增加呈“快速增加—增速减慢—逐渐减小”3个阶段，坡度在5°以下时产生最低径流量56.98～58.00 mm,坡...  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号