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1.
Knowledge of the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs to combat bacterial infections in cod (Gadus morhua) and wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris) is limited. One antimicrobial agent likely to be effective is flumequine. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of flumequine in these two species. Flumequine was administered intravenously to cod (G. morhua) at a dose of 5 mg/kg bodyweight and wrasse (C. rupestris) at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Flumequine was also administered orally to both species at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, and as a bath treatment at a dose of 10 mg/L water for 2 h. Identical experimental designs were used otherwise. The study was performed in seawater with a salinity of 3.2% and a temperature of 8.0 +/- 0.2 degrees C (cod) and 14.5 +/- 0.4 degrees C (wrasse). Pharmacokinetic modelling of the data showed that flumequine had quite different pharmacokinetic properties in cod and wrasse. Following intravenous administration, the volumes of distribution at steady-state (Vss) were 2.41 L/kg (cod) and 2.15 L/kg (wrasse). Total body clearances (Cl) were 0.024 L/hxkg (cod) and 0.14 L/hxkg (wrasse) and the elimination half-lives (t1/2lambda z) were calculated to be 75 h (cod) and 31 h (wrasse). Mean residence times (MRT) were 99 h (cod) and 16 h (wrasse). Following oral administration, the t1/2 lambda z were 74 h (cod) and 41 h (wrasse). Maximal plasma concentrations (tmax) were 3.5 mg/L (cod) and 1.7 mg/L (wrasse), and were observed 24 h post-administration in cod and 1 h post-administration in wrasse. The oral bioavailabilities (F) were calculated to be 65% (cod) and 41% (wrasse). Following bath administration, maximal plasma concentrations were 0.13 mg/L (cod) and 0.09 mg/L (wrasse), and were observed immediately after the end of the bath.  相似文献   

2.
Flumequine was administered to halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) intravenously (i.v.) and orally (p.o.) at a dose of 10 mg/ kg bodyweight, and as a bath-treatment at a dose of 10 mg/L water for 2 h, using identical experimental designs. The study was performed in seawater with a salinity of 3% and a temperature of 10.3+/-0.4 degrees C (halibut) and 18.0+/-0.3 degrees C (turbot). Pharmacokinetic modelling of the data showed that flumequine had quite similar pharmacokinetic properties in halibut and turbot. Following intravenous administration, the volumes of distribution at steady state (Vss) were 2.99 L/kg (halibut) and 3.75 L/kg (turbot). Plasma clearances (Cl) were 0.12 L/kg (halibut) and 0.17 L/h x kg (turbot) and the elimination half-lives (t(1/2lambdaz)) were calculated to be 32 h (halibut) and 34 h (turbot). Mean residence times (MRT) were 25.1 h (halibut) and 22.2 h (turbot). Following oral administration, the t(1/2lambdaz) were 43 h (halibut) and 42 h (turbot). Maximal plasma concentrations (tmax) were 1.4 mg/L (halibut) and 1.9 mg/L (turbot), and were observed 7 h post administration in both species. The oral bioavailabilities (F) were calculated to 56% (halibut) and 59% (turbot). Following bath administration maximal plasma concentrations were 0.08 mg/L (halibut) and 0.14 mg/ L (turbot), and were observed 0 h (halibut) and 3 h (turbot) after the end of the bath. The bioavailability in halibut following a 2-h bath treatment was 5%.  相似文献   

3.
甲苯咪唑在鳗鲡体内的药物代谢及组织残留   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用反相高效液相色谱法定量检测抗鳗鲡拟指环虫药物甲苯咪唑及其代谢产物羟基甲苯咪唑和氨基甲苯咪唑。研究欧鳗经1mg／L甲苯咪唑药浴处理后,其皮肤、脂肪、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中甲苯咪唑的代谢和残留情况。实验结果表明：药浴时,欧鳗在24h内快速吸收药物,皮肤上和脂肪中含有高浓度甲苯咪唑,且甲苯咪唑在欧鳗肝脏和肾脏中转化成羟基甲苯咪唑和氨基甲苯咪唑,其中氨基甲苯咪唑是主要代谢产物;三种化合物在皮肤上的残留量明显高于肌肉;鳗鱼可食用部位（肌肉和皮肤）中甲苯咪唑和羟基甲苯咪唑在3d内代谢浓度降至药残最高限量（0．1mg／kg）,5d内可完全降解消除．但氧墓甲苯眯唑在停药12d后的含量仍高于0．1mg／kg。  相似文献   

