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1.
Comparisons were made between the amounts of abamectin and total radioactivity recovered from Spodoptera littoralis and Heliothis armigera larvae after topical application of [3H]abamectin. Penetration (as shown by wash-off experiments) did not differ significantly between the Spodoptera instars. Significantly more abamectin was recovered from ventral nerve cord samples of larvae showing symptoms of poisoning than from larvae not showing these symptoms. Fifth-instar S. littoralis larvae had a significantly lower proportion of radioactivity as abamectin in the ventral nerve cord than in sixth-instar S. littoralis or fifth- and sixth-instar H. armigera. The proportion of radioactivity present as abamectin (but not total radioactivity) was significantly increased when the fifth-instar S. littoralis larvae were pre-treated with piperonyl butoxide (PB) suggesting that the relative insensitivity of fifth-instar S. littoralis larvae to abamectin is due at least in part to greater metabolism, particularly by microsomal oxidases. Fat body samples consistently had a greater proportion of radioactivity as abamectin than the nerve cord and the former may act as storage sites for abamectin. 相似文献
2.
棉铃虫核多角体病毒的生产方法及其在生物防治中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文是报道棉铃虫Heliothis armigera核多角体病毒(NPV)的生产方法及其在棉田应用的试验研究结果。NPV用棉铃虫幼虫生产。从虫卵接种开始,用人工饲料饲养棉铃虫幼虫,到四龄用病毒感染,六天后收集病死虫,病毒致死率80～85%,单虫含量4～6×10~9PIB。由棉饼粉、粗棉油等配制成诱饵加低剂量西维因作病毒增效剂与NPV混用,显著提高病毒的防治效果。四年田间试验表明,NPV杀虫剂防治棉铃虫的效果相当于或优于常用高效化学农药。1979年开展了大面积飞机微量喷雾PVN杀虫剂的试验,也取得了比较好的防治效果。 相似文献
3.
为明确转录因子广泛锌指复合物（broad-complex,BR-C）Z4亚型在棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera生长发育过程中的作用,基于2-十三烷酮（2-tridecanone,2-TD）处理的棉铃虫幼虫中肠转录组数据克隆获得BR-C Z4的开放阅读框（open reading frame,ORF）序列,对其氨基酸序列和编码蛋白质进行生物信息学分析,并利用实时荧光定量PCR（real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,qPCR）技术分析BR-C Z4基因在棉铃虫不同龄期、不同组织和2-TD处理6龄幼虫中的表达规律以及其和Ⅳ型几丁质酶（chitinase IV,CHT4）编码基因在4~6龄初、末期幼虫中的表达规律。结果表明,克隆获得的棉铃虫BR-C Z4基因的ORF为1 347 bp,编码448个氨基酸,预测编码蛋白质的分子量和理论等电点分别为49.8 kD和7.75,且主要定位于细胞核中。系统进化分析结果显示,棉铃虫BR-C Z4与家蚕Bombyx mori和烟草天蛾Manduca sexta的BR-C Z4亲缘关系最近。BR-C Z4基因在棉铃虫整个生长期均有表达,在3龄期的相对表达量最低而在预蛹期的相对表达量最高;该基因在棉铃虫6龄幼虫的脂肪体、中肠、体壁和头部均有表达,在头部的相对表达量最低,在中肠中的相对表达量最高; BR-C Z4和CHT4基因在棉铃虫4~6龄末期幼虫中的相对表达量均显著高于4~6龄初期幼虫;相关性分析结果显示BR-C Z4和CHT4的相对表达量呈极显著正相关;随着2-TD处理浓度的增加,棉铃虫BR-C Z4基因的相对表达量总体呈现先上升后下降的趋势,其中15 mg/g浓度处理20 h时BR-C Z4基因相对表达量达到峰值,而20 mg/g浓度处理6 h时BR-C Z4基因相对表达量降到最低,为对照的22.73%。推测BR-C Z4基因在棉铃虫变态发育和应对2-TD胁迫过程中发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
4.
