共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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砷胁迫下磷用量对不同磷效率水稻苗生长、磷和砷吸收的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过盆栽试验研究了苗期砷胁迫下磷用量对磷高效水稻99011和磷低效水稻99056生长以及对P、As吸收的影响。试验设3个磷水平（0、30、150 mg/kg）和5个砷水平（0、25、50、100、200 mg/kg）。结果表明,苗期施砷显著增加了两个水稻品种地上部及地下部砷的含量,降低了两个水稻品种的株高、分蘖数、地上部及地下部干质量;施磷不但促进了两个水稻品种的生长,而且还增加了根系对砷的吸收量。当土壤砷浓度为25 mg/kg和50 mg/kg时,施用30 mg/kg磷抑制了两个水稻品种砷向地上部的转移,但施用150 mg/kg磷却促进了砷向地上部的转移。相同的处理,磷高效水稻99011地上部干质量和根干质量均显著高于磷低效水稻99056。施砷后,在30 mg/kg磷水平上磷低效水稻99056的砷转移系数最低。 相似文献
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不同氮肥利用效率水稻品种开花后地上部分氨挥发研究 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
采用密闭生长箱法研究了4个不同氮肥利用效率水稻品种开花后地上部的氨挥发损失。结果表明：尽管单位时间内不同水稻品种叶片氨挥发的数量存在差异,但各品种均呈现类似的昼夜变化规律,即白天叶片氨挥发的数量较高,夜晚（0:00～8:00）叶片氨挥发量显著下降。开花期是水稻全生育期中叶片氨挥发量最大的时期,其释放的氨占总挥发量的14%～16%。开花至成熟期地上部氨挥发的动态和氨挥发总量,不同氮效率水稻品种间存在显著差异,且氨挥发总量（y）与水稻氮肥利用率（x）存在极显著负相关：y=13.075-0.00968x （r=-0.9913**, n=4）。锡稻11生物量最小,其氨挥发量却最大;而地上部生物量较大的3010和武粳4号氨挥发量却较小,暗示不同品种间氨挥发的差异并非源于水稻地上部生物量的不同。 相似文献
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LI Yong-fu Luo An-cheng Muhammad Jaffar HASSAN WEI Xing-hua 《水稻科学》2006,13(4):283-290
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the major limiting factors to the crop production in most of the soils throughout the world [1]. The traditional way to alleviate P deficiency is the application of P fertilizer. However, the scarcity of P mineral resou… 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》2007,102(1):9-21
We evaluated the genotypic differences in grain yield of 14 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes with different phenology under four growing conditions: transplanting (TP) or direct-seeding (DS) in a toposequentially lower (with favorable water conditions) or upper (drought at around flowering stage) field at Ubon Ratchathani, northeastern Thailand. Thirteen of the genotypes – five early-maturing, four intermediate, and four late – had been bred for rainfed lowlands in northern and northeastern Thailand. IR24, a semi-dwarf, high-yielding, and early-maturing genotype bred for irrigated lowlands, was included for comparison. Genotypic differences in grain yield were significant in a combined analysis of all 4 growing conditions, and both high sink size (spikelet number per area) and high ripened grain percentage were associated with high yield. IR24 did not out-yield the rainfed-lowland genotypes, and its yield was particularly low in DS, owing to poor shoot dry matter production and low spikelet number per panicle. In the lower field, the interaction between cultivation method and genotype was also significant. In the lower field, late maturity was more strongly related to high shoot dry weight at maturity in TP than in DS; some of the early- to intermediate-maturing genotypes in DS produced shoot dry weights at maturity that were comparable to those of the late-maturing genotypes. High shoot dry matter production and large spikelet number per panicle were associated with high grain yield in DS genotypes in the lower field, whereas in TP genotypes with large numbers of panicles were required for high grain yield. Although the field location–genotype interaction and the field location–cultivation method–genotype interaction were not significant, regression analysis showed that late-maturing genotypes yielded less than earlier maturing genotypes, owing to the smaller ripened grain percentage resulting from late-season drought, in the upper field but not in the lower field. The presence of a trade-off between number of ripened grains and grain size in the lower field indicated the possibility of increasing the yield in rainfed-lowland genotypes by increasing assimilation capacity during grain filling. Phenology is important in the development of higher-yielding genotypes for different cultivation methods and different toposequential positions. 相似文献
