共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
Collaboration between the Plant Protection Services of France and the Channel Islands has helped to keep Jersey and Guernsey free of Colorado Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) for over 60 years. The Channel Islands lie close to the coast of the Cotentin peninsula where potato fields are still infested with Colorado Beetle. Joint surveys of the coastal potato fields of Cotentin provide valuable information on beetle populations. Beetle flight records together with local weather data provide the necessary information to issue Colorado Beetle alerts to the Channel Islands during the months of May–July. High risk alerts issued by French Plant Protection colleagues are acted on and inspectors are mobilised to search beaches in Jersey and Guernsey for adult beetles. Farmers are not obliged to control Colorado Beetle in France. However, there has been an agreement negotiated in the Cotentin that farmers will treat their fields if beetles are found, with monitoring carried out by staff from a local co‐operative. This co‐operation has proved essential in the Colorado Beetle campaign. 相似文献
2.
3.
为了解甘谷县春季空气中小麦条锈菌Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici夏孢子的动态变化、孢子密度与病情的关系以及气象因素对孢子密度和病情的影响,利用孢子捕捉器和定量PCR法对2013—2015年春季甘谷县南山和北山地区空气中小麦条锈菌夏孢子密度的动态变化进行监测,同时调查病情和记录相同时间段的气象因素,并利用Pearson和Spearman等级相关进行相关分析。结果显示,甘谷县南山和北山地区春季夏孢子动态变化趋势相似,均在5—6月出现孢子密度的峰值。南山和北山地区空气中的孢子密度与各地区田间病情指数显著相关,且相关系数分别达到0.851和0.931。除2013年外,空气中孢子密度与温度、光照呈正相关,而与相对湿度、降水量呈负相关;南山地区田间病情指数与光照、温度和降水天数显著相关,北山地区田间病情指数则仅与平均相对湿度显著相关。根据空气中小麦条锈菌夏孢子的监测并结合当地的气象因素有助于制定合理的病害防治策略,实现对小麦条锈病的定点和定期防治。 相似文献
4.
Scott M. Salom Nicholas D. Stone Stephen R. Clarke Jeffrey G. Fidgen Brian Ward Quintin McClellan Brinkley Benson 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2001,6(3-4):303-310
The Southern Pine Beetle (SPB) is a major pest in southern U.S.A., Mexico, and Central America. Enormous resources in terms of funding, personnel, and effort have been allocated for research and development of pest management tools for this pest over the past century. Access to information from journal articles, reports, fact sheets, etc. does require some effort and is often incomplete and difficult to obtain. The emergence of the Internet now allows rapid access to information from diverse sources. We have created a comprehensive website entitled, 'The Southern Pine Beetle Internet Control Center' (SPBICC) (www.spbicc.vt.edu). The goal of the site is to provide all available resources on SPB to anyone with access to the Internet. It is also designed to increase communication among researchers and professionals to help advance the management of this pest. The site is interactive, which permits constant updating without contacting a webmaster. Attributes of the site include background information in the form of fact sheets, reviews, and government handbooks; an interactive diagnostic identification key for SPB and other bark beetles; a searchable expertise directory; a calendar of SPB-related events; a discussion forum; an online SPB spot growth predictive model; a searchable bibliographic database; a webcrawler designed to search for SPB-related websites, and more. Web-based tools were developed to integrate relational databases as the functional base of this site. The dynamic nature of the SPBICC makes it a powerful tool and a model for development of websites for other major agricultural or forest pests. 相似文献
5.
R. T. Gahukar 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):415-420
Abstract During recent years, blister beetles have gained importance in species diversity and as pests of food crops in West Africa. Among the 97 species reported, Psalydolytta fusca Oliv, and P. vestita Duf. are economically important beetle species. Beetle abundance is generally associated with the flowering of crops in a region. Regular intensive weeding and early crop establishment are recommended for pest management in food crops. Global pest control strategies are discussed in the context of subsistence agriculture. 相似文献
6.