4.
The in-vitro activity of flumequine against 157 strains of bacteria isolated from birds was determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 96.3% of the Enterobacteriaceae, Proteus spp. and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis studied (n = 135) was less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. Pharmacokinetics of flumequine in pigeons (Columba livia) was investigated after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration. From the blood disappearance curves after i.v. bolus injection (10 mg/kg body weight) clearance rate, blood half-time and distribution volume were calculated. The recovery of unchanged flumequine from the droppings in 24 h was 37 +/- 10% of the administered dose. Flumequine was also given i.m. at two dose levels, 10 and 60 mg/kg body weight. The availability of flumequine as intact drug was 22 and 23%, respectively, in 24 h. Therapeutic blood levels were maintained for 4 and 10 h, respectively. After an oral dose of flumequine (60 mg/kg body weight) an availability of 6.7 +/- 2.5% and a peak blood concentration of 2.68 +/- 0.92 microgram/ml at 2 h after administration were found. The recovery of unchanged flumequine from the droppings in 24 h was 1.55 +/- 0.79% of the administered dose. With the exception of the i.m. dose of 10 mg/kg, all flumequine administrations made the pigeons vomit. It appears that blood concentrations below 3 micrograms/ml will not induce vomiting. On the basis of the present data, a dosage regimen for flumequine in pigeons of a priming dose of 30 mg/kg i.m., followed after 8 h by oral administration of 30 mg/kg, this dose being repeated every 8-12 h, would be expected to give blood concentrations between 1.44 and 2.88 micrograms/ml.  相似文献   

5.
The pharmacokinetics of flumequine was studied in 1-, 5- and 18-week-old veal calves. A two-compartment model was used to fit the plasma concentration-time curve of flumequine after the intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg of a 10% solution. The elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) of the drug ranged from 6 to 7 h. The Vd beta and ClB of 1-week-old calves (1.07 l/kg, 1.78 ml/min/kg) were significantly lower than those of 5-week-old (1.89 l/kg, 3.23 ml/min/kg) and 18-week-old calves (1.57 l/kg, 3.10 ml/min/kg). After the oral administration of 10 mg/kg of a 2% flumequine formulation mixed with milk replacer, the Cmax was highest in 1-week-old (9.27 micrograms/ml) and lowest in 18-week-old calves (4.47 micrograms/ml). The absorption was rapid (Tmax of approximately 3 h) and complete. When flumequine itself and a formulation containing 2% flumequine and 20 X 10(6) iu of colistin sulphate were mixed with milk replacer and administered at the same dose rate, absorption was incomplete and Cmax was lower. The main urinary metabolite of flumequine was the glucuronide conjugate (approximately 40% recovery within 48 h of intravenous injection) and the second most important metabolite was 7-hydroxy-flumequine (approximately 3% recovery within 12 h of intravenous injection). Only 3.2-6.5% was excreted in the urine unchanged. After oral administration a 'first-pass' effect was observed, with a significant increase in the excretion of conjugated drug. For 1-week-old calves it is recommended that the 2% formulation should be administered at a dose rate of 8 mg/kg every 24 h or 4 mg/kg every 12 h; for calves over 6 weeks old, the dose should be increased to 15 mg/kg every 24 h or 7.5 mg/kg every 12 h. The formulation containing colistin sulphate should be administered to 1-week-old calves at a flumequine dose of 12 mg/kg every 24 h or 6 mg/kg every 12 h.  相似文献   

6.
The pharmacokinetics of flumequine, administered intravenously and intramuscularly at a single dose of 20 mg/kg, was investigated in healthy goats. After intravenous injection, flumequine distributed rapidly (t1/2alpha = 0.87+/-0.15 h) but was eliminated slowly (t1/2beta = 7.12+/-1.27 h); mean clearance (Cl) and volume of distribution (Vdss) were 0.32+/-0.03 (L/(h x kg) and 1.22+/-029 (L/kg), respectively. After intramuscular administration, the peakserum concentration (Cmax = 7.40+/-0.5 microg/ml) was reached in about 1.5 h (Tmax) and bioavailability was about 93%. Estimated flumequine serum levels following repeated intramuscular administration of the aqueous suspension used in the study (7.23+/-0.7 microg/ml and 4.82+/-0.47 microg/ml at intervals of 8 and 12 h, respectively) indicated that to maintain serum levels above MIC values for susceptible bacteria a dosage regimen of 20 mg/kg every 12 h is necessary by the intramuscular route.  相似文献   