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为明确异源染色体的附加对普通小麦氮、磷吸收能力和利用效率的影响,以中国春为对照,设计不同浓度水平的氮、磷组合进行苗期水培试验,评价了43份中国春背景下小麦异附加系的氮、磷吸收能力和利用效率。对不同水平氮磷组合处理下的苗期表型调查发现,氮、磷胁迫均会抑制地上部分生长,促进地下部分生长;低氮胁迫降低了苗期的株高、茎干重和总干重,提高了根长、叶数、SPAD值及根茎比;磷缺乏提高了根干重和根茎比,抑制了其余性状。在中氮和低氮处理下,Ae.searsii 1SS等13个小麦异附加系的总干重高于中国春,表现出稳定的氮高效;低氮处理下,Ps.huashanica E等9个小麦异附加系的氮吸收能力显著高于中国春,Ps.huashanica C等4个小麦异附加系的氮利用效率显著高于中国春。在磷充足及磷胁迫处理下,Ag.intermedium B等5个小麦异附加系的总干重高于中国春,表现出稳定的磷高效;低磷处理下,Ag.intermedium B等4个小麦异附加系的磷吸收能力显著高于中国春,L.racemosus L附加系和Ag.elongatum 6E附加系的磷利用效率显著高于中国春。进一步分析氮、磷高效的小麦异附加系携带的异源染色体,没有观察到染色体部分同源群聚集的现象。筛选出的异源染色体附加系可作为小麦育种的中间材料,进行养分高效的遗传分析或育种应用。 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》1999,63(1):87-98
Field experiments were carried out to study grain yield, zinc (Zn) efficiency and concentrations of Zn in shoot and grain of 37 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and three durum wheat (Triticum durum) cultivars grown in a Zn-deficient calcareous soil with (23 kg Zn ha−1), and without, Zn fertilization in 1993–1994 and 1994–1995. The same Zn-deficient soil was used in greenhouse experiments to study shoot dry weight, Zn efficiency and shoot Zn concentrations of 21 bread and three durum wheat cultivars (same cultivars used in the field experiments). Zinc fertilization of cultivars in the field enhanced grain yield on average by 30% in both years. Increases in grain yield to Zn fertilization varied substantially between cultivars from 8% to 76%. Accordingly, there was large variability in Zn efficiency of cultivars, expressed as the ratio of grain yield or shoot dry-matter yield produced under Zn deficiency compared to that under Zn fertilization. On average, Zn efficiency values ranged from 57% to 92% for grain yield in field experiments and from 47% to 83% for shoot dry weight in greenhouse experiments. Most of the cultivars behaved similarly in their response to Zn deficiency in the field and greenhouse. The cultivars selected from local landraces had both, a high Zn efficiency and high yield under Zn-deficient conditions. The bread wheat cultivars, improved for irrigated conditions, had generally low Zn efficiency and low yield, both in the field and greenhouse. All durum wheat cultivars in this study also showed low levels of Zn efficiency, grain yield and shoot dry weight under Zn deficiency. Overall, there was no relation between Zn efficiency values and Zn concentrations in grain or shoot dry matter. The results presented here demonstrate the existence of substantial variation in Zn efficiency among wheat cultivars, particularly bread wheat cultivars, and suggest that wheat landrace populations are a valuable source of genes to improve high Zn efficiency of wheat for Zn-deficient soils. 相似文献
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氮高效水稻品种苗期耐低磷种质的筛选与鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以先前通过田间试验筛选出来的36个氮高效水稻品种为供试材料,在苗期进行了耐低磷筛选,并对获得的3个耐低磷和2个低磷敏感品种响应磷素胁迫的生理机制进行了初步研究。结果表明:1)正常供磷和低磷条件下,所有调查性状的相对值(低磷/正常供磷)中,相对根系干质量、相对地上部干质量、相对根冠比和相对分蘖数均具有较大的品种间变异(变异系数分别为16.9%、10.9%、11.4%、16.3%)。相关分析表明,它们呈显著或极显著正相关。因此,这4个性状可以作为水稻苗期耐低磷筛选的评价指标。2)在低磷条件下,筛选出的3个耐低磷品种比2个低磷敏感品种的根系生长旺盛且活力强,P吸收动力学参数中Km、Cmin小,而Vmax大,酸性磷酸酶(APase)活性升幅大,磷效率在两者之间也存在显著差异。同时,不同耐低磷品种适应低磷胁迫的调节机制也有所不同。表明筛选氮磷双高效的水稻品种是可行的,同时也为后续基因定位和遗传机制的研究提供了材料和生理学依据。 相似文献