为明确寄生蜂中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator与核型多角体病毒（nucleopolyhedrovirus,NPV）对寄主棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera的联合效应,测量中红侧沟茧蜂和NPV单处理及复合处理后棉铃虫幼虫的形态学指标,并统计棉铃虫幼虫死亡率及寄生蜂中红侧沟茧蜂子代存活率。结果显示,处理3 d和5 d后,中红侧沟茧蜂和NPV单处理及复合处理的棉铃虫幼虫体长、体宽、头壳宽度、体重均显著低于对照,但各处理之间差异不显著。接入浓度为2.5×104 OBs/mL和2.5×106 OBs/mL NPV时,中红侧沟茧蜂和NPV这2种生防因子对棉铃虫均表现为拮抗效应或累加效应。接入浓度为2.5×104 OBs/mL NPV时,先寄生后接毒和先接毒后寄生处理的棉铃虫实际死亡率分别为4.35%和14.26%;接入浓度为2.5×106 OBs/mL NPV时,棉铃虫实际死亡率则分别为31.55%和94.19%,先接毒后寄生处理的棉铃虫实际死亡率均显著高于先寄生后接毒处理的实际死亡率。接入浓度为2.5×106 OBs/mL NPV时,先寄生后接毒和先接毒后寄生处理的寄生蜂子代存活率分别为54.51%和3.71%,前者显著高于后者。表明中红侧沟茧蜂寄生和NPV侵染均能显著抑制棉铃虫的生长发育,但两者联合应用时拮抗效应明显且对寄生蜂子代有影响,同时用于生物防治棉铃虫时应谨慎。 相似文献
5.
为探索棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)类肌钙蛋白基因HaCal的生理功能及其所编码蛋白的生物特性,采用PCR方法克隆了HaCal的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)序列,借助在线软件对其进行生物信息学分析,通过原核表达技术诱导表达和纯化其编码的蛋白,并通过实时荧光定量PCR技术分析其在棉铃虫不同发育龄期和组织中的表达量。结果显示,HaCal的ORF序列长度为564 bp,编码187个氨基酸,理论分子量为20.52 kD,理论等电点为7.64。其保守结构域与Calponin家族一致,但不含跨膜区和信号肽,系亲水性蛋白。原核表达结果显示,融合蛋白大小与理论值一致,纯化获得了纯度较高的目的蛋白。HaCal在棉铃虫幼虫不同发育阶段和不同组织中均有表达,在6龄幼虫体内表达量最高,是1龄幼虫的2.34倍;在5龄幼虫中肠中表达量最高,是头部的257.14倍。表明棉铃虫类肌钙蛋白基因HaCal可能与棉铃虫的生长发育过程密切相关。 相似文献
6.
The incidence levels of moths and larvae of Etiella zinckenella were studied in the reproductive stage of soybean at eight farmers' field sites. A positive relationship was found between moths, caught by sweeping during flowering and pod-formation, and seed damage. Hence, rough predictions of damage can be made based on moth catches. Damage incidence was recorded in unsprayed plots and in plots sprayed with deltamethrin during flowering and pod-formation. Spraying did not affect the densities of moths and larvae or damage to pods and seeds. Larvae of H. armigera, Spodoptera litura and Plusiinae were not affected by spraying, but the pod-sucking bug Riptorus linearis, and two groups of predators, spiders and coccinellids, were reduced. 相似文献
7.
BACKGROUND
Helicoverpa armigera is a major pest of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). Efforts to develop pigeonpea varieties resistant to H. armigera attack have been met with limited success, despite reports of high levels of resistance to H. armigera in wild relatives of pigeonpea and reports of low to moderate levels of resistance in cultivated varieties. Here we examined H. armigera oviposition preference and larval performance on whole plants of three cultivars of short-duration pigeonpea: a susceptible control (ICPL 87) and two cultivars with purported host–plant resistance (ICPL 86012 and ICPL 88039).RESULTS
In our no-choice oviposition experiment, H. armigera laid similar numbers of eggs on all three cultivars tested, but under choice conditions moths laid slightly more eggs on ICPL 88039. Larval growth and development were affected by cultivar, and larvae grew to the largest size (weight) and developed fastest on ICPL 86012. Moths laid most of their eggs on floral structures, sites where subsequent early instar larvae overwhelmingly fed. Experimentally placing neonate larvae at different locations on plants demonstrated that larvae placed on flowers experienced greater survival, faster development, and greater weight gain than those placed on leaves. The type and density of trichomes (a potential resistance trait) differed among cultivars and plant structures, but larvae selected to feed at sites where trichomes were absent.CONCLUSION
Future work examining host–plant resistance against H. armigera should incorporate the behavioural preference of moths and larvae in experiments using whole plants as opposed to bioassays of excised plant parts in Petri dishes. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献8.