土壤水分是量度干旱程度最重要的指标，如何对其有效监测与预警一直是各界致力解决的重大科学问题。基于Suomi NPP/VIIRS数据的温度植被干旱指数TVDI、归一化植被水分指数NDWI、植被状况指数VCI,分别构建了青海省东部农业区3种土壤水分监测模型，利用连续的野外定点观测数据及生态站点观测数据进行模型检验，并在2017年夏旱过程进行了应用检验。结果表明：2012—2016年模型回代检验中，TVDI指数模型表现最优(RMSE为4.4%),其次为VCI指数模型(RMSE为4.7%),NDWI指数模型表现最差(RMSE为5.2%);2018—2020年夏季互助遥感检验场定点观测检验中，TVDI指数模型表现最好(RMSE为3.8%),VCI指数模型次之(RMSE为5.0%),NDWI指数模型表现最差(RMSE为8.8%);2017年夏季干旱过程中，TVDI指数模型反演的旱情发展过程及分布范围与实际旱情情况相符，而NDWI指数模型反演的旱情分布范围明显偏小，VCI指数模型甚至不能反映旱情缓解、解除期的变化。 相似文献
7.
The Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is a serious threat in potato‐growing areas in Europe. Control requires a high insecticide input and meanwhile L. decemlineata has developed resistance to all commonly used insecticides. In order to establish an integrated pest management system a temperature‐driven decision support system (SIMLEP DSS) has been elaborated and consists of two modules. SIMLEP 1 is a regional forecasting model for the first occurrence of hibernating beetles and the start of egg laying. SIMLEP 3 is a field–specific model which forecasts the occurrence of the developmental stages of L. decemlineata. From 1999 to 2004 SIMLEP 3 was validated in Germany, Austria, Italy and Poland. In about 90% of cases SIMLEP 3 correctly predicted the periods of maximum egg laying and young larval occurrence, which are the optimal periods for field assessments and treatments with conventional and biological insecticides. SIMLEP 3 is used in practice in Germany and Austria on a large scale and in the western part of Poland. The SIMLEP DSS contributed a lot to the improvement of farmers’L. decemlineata control measures. 相似文献
8.
R.J. Hodges 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2002,7(4):223-243
Methods for detecting and for monitoring Prostephanus truncatus(Horn) are crucial components in phyto- sanitary control, research programmes and pest management against this beetle. P. truncatus is unusual in that its populations are distributed widely between natural habitats and stores holding maize grain and dried cassava roots, which necessitates a similarly wide range of sampling methodologies. This review considers successful and unsuccessful approaches to sampling the pest populations in both stores and the natural environment and concludes with a consideration of how monitoring could contribute to integrated pest management for P. truncatus. 相似文献
9.
Cláudia Vicente Margarida Espada Paulo Vieira Manuel Mota 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,133(1):89-99
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pinewood nematode (PWN) and causal agent of Pine Wilt Disease (PWD), was detected for the first time, in 1999, in Portugal,
and in Europe. Despite the efforts of the Portuguese National Forestry and Quarantine Authorities, the disease has spread
to new forest areas in the centre of mainland Portugal, in 2008, and to the island of Madeira, in 2009. More recently, two
foci of PWD were reported from Spain. The free circulation of non-treated wood and wood products, as part of global trade,
may explain this phenomenon, which constitutes a threat to other European forestlands. This review gathers the most recent
up-to-date information about PWD in Europe, as well as in other countries, presenting integrative management procedures for
detection and control, and the scientific knowledge generated over the last decade, to understand the complex biological system
behind the disease. 相似文献
10.
以陕西省关中平原为研究区域,选取2000-2009年每年4月上、中、下旬和5月上旬Terra-MO-DIS和NOAA-AVHRR遥感数据,应用条件植被温度指数(VTCI)方法,探究在两种遥感数据源、相同时间尺度下VTCI干旱监测结果的特点和可比性。通过对比分析多年同一旬的VTCI结果发现,两种数据的监测结果反映出的旱情分布规律相同,并且符合实际的干旱情况。尽管两种遥感数据在过境时间、波段数等方面均有所不同,但是两种数据的VTCI结果散点分布呈现出明显的线性相关关系,说明两种数据得到的VTCI干旱监测结果是具有可比性的。 相似文献
11.