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The present study evaluated submergence responses in 88 lowland indigenous rice(Oryza sativa L.) landraces from Koraput, India, to identify submergence-tolerant rice genotypes. In pot experiments, variations in survival rate, shoot elongation, relative growth index, dry matter, chlorophyll, soluble sugar and starch contents were evaluated in two consecutive years under well-drained and completely submerged conditions. Principal component analysis showed that the first three axes contributed 96.820% of the total variation among the landraces, indicating wide variation between genotypes. Major traits such as survival rate, relative growth index, soluble sugar and starch contents appeared to be important determinants of phenotypic diversity among the landraces. Phenotypic coefficient of variance was higher than genotypic coefficient of variance for all the traits and all showed high heritability(90.38%–99.54%). Five rice landraces(Samudrabali, Basnamundi, Gadaba, Surudaka and Dokarakuji) were the most tolerant to submergence. When submerged for up to 14 d, Samudrabali, Basnamundi and Godoba were notable for having greater survival rates than a standard submergence tolerant variety FR13 A, and also notable for elongating more vigorously and accumulating more biomass. These three landraces may therefore be especially useful in lowland rice growing areas that are affected by both moderate stagnant water and flash flooding. Molecular genotyping revealed that the submergence tolerance of Samudrabali, Basnamundi and Godoba is linked to the presence of one or more different Sub1 loci and it may well prove useful for breeding improved submergence tolerant rice varieties, thereby assising to improve yield stability in the rainfed lowland agro-ecosystem. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(1):32-39
AbstractLow temperature decreases biomass production and yield in rice through a number of physiological and morphological changes. We evaluated biomass production in 22 high-yielding genotypes and four commercial japonica cultivars early after transplanting under field conditions for 2 years. The seedlings were transplanted on 30 April or 1 May (early transplanting, ET) and 4 weeks later (late transplanting, LT). The mean air temperature during the 18 days after transplanting in ET was about 4ºC lower than that in LT in both years. The seedling length was greater in high-yielding japonica varieties than in indica genotypes, whereas the seedling character index (SCI), which is the product of plant age in leaf number and the ratio of the seedling weight to its length, was the highest in the indica genotypes. Varietal differences in biomass production were greater in ET than in LT in all rice genotypes. The biomass at 18 days after transplanting was largest in the japonica high-yielding varieties Kusayutaka and Beko-aoba in both ET and LT. The biomass production of the indica genotypes was found to decrease severely after transplanting at low temperatures although the indica genotypes with high SCIs showed faster leaf emergence than the high-yielding japonica varieties. There was a strong positive correlation between the varietal differences in biomass production and shoot length at 18 days after transplanting in ET in both years. Our study suggests that superior shoot elongation in the high-yielding japonica varieties with large biomass allocation to the stems may be advantageous in maintaining biomass productivity at low temperatures. 相似文献
