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2004～2005年,在冀南棉区调查了麦套Bt棉田对棉花苗期蚜虫和天敌的影响及其经济效益。结果表明,麦套棉田的棉蚜数量均显著低于对照田(P<0.05),其高峰期的蚜虫种群数量低于防治指标,且受棉蚜的危害程度小于对照田。麦套棉田中的瓢虫和僵蚜的种群数量显著高于对照田和化防田,与对照田相比,麦套棉田中的瓢虫发生高峰期提前10天左右。化防田的籽棉产量高于麦套棉田和对照田,但麦套棉田2004和2005年的综合经济效益分别为1.7万元/hm2和2.08万元/hm2,比化防田多0.53万元/hm2和0.57万元/hm2。试验结果还表明,棉花苗期蚜虫能够显著影响棉花产量,采用套种等多熟种植模式可以作为Bt棉有害生物综合治理的重要组成部分。 相似文献
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R. K. Mensah 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(2):95-105
Part 1 of the paper showed that the integration of a lucerne/ cotton interplant system with supplementary food sprays retained and increased populations of predatory insects in the cotton crop. The strategic use of biopesticides (Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV)) reduced the use of synthetic insecticides by 50% without sacrificing cotton yield and profitability. In economic terms, the average gross margin for the IPM plot was A$3255 compared with A$3020 and A$3218 for the plots treated with (1) conventional insecticides on transgenic (Ingard®) cotton and (2) conventional insecticides on non-transgenic cotton. The use of transgenic cotton affected a 25% saving on synthetic insecticide usage. The results clearly indicate that a refined IPM approach could have a distinctive advantages in terms of economic and environmental impacts on cotton production. The success of such an approach lies in a strict adherence to its methodology. 相似文献
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Abstract This Forum contribution forms a response to the thoughtful article on the role of Bt cotton for African smallholders by Rory Hillocks in International Journal of Pest Management 51(2):131–141. We urge a more nuanced approach to consideration of pesticide-related and other technical issues in the conventional cotton sector, including recent estimates of external costs to health from current patterns of pesticide use, even at the low application levels in volume/area terms reported from Africa. We examine economic and institutional aspects of cotton production and the debates centred upon the potential of Bt cotton for resource-poor farmers in developing countries. Based on research and project experience over the last decade, we discuss the role of organic cotton and the benefits it provides for African men and women smallholders, and conclude with a summary of the potential for expansion and policy, research and development needs. 相似文献
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether target-insects selectively feed on transgenic or non-transgenic crops after consecutive cultivation in fields. We sampled leaves from insect-resistant single-transgenic cotton (expressing Cry1Ac gene), pyramided-transgenic (expressing Cry1Ac and CPTI genes) and conventional cotton that were consecutively cultivated for three years in a field. Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) collected from the cotton field was reared and its next-generation larvae were fed the three types of cotton leaves in a laboratory. The leaf area damaged by the cotton bollworm larvae was not significantly different among single-transgenic, pyramided transgenic and conventional cotton leaves. There was no significant difference found in the leaf damage among the combination groups of the three cotton types. The survival rate of the bollworms was comparable among the combination groups. The results demonstrated that the cotton bollworms did not selectively feed on transgenic or non-transgenic cotton leaves after consecutive cultivation, which may be due to the resistance evolution of the target-insects and decreased Bt content in transgenic cotton leaves. 相似文献
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Bt棉田中绿盲蝽防治技术的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过设置转Bt棉综防田(种植诱集作物和适当使用农药控制害虫)、对照田(依靠自然天敌控制害虫)和化防田(使用农药控制害虫)3种处理,研究了冀南棉区绿盲蝽与捕食性天敌种群关系及绿盲蝽对棉花生长的影响。结果表明,在Bt棉田,绿盲蝽分别于6月29日、8月14日和9月4日出现了3个发生高峰。其中6月29日综防田、对照田和化防田百株发生量差异不显著(p>0.05);8月14日,对照田的百株虫量显著多于化防田和综防田。差异极显著(p<0.01);9月4日,对照田的虫量达到60头/100株,且不同类型田差异显著(p<0.05)。Bt棉生长前期和中后期,捕食性天敌在综防田的百株天敌量明显高于化防田和对照田,其中6月29日、8月29日和9月9日综防田的天敌量达65、70、75头/100株。分析3种不同类型田绿盲蝽对棉花叶危害株率、落蕾率、落铃率和成铃量影响顺序均为对照田>化防田>综防田,除化防田与综防田的落铃率无显著差异,其余均表现差异显著。 相似文献