Eugenia Fezza Joe M. Roberts Toby J. A. Bruce Lael E. Walsh Michael T. Gaffney Tom W. Pope 《Pest management science》2023,79(11):4635-4643
BACKGROUND
Monitoring is an integral component of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes used to inform crop management decisions. Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), continues to cause economically significant losses in horticultural crops due to an inability to reliably detect the presence of this species before crop damage occurs. To improve vine weevil monitoring we investigated the behavioural responses of adult vine weevils to visual (monitoring tool shade/colour, height and diameter as well as the effect of monitoring tool and plant density) and olfactory (host plant and conspecifics) cues under glasshouse conditions.RESULTS
Monitoring tool shade, height and diameter all influenced monitoring tool efficacy, with individuals exhibiting a preference for black, tall and wide monitoring tools. The total number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools increased with monitoring tool density. By contrast, plant density did not influence the number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools. Yew-baited monitoring tools retained a larger number of individuals compared to unbaited ones. Similarly, more vine weevils were recorded in monitoring tools baited with yew and conspecifics than in unbaited monitoring tools or those baited with only yew. Baiting monitoring tools with conspecifics alone did not enhance the number of vine weevils recorded in monitoring tools.CONCLUSIONS
Our study confirms that visual and olfactory cues influence vine weevil behaviour. This provides information on key factors that influence vine weevil monitoring tool efficacy and can be used to inform the development of a new monitoring tool for this pest. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献12.
Dávid U. Nagy Emily S. J. Rauschert Tamás Henn Kevin Cianfaglione Szilvia Stranczinger Robert W. Pal 《Weed Research》2020,60(3):232-240
Developing invasive plant management strategies is an important task in modern ecology, conservation biology and land management. Solidago gigantea is considered a problematic invader in Europe and Asia, where it forms dominant stands that can decrease species diversity. There is, therefore, an urgent need for effective management to reduce S. gigantea infestations and their negative impacts. We examined the efficacy of multiple approaches to S. gigantea management in Hungary. In our study, we evaluated the effect of several long-term management techniques such as grazing, mowing and periodic flooding on the invader's density as well as native community diversity. In addition, we investigated the short- and long-term effects of mowing combined with other treatment options, to estimate the influence of increased management intensity. Our results indicate that all tested management techniques had negative impacts on S. gigantea density. Short-term mowing did not appear to improve species diversity in the resident community; however, all long-term options improved species diversity. Moreover, combining treatments with mowing varied in its effectiveness; mowing once increased the efficacy of flooding, but decreased the efficacy of grazing, while mowing twice decreased efficacy of flooding. We suspect this is due to the increased intensity of disturbance, which does not allow for the natural recovery of communities, and after management ceases, invasion is able to re-occur. Our results indicate that for effective management, we need to combine management options which act via different mechanisms, leading to cumulative positive effects on the resident community when applied at moderate levels. 相似文献
13.
A search for patterns in the success and failure of microbial insecticides in vegetable crops was conducted through review of four case studies: the use of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) var. tenebrionis for control of the Colorado potato beetle, the use of B.t. var. kurstaki for control of the diamondback moth, the use of various B.t.s for control of lepidopterous pests in tomatoes and celery, and the use of a granulosis virus for control of potato tuber moth. With success defined in terms of achievement of technical goals (efficacy), commercial goals (end-user and insecticide manufacturer satisfaction) and social, or public goals (environmental and health safety), only certain of the case studies could be judged a success. These successes shared a variety of features including: (1) use of the microbial insecticide as a component, rather than as the sole agent, in an integrated crop management program; (2) unavailability of conventional insecticides, due to insecticide resistance, lack of registered products or mandatory IPM programs, provided incentive for the use of microbial insecticides; (3) modification of the expectation that microbial insecticides will perform within the chemical paradigm – fast, lethal and on contact; (4) exploitation of all possible benefits of the microbial insecticide, including safety to natural enemies, as well as efficacy against the target insect, and (5) support from large private and public institutions in the form of research, grower education, scouting programs, subsidized production, and economic and legal incentives to the use of microbial insecticides. 相似文献
14.