为明确棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera ATP结合盒转运蛋白家族A蛋白亚家族2（ATP binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 2,ABCA2）在Cry2Ab杀虫机制中的作用,利用酵母双杂交技术研究棉铃虫ABCA2与Cry2Ab的结合特性,并利用RNA干涉（dsRNA和siRNA）降低ABCA2在细胞和幼虫中的表达,结合细胞毒理学试验分析ABCA2的功能。结果表明,棉铃虫ABCA2能与Cry2Ab特异性结合;棉铃虫的ABCA2序列与美洲棉铃虫H.zea相关序列的相似度为92.86%,利用dsRNA干涉美洲棉铃虫中肠细胞ABCA2的表达能显著降低Cry2Ab对中肠细胞的毒力;利用siRNA干涉技术降低ABCA2在棉铃虫幼虫活体中的表达也显著降低了Cry2Ab对幼虫的毒力。表明棉铃虫ABCA2不仅是Cry2Ab的特异性结合蛋白,而且参与Cry2Ab的杀虫过程,是Cry2Ab的一个重要功能受体。 相似文献
9.
莱氏野村菌对棉铃虫致病力及田间控制作用初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
莱氏野村菌对棉铃虫幼虫致病力以及田间控制作用的初步研究结果表明,该菌对棉铃虫幼虫有较强的致病力,致病适温２４～２７℃。田间喷施其孢子液,６ｄ后棉铃虫被寄生率平均达２２６％。 相似文献
10.
P. T. Walker 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):349-350
Abstract A new simple mass rearing technique for Heliothis armigera is described. Based on environmental and spatial considerations, the technique employs a semi‐artifical diet in conjunction with group rearing at all stages of development and obviates the need for individual handling of eggs, larvae and adults. 相似文献
11.
Abstract In the present study the incidence of Chilo partellus and its mortality due to natural enemies on sorghum intercropped with cowpea and maize were investigated in the 1984–6 cropping seasons. The lowest larval density was recorded in sorghum/ cowpea intercrop (mean 0. 18 larvae/plant); and the highest density in sorghum/maize (mean 1. 8 larvae/plant), although significant differences in larval density were observed only in three out of five seasons. Life table analysis showed first‐generation mortality of C. partellus to be highest in the age interval from egg to early‐instar larva (95–98% real mortality) and attributable mainly to predation; first‐generation mortality due to parasitoids and pathogens was negligible. Significantly higher (P < 0. 05) apparent pupal mortality due to Dentichasmias busseolae (Heinrich) (Ichneumonidae), in the second generation occurred in sorghum/cowpea (42.8%) than in sorghum/maize (12.5%). It was concluded that predators play a significant role and that intercropping sorghum with cowpea or maize does not interfere with their activity. Intercropping sorghum with cowpea gave nearly 40% higher yield index than sorghum monocrop. The implications of these findings on management 相似文献
12.
为明确转录因子广泛锌指复合物（broad complex,BR-C）在棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera生长发育过程中的作用,基于转录组序列从棉铃虫幼虫中肠克隆获得BR-C Z2的cDNA序列并对其氨基酸序列和蛋白结构进行生物信息学分析,利用原核表达系统表达其融合蛋白;用实时荧光定量PCR（real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR）技术分析BR-C Z2基因在棉铃虫体内的表达规律,以及2-十三烷酮（2-tridecanone,2-TD）处理后其在棉铃虫6龄幼虫中肠内的变化规律。结果显示,棉铃虫BR-C Z2基因的开放阅读框为1 257 bp,编码418个氨基酸,预测编码蛋白的分子量和理论等电点分别为46.63 kD和6.94,主要定位于细胞核中。系统进化树结果显示棉铃虫BR-C Z2与家蚕Bombyx mori的BR-C Z2亲缘关系最近。成功表达His-HaBR-C Z2融合蛋白。BR-C Z2基因在棉铃虫蛹期和6龄幼虫中肠组织中相对表达量最高;不同浓度2-TD处理后,棉铃虫BR-C Z2基因相对表达量变化趋势不同,其中15 mg/g浓度处理12 h后棉铃虫BR-C Z2基因相对表达量达到峰值,是对照的2.5倍,而20 mg/g浓度处理20 h后棉铃虫BR-C Z2基因相对表达量降到最低,为对照的45.13%。表明BR-C Z2基因可能参与棉铃虫的生长发育,并响应2-TD的胁迫。 相似文献
13.