7.
梅景良  黄一帆 《畜牧兽医学报》2006,37(12):1353-1359
研究了由茵陈、龙胆、甘草、大黄及栀子组成的中药制剂保肝解毒汤对实验性肝病欧鳗血清转氨酶、肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响。健康组欧鳗养于清水中，4个处理组先暴露于0．12mg／LCu^2＋溶液4d，其中一组作为阳性空白对照组不治疗，其余3组为中药治疗组，即保肝解毒汤治疗低剂量组（200mg／L）、保肝解毒汤治疗高剂量组（400mg／L）和降酶灵（所含成分为五昧子）治疗对照组（100mg／L），分别在水和相应药液中处理4d。结果显示：阳性空白对照组欧鳗与健康组相比，血清转氨酶AST、ALT活性极显著升高（P〈0．01），肝脏抗氧化酶CAT、GSH-Px活性受抑制（P〈0．01），SOD活性受诱导（P〈0．05）。各治疗组与阳性空白对照组相比，AST、ALT活性回落明显（Pd0．01）；CAT、GSH-Px活性显著升高（P〈0．01），并接近或超过健康组水平；SOD活性则在已有明显升高的基础上，得到进一步增强，其中以治疗低剂量组和治疗对照组最为显著（P〈0．01）。本研究表明该中药制剂具有良好的抗肝损伤及恢复肝功能作用，可用于治疗欧鳗的中毒性肝病。  相似文献   

8.
The pharmacokinetic properties of flumequine and its metabolite 7-hydroxyflumequine were determined in six healthy sheep after single intramuscular (i.m.) and intravenous (i.v) injections at a dose of 6 mg/kg body weight. The tissue residues were determined in 20 healthy sheep after repeated i.m. administration with a first dose of 12 mg/kg and nine doses of 6 mg/kg. The flumequine formulation used was Flumiquil 3% Suspension Injectable®. The mean plasma concentrations of flumequine after i.v. administration were described by a three-compartment open model with a rapid distribution and a relatively slow elimination phase. The low value of volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) (0.52 ± 0.24 L/kg) and high value of volume of distribution (Vdλ3) (5.05 ± 3.47 L/kg) emphasized the existence of a small compartment with a slow rate of return to the central compartment. The mean elimination half-life was 11.5 h. The 7-hydroxyflumequine plasma levels represented 2.3% of the total area under the curve. The mean plasma concentrations of flumequine after i.m. administration were characteristic of a two-compartment model with a first order absorption. The mean maximal plasma concentration (1.83 ± 1.15 μg/mL) was obtained rapidly, i.e. 1.39 ± 0.71 h after the i.m. administration. The fraction of dose absorbed from the injection site was 85.00 ± 30.13%. The minimal concentrations of flumequine during repeated treatment were significantly lower in females than in males. Eighteen hours after the last repeated i.m. admini-stration, the highest concentration of flumequine was observed at the injection sites followed by kidney, liver, muscle and fat. The highest concentration of 7-hydroxyflumequine was observed in the kidney and was ten times lower than the flumequine concentration. The longest flumequine elimination half-life was observed in the fat.  相似文献   