Ashwani K. Basandrai Abhay K. Pandey Prakit Somta Daisy Basandrai 《Plant pathology》2021,70(6):1263-1275
The necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina is an important pathogen of many crops, such as strawberry, maize, sorghum, potato, soybean, chickpea, and pigeon pea, and causes multiple diseases throughout the world. The microsclerotia, which are the source of primary inoculum, play an important role in the survival and spread of M. phaseolina, as well as disease initiation and development. South Asia has unique characteristics relative to countries with temperate climates, that is, warm temperature, high humidity, and reduced rainfall that influence the interaction between M. phaseolina and its hosts. This review discusses the distribution pattern, pathogen background, pathogenic and genetic variability, and the mitigation strategies applied worldwide to reduce the impact of diseases caused by M. phaseolina with a focus on dry root rot of mungbean and urdbean in South Asia. Dry root rot, caused by M. phaseolina, is an emerging disease of mungbean and urdbean in South Asia. Dry root rot research in South Asia has focused mostly on adopting disease mitigation strategies evolved in tropical to temperate climates such as cultural practices, chemical control, genetic resistance, and biological control. Although the disease is prevalent in most of South Asia, there have been very few studies on M. phaseolina and its host–parasite interaction. Therefore, additional research is required in this domain, which could result in improved understanding and management of M. phaseolina in the face of present and future climate extremes. 相似文献
15.
BACKGROUND: The possibility of improving the efficacy of various insecticides for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), by the addition of a microencapsulated formulation of pear ester, ethyl (2E, 4Z)‐2,4‐decadienoate (PE‐MEC, 5% AI), was evaluated in field trials in apple from 2005 to 2009. RESULTS: The addition of PE‐MEC (<3.0 g AI ha?1) significantly lowered fruit injury with low rates of organophosphate and neonicotinoid insecticides. The addition of PE‐MEC (1.48 g AI ha?1) to maximum label rates of insecticides with moderate activity for codling moth, such as ebamectin benzoate, spinosad and methoxyfenozide, significantly improved their effectiveness. However, PE‐MEC did not consistently improve the activity of maximum label rates of either rynaxypyr or spinetoram. The addition of PE‐MEC with seasonal spray programs of acetamiprid and azinphos‐methyl in combination with the use of sex pheromones for mating disruption provided the most effective control. CONCLUSION: The addition of PE‐MEC can improve the effectiveness of some insecticides for codling moth in apple. Insecticides active via dermal toxicity are more strongly improved by the addition of PE‐MEC. Season‐long use of PE‐MEC can also augment the effectiveness of mating disruption. Adding PE‐MEC to variable integrated management programs for C. pomonella should be further investigated. Published 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Stefania Pollastro Cataldo Laguardia Crescenza Dongiovanni Palma Rosa Rotondo Rita Milvia De Miccolis Angelini Celeste Raguseo Caterina Rotolo Donato Gerin Francesco Faretra 《Plant pathology》2022,71(6):1369-1380
Powdery mildew is one of the most common and severe diseases of cucurbits, causing heavy yield losses in all growing areas when not successfully controlled. Two different fungal species, Podosphaera xanthii and Golovinomyces orontii, are generally recognized as causal agents. The results of monitoring carried out in 2016 and 2018 confirmed that P. xanthii is the exclusive pathogen causing cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM) in southern Italy. P. xanthii is a bipolar heterothallic fungus; a PCR-based method for distinguishing MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs was applied for assessing mating type distribution in fungal populations present on cucurbits in different sites. The idiomorph MAT1-2 was prevalent over the MAT1-1 in 2016, whereas they were approximately in a 1:1 ratio in 2018; this finding corroborated the hypothesis that the MAT1-1 idiomorph was more recently introduced in the area. Cyflufenamid-resistant isolates were widespread in commercial greenhouses and field plantings even though use of this fungicide had been drastically reduced by the farmers 1 year before the monitoring due to the effectiveness losses observed in CPM control. Occurrence of cyflufenamid resistance and its impact on efficacy were evaluated in a field trial comparing different fungicide spray schedules. Cyflufenamid-resistant isolates were detected even at the first appearance of symptoms on leaves, increasing over time. Isolates resistant to cyflufenamid showed a resistance factor as high as 900. Generally, P. xanthii was better controlled when cyflufenamid was used in integrated strategies rather than in spray schedules based on the exclusive use of the fungicide. 相似文献
17.