为探索棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera液泡型ATP酶(vacuolar-type proton ATPase,V-ATP酶)亚基A对棉铃虫生长发育的影响及其在Bt杀虫机制中的作用,采用PCR结合RACE技术克隆了棉铃虫V-ATP酶亚基A基因序列,通过实时荧光定量PCR技术测定了其在棉铃虫不同发育历期和幼虫肠道不同组织中的表达量;并比较了4龄幼虫取食含Cry1Ac蛋白饲料后中肠中该基因表达量的变化。结果显示,棉铃虫V-ATP酶亚基A基因全长2 578 bp(Gen Bank登录号KP090287),开放阅读框1 863 bp,编码621个氨基酸。V-ATP酶亚基A高度保守,不同物种间氨基酸序列同源性大于90%。V-ATP酶亚基A在棉铃虫整个生育期都有表达,在4龄幼虫体内表达量最高,是卵期的3.00倍;在幼虫肠道不同组织中,中肠中表达量最高,是后肠中的2.65倍。4龄棉铃虫幼虫取食含Cry1Ac蛋白的人工饲料后,中肠V-ATP酶亚基A的表达受到抑制,表达量为对照的0.39~0.81倍。表明V-ATP酶亚基A基因可能参与棉铃虫的生长发育和代谢过程,并可能与抵御Cry1Ac的毒杀作用有一定关系。 相似文献
14.
为评估转cry1Ab/cry2Aj、cry1Ab/vip3DA玉米对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)、甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)和斜纹夜蛾Prodenia litura(Fabricius)的抗虫性,在室内测定了3个转cry1Ab/cry2Aj玉米品系和1个转cry1Ab/vip3DA玉米品系对3种害虫幼虫存活和生长发育的影响,研究了该系列Bt玉米不同组织器官对害虫的杀虫活性和控制效果。结果显示,棉铃虫初孵幼虫取食各品系Bt玉米叶片96h后死亡率为87.50%~90.00%,取食花丝和雌穗的幼虫96h后几乎全部死亡;甜菜夜蛾初孵幼虫取食各品系Bt玉米叶片、花丝和雌穗168h后死亡率为22.50%~68.33%,幼虫的生长发育受到明显抑制,体重抑制率达85.00%~95.00%;斜纹夜蛾初孵幼虫取食各品系Bt玉米叶片、花丝和雌穗96 h后死亡率显著高于非转基因亲本对照,168h后幼虫死亡率达90.00%以上。研究表明,转cry1Ab/cry2Aj和cry1Ab/vip3DA玉米品系对棉铃虫和斜纹夜蛾的初孵幼虫表现出较好的抗性,可以作为转多基因抗虫玉米育种的备选材料。 相似文献
15.
Pupation of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), occurs in the soil. This may be a weak link in the life-cycle, exploitable through cultivation, in the control of this important pest. We evaluated the effects of irrigation on the performance of H. armigera. It did not affect the numbers of larvae entering the soil. However, irrigation treatments made on the 2nd, 3rd and 10th day after larvae entered the soil significantly reduced moth emergence (27, 19 and 28.7% emerged from the respective treatments, compared to 93.7% emerging from the control). Irrigation did not affect the time taken from the larva entering the soil to female adult emergence, but it significantly delayed the time in males. Realized fecundity of the emerging H. armigera adults was significantly decreased by irrigation treatment, especially on the 10th day, with a mean of only 367 eggs laid per female. Irrigation after larvae entered the soil substantially decreased survival of H. armigera, and the increase in the size of the generation following irrigation was only 2.8 times for the irrigation treatments on the 3rd and 10th day after larva entered the soil, respectively, compared with that of the control treatment. We suggest utilizing irrigation practices to suppress overwintering pupal numbers, in order to control the spring generation of H. armigera. 相似文献
16.
In the laboratory, low concentrations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (B.t.), as ‘Dipel’ 2X applied (at about the LC5) to cotton leaves enhanced the activity of endosulfan and reduced resistance to endosulfan from approximately seven fold to two fold in neonate larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). Low (LC5) concentrations of endosulfan also increased the toxicity of B.t. Both endo-sulfan and B.t. increased the toxicity of the stomach poison cryolite to H. armigera. This increased toxicity was not observed where B.t./endosulfan combinations were applied topically to larvae or where B.t. was combined with organophosphorus or pyrethroid insecticides which are considered primarily to be contact toxicants. Mixtures of B.t. and endosulfan applied at equitoxic concentrations were less toxic than similar concentrations applied alone. 相似文献
17.