9.
Metomidate was administered to halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) intravenously at a dose of 3 mg/kg bodyweight, as a bath treatment at a dose of 9 mg/L water for 5 min to study the disposition of metomidate, and as bath treatment (9 mg/L) for 10 min to study the absorption and effect of metomidate on respiration and balance/motor control. Additionally, turbot were given metomidate orally at a dose of 7 mg/kg. The studies were performed in seawater at a temperature of 10.3 +/- 0.4 degrees C (halibut) and 18.0 +/- 0.3 degrees C (turbot). Pharmacokinetic modeling of the data showed that metomidate had shorter elimination half-life and higher plasma concentrations in turbot compared with halibut, both species displaying a rapid uptake, distribution and excretion. Following intravenous administration, the volumes of distribution at steady state (Vd(ss)) were 0.21 L/kg (halibut) and 0.44 L/kg (turbot). Plasma clearances (Cl) were 0.099 L/h.kg in halibut and 0.26 L/h.kg in turbot and the elimination half-lives (t(1/2)lambdaz) were calculated to be 5.8 h and 2.2 h in halibut and turbot, respectively. Mean residence times (MRT) were 2.2 h in halibut and 1.7 h in turbot. Following oral administration, the t(1/2)lambdaz was 3.5 h in turbot. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 7.8 mg/L in turbot 1 h after administration. The oral bioavailability (F) was calculated to 100% in turbot. Following 5 min bath the maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax), which were observed immediately after end of the bath, were 9.5 mg/L and 13.3 mg/L in halibut and turbot, respectively. Metomidate rapidly immobilized the fish, with respiratory depression, reduced heart rate, and loss of balance/motor control within 1 min (mean). Recovery was slow, with resumed balance/motor control after 26.4 min. Opercular respiration movements were resumed more rapidly with a recorded mean of 1.7 min. Oral administration was demonstrated to be a way of immobilizing fish, for example in large aquariums, without exposing them to unwanted stress.  相似文献   

10.
Enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics were studied in European cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, after a single 5 mg/kg i.v. injection or a 2.5 mg/L 5 h bath. A pilot study with two animals was also performed following a 10 mg/kg p.o. administration. The concentration of enrofloxacin in hemolymph was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pharmacokinetic parameters were derived from compartmental methods. In the i.v. study, the terminal half-life (t(1/2)), apparent volume of distribution, and systemic clearance were respectively 1.81 h, 385 mL/kg, and 4.71 mL/min/kg. Following bath administration the t(1/2), peak hemolymph concentration (C(max)), and area under the curve to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)) were 1.01 h, 0.5 +/- 0.12 mug/mL, and 0.98 microg.h/mL, respectively. After oral administration, the t(1/2), C(max), and AUC(0-infinity) were 1.01 h, 10.95 microg/mL, 26.71 mug.h/mL, respectively. The active metabolite of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, was not detected in any samples tested. The hemolymph concentration was still above minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for shrimp and fish bacterial isolates at 6 h after i.v. administration, therefore, a dose of 5 mg/kg i.v. every 8-12 h is suggested for additional studies of efficacy. The C(max) value for the water bath was lower than for the i.v. study, but a bath of 2.5 mg/L for 5 h once to twice daily is suggested for additional studies to test efficacy against highly susceptible organisms. Although only two animals were used for the oral study, a dose of 10 mg/kg produced hemolymph concentrations of enrofloxacin that were in a range consistent with therapeutic efficacy in other species.  相似文献   

11.
The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of flumequine for 249 Salmonella, 126 Escherichia coli, and 22 Pasteurella multocida isolates recovered from clinical cases of neonatal calf diarrhoea, pneumonia and sudden death was less than or equal to 0.78 microgram/ml. The pharmacokinetics of flumequine in calves was investigated after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral administration. The two-compartment open model was used for the analysis of serum drug concentrations measured after rapid i.v. ('bolus') injection. The distribution half-life (t1/2 alpha) was 13 min, elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) was 2.25 h, the apparent area volume of distribution (Vd(area)), and the volume of distribution at steady state (Vd(ss)) were 1.48 and 1.43 l/kg, respectively. Flumequine was quickly and completely absorbed into the systemic circulation after i.m. administration of a soluble drug formulation; a mean peak serum drug concentration (Cmax) of 6.2 micrograms/ml was attained 30 min after treatment at 10 mg/kg and was similar to the concentration measured 30 min after an equal dose of the drug was injected i.v. On the other hand, the i.m. bioavailability of two injectable oily suspensions of the drug was 44%; both formulations failed to produce serum drug concentrations of potential clinical significance after administration at 20 mg/kg. The drug was rapidly absorbed after oral administration; the oral bioavailability ranged between 55.7% for the 5 mg/kg dose and 92.5% for the 20 mg/kg dose. Concomitant i.m. or oral administration of probenecid at 40 mg/kg did not change the Cmax of the flumequine but slightly decreased its elimination rate. Flumequine was 74.5% bound in serum. Kinetic data generated from single dose i.v., i.m. and oral drug administration were used to calculate practical dosage recommendations. Calculations showed that the soluble drug formulation should be administered i.m. at 25 mg/kg every 12 h, or alternatively at 50 mg/kg every 24 h. The drug should be administered orally at 30 and 60 mg/kg every 12 and 24 h, respectively. Very large, and in our opinion impractical, doses of flumequine formulated as oily suspension are required to produce serum drug concentrations of potential clinical value.  相似文献   