BACKGROUND: Tests were conducted on two insecticides (carbaryl and bifenthrin) for excluding subcortical beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae and Cerambycidae) from loblolly pine trees (Pinus taeda L.). Two trap designs (single‐ and double‐pane windows) and two trapping heights (1.5 and 4 m) were also evaluated for maximizing beetle catches. RESULTS: In July 2009, 15 loblolly pine trees were double girdled and were either left unsprayed or sprayed with carbaryl or bifenthrin. A total of 28 473 bark beetles were caught in window traps, including Ips avulsus Eichoff, I. grandicollis (Eichhoff), I. calligraphus (Germar) and Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier). Both insecticides significantly reduced colonization of the trees by bark and woodboring beetles by 300–400%, with no differences in efficacy observed between the two insecticides. About 59% more I. avulsus were caught in double‐ than in single‐pane window traps, with no differences for any other species. Traps at 4 m caught more I. avulsus and I. grandicollis (290 and 153% respectively), while traps at 1.5 m caught more D. terebrans (215%). CONCLUSIONS: Either bifenthrin or carbaryl can be used to exclude subcortical beetles from loblolly pine trees. Trapping data reflect known vertical partitioning on the bole by these insects. Double‐pane traps were slightly more effective than single‐pane traps in catching subcortical beetles. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
18.
We examined whether the invasive silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaeagnifolium (Cavanilles) can facilitate the infestation of potato (Solanum tuberosum (L.)) by the Colorado Potato Beetle, CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) in Greece, which would have important financial and pest management implications for the growing of potato crops. In laboratory tests, CPB from Lesvos could utilise S. elaeagnifolium if supplied with whole plants. In the field, however, CPB was only found on S. elaeagnifolium after the start of the spring potato harvest and the resulting loss of potato foliage, and no eggs were laid. This suggests that S. elaeagnifolium provides only a temporary food resource for adult beetles. One of 10 surveyed summer potato fields near the study population of S. elaeagnifolium was infested with CPB. It is likely that the presence of S. elaeagnifolium in the vicinity of spring and summer potato fields can help maintain CPB population viability in the immediate post harvest period of the spring potato crop, which may in turn facilitate the infestation of summer potato fields with CPB. 相似文献
19.
Stephen Clarke 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2001,6(3-4):293-301
The operational Integrated Pest Management program for the southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonus frontalis, currently consists of five components: prevention, prediction, detection, evaluation, and direct control. Full implementation of the program is hampered by economic, regulatory, and management constraints, and devastating SPB outbreaks still occur periodically. Recommendations for improving implementation include gaining public acceptance of the program, devising new management strategies, developing area-wide suppression techniques, coordinating efforts among landowners and government agencies, and revising the environmental analysis process. Severe outbreaks will continue without the creation of less susceptible forest conditions and more stable timber markets, plus the development of improved prediction, detection, communication, and suppression practices. 相似文献
20.
Whalen W. Dillon Sarah E. Haas David M. Rizzo Ross K. Meentemeyer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,138(3):449-465
The challenge of observing interactions between plant pathogens, their hosts, and environmental heterogeneity across multiple spatial scales commonly limits our ability to understand and manage wildland forest epidemics. Using the forest pathogen Phytopthora ramorum as a case study, we established 20 multiscale field sites to analyze how host-pathogen-environment relationships vary across spatial scales of observation in a wildland pathosystem. We developed statistical models of disease intensity across five nested levels of spatial aggregation, from an individual host through four broader spatial extents of observation. Analyses were conducted from two spatial perspectives: a focal view, where disease intensity at one scale was examined as a function of broader-scale landscape conditions, and an aggregate view, where disease intensity and landscape conditions was observed at the same scale of spatial aggregation. For each perspective, separate models were developed to compare direct field measurements of host density versus less expensive remotely sensed estimates of host habitat as predictors of disease in landscape-scale studies. From both perspectives, models using direct measurements of host density performed better than models using remotely sensed estimates of host habitat across all four spatial extents. We found no significant difference in model performance at the individual level. From the focal view, the performance of host density models declined with increasing spatial extent, whereas the performance of host habitat models improved with spatial extent. These results illustrate how the scale of observation – both spatial extent and measurement detail – can influence conclusions drawn from epidemiological models of wildland pathosystems. 相似文献