为明确田间使用多杀霉素亚致死浓度对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera幼虫的影响,用含多杀霉素亚致死浓度LC25的人工饲料持续饲喂棉铃虫3龄幼虫,并对饲喂后其体重、取食量、累计蛹化率、蛹发育历期和蛹重等生长发育及脂肪体内甘油三脂（triglyceride,TG）含量和相关基因SREBP、FAS和HSL表达情况进行测定。结果表明,多杀霉素对棉铃虫的亚致死浓度LC25为0.21 mg/kg;多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理4~6 d后,棉铃虫3龄幼虫体重分别为0.065、0.263和0.329 g,较对照显著降低;处理6 d后,其取食量为0.082 g,较对照显著降低;处理4~7 d后,其累计化蛹率分别为60.90%、63.20%、65.50%和65.50%,较对照显著降低。多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理后,棉铃虫蛹发育历期由对照9.89 d显著延长至10.74 d,单头蛹重为0.274 g,显著低于对照的0.324 g;其脂肪体TG含量较对照显著降低。多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理24~72 h后,参与脂肪酸合成信号通路中重要基因SREBP和FAS的相对表达量较对照均显著下调,而参与脂肪代谢的重要基因HSL则较对照显著上调。 相似文献
18.
AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether target-insects selectively feed on transgenic or non-transgenic crops after consecutive cultivation in fields. We sampled leaves from insect-resistant single-transgenic cotton (expressing Cry1Ac gene), pyramided-transgenic (expressing Cry1Ac and CPTI genes) and conventional cotton that were consecutively cultivated for three years in a field. Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) collected from the cotton field was reared and its next-generation larvae were fed the three types of cotton leaves in a laboratory. The leaf area damaged by the cotton bollworm larvae was not significantly different among single-transgenic, pyramided transgenic and conventional cotton leaves. There was no significant difference found in the leaf damage among the combination groups of the three cotton types. The survival rate of the bollworms was comparable among the combination groups. The results demonstrated that the cotton bollworms did not selectively feed on transgenic or non-transgenic cotton leaves after consecutive cultivation, which may be due to the resistance evolution of the target-insects and decreased Bt content in transgenic cotton leaves. 相似文献
19.
为明确N6-甲基腺苷（N6-methyladenosine,m6A）修饰在棉铃虫核型多角体病毒（Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus,HearNPV）侵染棉铃虫中的作用,根据基因组和转录组数据,对棉铃虫m6A结合蛋白基因YTHDF1（YTH domain-containing family protein 1）进行鉴定和分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测棉铃虫YTHDF1基因的时空表达模式、HearNPV处理后的表达变化情况以及RNA干扰效率,并调查该基因下调后对HearNPV复制及感染HearNPV棉铃虫死亡情况的影响。结果显示,棉铃虫YTHDF1基因开放阅读框全长为2 019 bp,编码672个氨基酸,含有1个保守的YTH结构域,其氨基酸序列与斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura同源物序列一致性达87.52%。YTHDF1基因在棉铃虫不同发育阶段均有表达,其中在进入5龄期24 h幼虫中的表达量最高,在2龄取食期幼虫中的表达量最低。YTHDF1基因的空间表达谱呈现一定的组织特异性,在幼虫血细胞和成虫头部的表达量最高。HearNPV侵染棉铃虫后YTHDF1基因上调表达,经RNA干扰使该基因下调后显著抑制了HearNPV多角体蛋白基因polyhedrin的表达并延迟了感染HearNPV棉铃虫的死亡时间。表明YTHDF1基因在HearNPV侵染棉铃虫的过程中发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
20.
The hemocytes of the American bollwormHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner) were studied in the last instar larvae by phase contrast microscopy to investigate the differences among 14 populations,
collected from ten locations, spread over a distance of approximately 3000 km in six different states of India. The cluster
analysis of differential hemocytes showed as many as 11 clusters of populations at 5% and six clusters at 10% homogeneity
level. The cluster analysis of hemocytes of seven populations from cotton crops showed five and three clusters at 5% and 10%
homogeneity levels, respectively. Diversity of hemocytes of four populations from chickpea was wider than that from cotton.
The differences in hemocytes of various populations may be due to space, time, host plant, insecticide use, other agroecological
conditions, and insect genetic variabilityper se. The field populations ofH. armigera heavily treated with insecticides appeared to contain more spherulocytes at the expense of plasmatocytes and granulocytes.
The treatment of 6-day-old larvae ofH. armigera with cypermethrin decreased plasmatocytes and granulocytes, and increased prohemocytes and spherulocytes in the hemolymph
of last instar larvae. Thus, differential hemocyte counts may serve as an indicator of insecticide exposure and the diversity
of insect populations.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 20, 2004. 相似文献