12.
The pharmacokinetic properties of the antibacterial agents oxolinic acid and flumequine were studied in corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) after either intraperitoneal injection or bath treatment. Following intraperitoneal administration the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and the time to peak plasma concentrations (Tmax) were estimated to be 2.0 microg/mL and 12 h, respectively, for oxolinic acid and 2.6 microg/mL and 12 h, respectively, for flumequine. In muscle, Cmax and Tmax were estimated to 6.7 microg/g and 12 h, respectively, for oxolinic acid with corresponding values of 8.5 microg/g and 13 h, respectively, for flumequine. In liver, Cmax and Tmax were calculated to 7.0 microg/g and 12 h, respectively, for oxolinic and 12.2 microg/g and 11 h, respectively, for flumequine. Elimination half-lives (t1/2 beta) of 26, 24 and 29 h, respectively, for plasma, muscle and liver were calculated for flumequine. For oxolinic acid two distinct elimination phases were found and calculated to be 16 h (t1/2 beta) and 57 h (t1/2 gamma) in plasma, 15 and 59 h, respectively, in muscle and 20 and 72 h, respectively, in liver. Bath treatment using 150 mg/L of flumequine or 200 mg/L of oxolinic acid for 72 h resulted in flumequine concentrations of 1.0 microg/mL in plasma, 5.0 microg/g in muscle and 12.4 microg/g in liver. Corresponding values for oxolinic acid were 1.0 microg/g in plasma, 2.5 microg/g in muscle and 4.9 microg/g in liver.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
Treatment of experimentally induced colibacillosis in broilers with doxycycline hyclate through the drinking water was just effective at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight (1000 ppm). The achieved therapeutic effects were similar to those of tetracycline at the same dose and of flumequine at a dose of 19 mg/kg body weight (100 ppm).  相似文献   

15.
The pharmacokinetics of sarafloxacin applied by oral gavage at a dose of 15 mg/kg b.w. was studied in eel (Anguilla anguilla) at water temperature of 24 degrees C. Sarafloxacin levels were determined using high performance liquid chromatography with a quantitation limit of 0.07 microg/ml or gram. The time to peak plasma concentration, Tmax, was 12 hr and peak concentration, Cmax, was 2.64 microg/ml. The absorption rate constant (k(a)) was 0.23 hr(-1) (r=0.996). The drug disposition curve after Tmax was fitted to a two-compartment open model. The distribution rate constant (alpha) was 0.085 hr(-1) (r=0.972), and the half-life (t(1,2alpha)) was 8.15 hr. The elimination rate constant (beta) was 0.023 hr(-1) (r=0.909), and the half-life (t(1/2beta)) was 30.13 hr. The estimated area under the curve, AUC, was 56.7 microg.hr/ml. The peak concentrations of drug in liver, kidney, muscle, and skin were 13.39 (12 hr), 5.53 (12 hr), 1.82 (24 hr), and 0.78 microg/g (40 hr), respectively. The time for sarafloxacin mean levels to fall below detectable limits in the plasma, muscle, and skin were 7 days but for the liver and kidney were 14 days.  相似文献   