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免耕栽培对超级杂交稻两优培九根系特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探明免耕对杂交水稻根系特性的影响．在前3年定位试验的基础上,于2007年在长沙以两优培九为材料,进行了翻耕移栽、翻耕直播、免耕移栽和免耕直播4种耕作方式的田间比较试验。在水稻直播条件下。分蘖中期免耕稻的根冠比和单株根干重均高于翻耕稻,增幅分别为23．42％0和3．33％,幼穗分化期增幅为30．01％和18．75％;在水稻移栽条件下,免耕稻分蘖中期的根冠比和单株根干重均高于翻耕稻．增幅分别为10．24％和10．57％,幼穗分化期增幅分别为22．67％和4．35％。无论直播或移栽．各个时期免耕稻的根系活力和根长均高于翻耕稻,免耕和直播能一定程度地提高水稻根系的活力。 相似文献
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Effect of Supplied P Levels on Rice Growth and Uptake of P and Zn in Different P-Efficiency Genotypes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Guo Zai-hua HE Li-yuan Xu Cai-guo 《水稻科学》2005,12(2):119-124
A soil pot culture experiment with four supplied P levels （i.e. P30, P50, P100, P200, representing supplemental P 30, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg, respectively） was conducted to investigate uptake and use ability to P and Zn in the rice genotypes with different P-efficiency, of which rice genotypes 508, 99011, 580, 99112 were Iow-P tolerant and 99056, 99012 were Iow-P sensitive. Low-P tolerant rice 580 and 99011 absorbed more P than the others, and rice genotype 580 had stronger uptake ability especially at Iow-P level such as P50 and P30. 508 could absorb considerable P, and had the lowest P percentage of shoot, indicating it had good performance in P-use efficiency. These three rice genotypes had larger biomass and less response to changed P level than rice genotype 99112, 99056 and 99012. Rice genotype 99112 showed Low-P tolerance mainly by sacrificing biomass to maintain high relative grain yield. The least amount of P absorbed by 99056 showed it had the lowest P uptake efficiency, and the highest P percentage in shoot of 99012 meant it had the lowest P use efficiency. So they two showed Iow-P sensitivity. Zn contents in shoot under P200, P100 and P50 were similar, but P30 increased Zn content in shoot significantly. The Zn contents in shoot of 99112, 99056 and 99012 were higher than those of 508, 99011 and 580, especially at tillering stage and booting stage. As for total Zn content in shoot, Low-P tolerant rice genotype 580 had the largest amount and followed by 99011 and 508, Iow-P tolerant rice genotype 99012 had the smallest amount at the three sampling stage and followed by 99056. Furthermore, P/Zn in shoot of 99012 was the highest, and that of 99056 was the smallest at the same P level. 相似文献
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Y J P K MITHRASENA WSS WIJESUNDERA R L C WIJESUNDERA D C WIMALASIRI R P N PRIYANTHI 《水稻科学》2012,19(3):241-246
The present study was undertaken to determine the pathogenic and the genetic diversity of the isolates of M.oryzae collected from the wet,intermediate and dry zones of Sri Lanka with a view to develop rice varieties conferring durable resistance to rice blast.No significant morphological or growth variations existed amongst the isolates studied.The genetic diversity of isolates determined by carrying out Pot2 transposable element based on repetitive-PCR revealed that the majority of isolates (92%) clustered into a single group with 45.4% similarity.The existence of nine pathotypes was identified by observing the reaction type of isolates on 16 different rice lines.Pathotype 1 which was distributed in all zones affected only one differential line.Pathotype 2 which was able to infect six lines was restricted only to the dry zone of Sri Lanka.Of the 16 rice lines,seven lines,K3 (Pik-h),C101A51 (Piz5),K1 (Pita),C105TTP2L9 (Pita),K59 (Pit),Shin (Pish) and WHD-1S-75-1-127 (Pi9) had highly effective blast resistance.None of the isolates of the fungus showed any virulence against the seven lines.These seven blast resistant lines can be used in the breeding programmes in Sri Lanka for development of lines conferring durable resistance to rice blast. 相似文献
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磷水平对不同磷效率水稻生长及磷、锌养分吸收的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
选择4个耐低磷水稻基因型508、99011、580、99112和2个磷敏感基因型99056、99012，用土培盆栽进行全生育期试验，研究不同磷水平对它们生长及吸收利用磷和锌的影响。结果表明，不同耐低磷水稻基因型不仅吸收利用磷的能力不同，对锌的吸收利用也存在差异。耐低磷基因型580、99011和508都具有较大的生物量，且受磷水平影响较小；而耐低磷基因型99112和磷敏感基因型99056、99012生物量都较小且受磷水平影响较大。耐低磷基因型580和99011吸收的磷较多；而508的利用效率更占优势。99056吸收的磷较少，尤其在低磷处理时吸收磷的能力较差；99012对磷的利用效率最低。30 mg/kg的磷处理显著提高植株体锌含量。从吸收锌的总量来看，580占绝对优势，其次是99011和508；99012吸收的锌最少，其次是99056。此外，在取样的3个时期，相同磷处理的P/Zn比均以99012最大，99056最小。 相似文献
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YANG Xiaozheng LIU Yusong HUANG Jing TAO Ye WANG Yifeng SHEN Renfang ZHU Xiaofang 《水稻科学》2023,30(2):138-147
Phosphorus(P) starvation in rice facilitates the reutilization of root cell wall P by enhancing the pectin content. NaCl modulates pectin content, however, it is still unknown whether NaCl is also involved in the process of pectin regulated cell wall P remobilization in rice under P starved conditions. In this study, we found that 10 mmol/L NaCl increased the shoot and root biomasses under P deficiency to a remarkable extent, in company with the elevated shoot and root soluble P contents in rice... 相似文献
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有序摆抛栽超高产栽培对水稻根系形态生理特征的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究不同抛栽方式对水稻根系形态生理的影响,探索抛秧稻超高产轻简栽培新途径,以粳型超级稻武运粳24和南粳44为试验材料,设置摆栽、点抛和撒抛三种抛栽方式,并以机插为对照,系统研究了有序摆抛稻根系的形态和生理特征。结果显示,水稻有序摆栽和点抛后秧苗根系长度、根数、单株根质量高于撒抛和机插,栽后7 d 3连孔稻苗优势明显,栽后15d2连孔秧苗表现出较强的优势。各生育时期群体根干质量、根冠比、根系活力表现为摆栽点抛撒抛机插,不同连孔稻株间表现为2连孔3连孔单孔,根系吸收总面积、活跃吸收表面积和吸收面积比与穗后根系伤流量亦呈现相同趋势。各生育时期的根系干质量、根冠比、根系活力及抽穗期单茎根系伤流量、根系吸收表面积、活跃吸收表面积、活跃吸收比与产量极显著相关。齐穗后15d,70%以上根系分布在0~5cm,90%以上根系分布在0~10cm,各层根干质量、根体积、根干质量密度抛栽方式间表现为摆栽点抛撒抛,不同连孔处理间为2连孔3连孔单孔,5~10cm、10~15cm、15~20cm的根系比例亦呈现此趋势。0~20cm内,各层根系干质量、根系体积、根干质量密度与产量极显著相关,上层根系对产量贡献较大,0~10cm贡献率达90%以上。总之,水稻有序摆抛栽根系发生快,各生育期活力强,后期分布合理,其良好的根系特性是超高产形成的生理基础。 相似文献
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试验以5个生产用马铃薯品种脱毒试管苗为材料,采用组织培养的方法,初步研究了茎切段在正常磷及低磷培养基中生长30 d时幼苗的磷营养效率差异,为筛选出适宜于生产用的磷高效马铃薯品种奠定了基础。试验结果表明,5个马铃薯品种幼苗在正常磷和低磷胁迫下对磷素的吸收和利用能力均存在明显的基因型差异。利用各品种幼苗的磷效率指标(植株干重、鲜重、吸磷量、磷利用效率)的相对指标(低磷处理的结果/正常磷处理的结果×100)进行聚类分析(类平均法)的结果表明,大白和I-1035属于磷高效基因型品种,中农Ⅷ是磷低效基因型品种,凉薯97和疫不加则属于中间类型品种。 相似文献
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以两优培九为材料,采用大田微区试验,研究不同氮肥水平(N1,9 g/m~2;N2,12 g/m~2;N3,15 g/m~2)下不同蚯蚓粪施用量(EC0,0;EC_1,16.88 kg/m~2;EC_2,33.76 kg/m~2)对水稻生长及产量形成的影响。结果表明,移栽40 d后EC_2和EC_1处理的茎蘖数均显著高于EC0(P0.05);幼穗分化期和乳熟期EC0处理的SPAD值均显著低于EC_1和EC_2处理(P0.05);齐穗期EC0处理的叶面积指数分别比EC_1和EC_2处理低32.7%和80.7%,地上部总干物质量分别比EC_1和EC_2处理低30.6%和59.8%;成熟期有效穗数、地上部干物质量和水稻产量均表现为EC_2EC_1EC0,EC_2和EC_1处理的有效穗数分别比EC0处理多41.5%和21.3%、地上部干物质量分别比EC0处理高47.7%和25.8%、产量分别比EC0处理高35.4%和34.3%。由此可见,施用蚯蚓粪便可促进水稻分蘖,提高水稻叶面积、SPAD值和地上部干物质量,进而提高水稻籽粒产量。 相似文献
20.
磷素水平对杂交水稻生长发育和磷素运移的影响 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
通过水培试验和32P标记,研究了不同P素水平下P素营养对杂交水稻D68生长发育的动态影响以及P在杂交水稻体内的运移动态。结果表明,P对杂交水稻生长发育起十分重要的作用,施P对杂交水稻发育特别是根系的生长发育、根系活性和地上部分干物质积累产生了极大的影响。通过32P标记结果表明,杂交水稻体内P的吸收累积、运移分布规律主要与根系活力和施P水平有关。P胁迫条件下杂交水稻根系中P含量较高而地上部分较低,P转移到地上部分的百分率较低;P充足条件下,稻株体内P主要累积在茎、叶中;根系活性的增强则进一步促进了P素养分的吸收以及P在杂交水稻体内的向上运移。同时P在杂交水稻体内的运移与水稻代谢和生长中心的转移密切相关,营养生长期P主要集中在茎、叶中;进入生殖生长期后,P由茎、叶向穗部转移,促进稻穗的生长发育。P在杂交水稻体内运移对杂交水稻P素营养具有极其重要的意义。 相似文献