16.
The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and tissue fluid distribution of cephalexin in the adult horse following oral and i.v. administration. Cephalexin hydrate (10 mg/kg) was administered to horses i.v. and plasma samples were collected. Following a washout period, cephalexin (30 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically. Plasma, interstitial fluid (ISF) aqueous humor, and urine samples were collected. All samples were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Following i.v. administration, cephalexin had a plasma half-life (t(1/2)) of 2.02 h and volume of distribution [V(d(ss))] of 0.25 L/kg. Following oral administration, the average maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) was 3.47 mug/mL and an apparent half-life (t(1/2)) of 1.64 h. Bioavailability was approximately 5.0%. The AUC(ISF):AUC(plasma) ratio was 80.55% which corresponded to the percentage protein-unbound drug in the plasma (77.07%). The t(1/2) in the ISF was 2.49 h. Cephalexin was not detected in the aqueous humor. The octanol:water partition coefficient was 0.076 +/- 0.025. Cephalexin was concentrated in the urine with an average concentration of 47.59 microg/mL. No adverse events were noted during this study. This study showed that cephalexin at a dose of 30 mg/kg administered orally at 8 h dosage intervals in horses can produce plasma and interstitial fluid drug concentrations that are in a range recommended to treat susceptible gram-positive bacteria (MIC < or = 0.5 microg/mL). Because of the low oral bioavailability of cephalexin in the horse, the effect of chronic dosing on the normal intestinal bacterial flora requires further investigation.  相似文献   

17.
选取健康均匀的欧洲鳗苗1000尾,分为5组,每组2个重复,分别在基础料中添加4种环保型饲料添加剂,分析了4种环保型饲料添加剂对欧洲鳗鲡消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,1号饲料添加剂对于提高欧洲鳗鲡消化酶整体效果最好,对中草药原料的配伍进行选择优化,适当添加半胱胺,能显著提高欧洲鳗鲡幼鱼消化酶活性。  相似文献   

18.
福建省欧鳗二极虫病流行情况初步调查   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
１９９６年１０月至１９９７年１１月我们对福建三十多个鳗场欧鳗二极虫病情况进行初步调查。结果表明,９０％以上鳗场均发生过二极虫病,欧鳗各阶段均可感染,其中白仔感染率为９２．８％,黑仔７８．３％,幼鳗８１．６％,成鳗５３．５％;各器官组织中平均检出率肾脏７１．２３％,鳃３５．６１％,皮肤１３．０％,肠８．２％。  相似文献   

19.
The effect of experimental Pasteurella haemolytica infection on the intravenous and intramuscular pharmacokinetics of flumequine was studied in dairy calves. The plasma concentration-time curve of flumequine after intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg bodyweight flumequine of a 10% solution before and after experimental infection, was best described by a three-compartment open model. After intramuscular injection of the same dosage rate of a 3% flumequine suspension is was best described by the one-compartment open model with first-order absorption. The experimental infection by intratracheal administration of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)-virus and 5 days later intrapulmonary administration of Pasteurella haemolytica produced a clear temperature rise and signs of disease expressed as Average Health Status. Subsequently, plasma Fe and Zn concentration decreased after infection. The distribution volumes Vc, Vd(area) and Vd(ss) after infection (0.07 +/- 0.04, 1.38 +/- 0.36 and 0.50 +/- 0.11 l/kg, respectively) were smaller than those before infection, but the differences were not significant (P less than or equal to 0.1). The intravenous AUC infinity was significantly increased (21.86 +/- 3.51 to 33.85 +/- 2.97 mg.h/l, P less than or equal to 0.01) and the total body clearance (ClB) significantly decreased (0.24 +/- 0.02 to 0.15 +/- 0.01, P less than or equal to 0.01) after infection. After intramuscular injection of flumequine at 5 mg/kg as a 3% suspension, only the bioavailability, F, was significantly decreased after infection (78.5 +/- 14.3 to 59.7 +/- 21.2%, P less than or equal to 0.02). However, this had no consequences for the dosage regimen used. The urine concentration ratio flumequine:7-hydroxy-flumequine:conjugated flumequine changed from 2:1:10 before infection to 6:1:15 after infection, which indicates that hydroxylation and glucuronidation as metabolic pathways for flumequine were decreased after Pasteurella sp. infection.  相似文献   

20.
欧鳗“狂游症”的诊断报告   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
从永泰、山东和诏安欧鳗养殖场患“狂游症”的鳗鱼脑组织内,分离出弹状病毒样病毒。用病鳗脑组织匀浆液、经肌内和口腔人工接种,感染健康欧鳗获得成功。表明该弹状病毒是欧鳗“狂游症”的致病原,并能经口腔行水平传播。  相似文献   

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