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Improvement of farmers' decision-making has been recognised as critical for the implementation of IPM, yet practitioners lack sound knowledge on the 'how and why' of farmers' decision-making processes. This study explored the perceptions, pest management practice, decision tools and sources of information of smallholder farmers growing cotton in India and vegetables in Kenya. Farmers trained under an Insecticide Resistance Management and two IPM Farmer Field School projects were compared with untrained farmers from the same localities, using individual interviews and participatory group analysis methods. Trained farmers' decision-making was enhanced, by the use of more decision tools and new sources of information and technologies and they were generally more confident in their pest management strategies than untrained farmers. As a result, trained farmers reduced their pest management costs but did not always obtain higher gross margins. Issues of gender, sustainability, economics and group action are discussed, along with recommendations for research and extension to take a closer look at farmers' decision-making processes in cash and subsistence crops. 相似文献
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Abstract The benefits of growing organic cotton were advocated in a recent contribution to this Forum. While welcoming a debate on this subject, we advocate a closer look at the history of cotton in Africa, whereby for decades farmers did grow cotton without insecticides. We believe that while there may be a market for ‘organic’ cotton production, it would be a retrograde step to ignore the technological advances that enable much higher yields to be obtained economically. What is needed is improved training and extension services backed up by an on-going research programme for IPM/ICM utilising the most appropriate technologies. Continuing research is needed to integrate new technology of benefit to the small-scale farmer, whether aiming at organic production or higher yields by integrating rational use of biotechnology and pesticides. 相似文献
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陷阱法调查转Bt棉对棉田地面蜘蛛群落的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确转Bt棉对非靶标节肢动物棉田蜘蛛群落的影响,在棉花全生长期利用陷阱法对转Bt棉(中棉29)和传统棉田(湘杂3号)蜘蛛的群落多样性及数量动态变化进行了系统调查。结果表明:共采集棉田蜘蛛5 020头,隶属13科33种,其中转Bt棉田2 548头,隶属12科27种,传统棉田2 472头,隶属12科27种;转Bt棉田和传统棉田均以狼蛛科Lycosidae、平腹蛛科Gnaphosidae和隐石蛛科Titanoecidae为优势科,优势科的优势种也均为沟渠豹蛛Pardosa laura、蛞平腹蛛Gnaphosa kompirensis和白斑隐石蛛Nurscia albofasciata,2种棉田在地面蜘蛛群落组成上除少部分稀有物种存在差异外,优势科及优势科的优势种均无显著差异;且3种优势种蜘蛛数量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数以及物种丰富度均无显著差异;2种棉田地面蜘蛛数量动态变化也无显著差异,均有2个高峰期,分别在苗期和铃期。表明转Bt棉对棉田地面蜘蛛群落无显著影响。 相似文献
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Plant training for induced defense against insect pests: a promising tool for integrated pest management in cotton 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ana L Llandres Raki Almohamad Thierry Brévault Alain Renou Idrissa Téréta Janine Jean François‐Regis Goebel 《Pest management science》2018,74(9):2004-2012
Enhancing cotton pest management using plant natural defenses has been described as a promising way to improve the management of crop pests. We here reviewed various studies on cotton growing systems to illustrate how an ancient technique called plant training, which includes plant topping and pruning, may contribute to this goal. Using examples from cotton crops, we show how trained plants can be brought to a state of enhanced defense that causes faster and more robust activation of their defense responses. We revisit the agricultural benefits associated with this technique in cotton crops, with a focus on its potential as a supplementary tool for integrated pest management (IPM). In particular, we examine its role in mediating plant interactions with conspecific neighboring plants, pests and associated natural enemies. We propose a new IPM tool, plant training for induced defense, which involves inducing plant defense through artificial injury. Experimental evidence from various studies shows that cotton training is a promising technique, particularly for smallholders, which can be used as part of an IPM program to significantly reduce insecticide use and to improve productivity in cotton farming. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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R. K. Mensah 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(2):87-94
The strategy for the control of cotton pests, notably Helicoverpa spp., in Australia is insecticide-dependent with limited consideration of the role of beneficial insects. A programme for the development of an integrated pest management (IPM) approach commenced in cotton fields at Norwood near Moree in New South Wales in 1992. In this approach, an alternative crop, lucerne (Medicago sativa), was used in an interplant system plus spraying of cotton with a supplementary food (Envirofeast®), which served to attract and retain predators in treated plots. The predator complex consisted of predatory beetles, bugs, lacewings and spiders. The deployment of these two components, interplants and predator retention, reduced the number of Helicoverpa spp. eggs, very small and small larvae (first, second and third stages), medium and large larvae (fourth and fifth stages) and resulted in a cotton yield (2.72 bales ha?1) that was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the yield from the untreated control plot (0.59 bales ha -1 ). However, the yield from the interplants and food sprayed plot was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than in the insecticide-managed plot (7.12 bales ha?1). Whenever the ratio of predators to Helicoverpa spp. (pests) per metre row of cotton was S 0.5, Helicoverpa pest numbers were maintained below the economic damage threshold. Though not successful in suppressing Helicoverpa spp. numbers, to avoid significant yield loss, further improvement could be made by introducing other potential components to the IPM strategy. 相似文献
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Carrière Y Ellers-Kirk C Kumar K Heuberger S Whitlow M Antilla L Dennehy TJ Tabashnik BE 《Pest management science》2005,61(4):327-330
The success of the refuge strategy for delaying pest resistance to Bt crops depends on compliance by farmers. However, the accuracy of previous estimates of compliance has been questioned. We have applied a novel approach based on the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) technology to measure compliance with refuge requirements for Bt cotton in six Arizona regions from 1998 to 2003. Although compliance varied among regions, overall compliance was above 88% in five of six years. With the cooperation of farmers, our approach allows precise and economical assessment of compliance with the refuge strategy. 相似文献
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转cry1Ac+cry2Ab基因棉对棉田节肢动物群落的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以Bt棉和常规棉为对照,研究了转cry1Ac+cry2Ab棉对棉田节肢动物群落的影响。研究结果表明,转cry1Ac+cry2Ab棉田、转cry1Ac棉田和常规棉田节肢动物群落、害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落的结构与组成无明显差异;转cry1Ac+cry2Ab棉田刺吸类害虫、蛀食类害虫和食叶类害的数量均低于转cry1Ac棉田和常规棉田;转cry1Ac+cry2Ab棉田蜘蛛类、瓢虫类和捕食类天敌的数量均低于转cry1Ac棉田和常规棉田;转cry1Ac+cry2Ab棉田节肢动物群落、害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落的多样性指数与转cry1Ac棉田和常规棉田相比均无明显差异,说明转cry1Ac+cry2Ab棉田节肢动物群落、害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落的稳定性和转cry1Ac棉和常规棉相比均无明显差异。 相似文献
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Bt作物系统害虫发生演替研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
自1996年以来的20年间,全球商业化种植Bt作物的国家增加到了25个。目前,种植应用的Bt作物主要是Bt棉花和Bt玉米,年种植面积约0.8亿hm2。Bt作物的大面积种植可能会带来害虫发生演替问题,国内外学术界对此高度关注。本文围绕这一核心问题,介绍了国内和国际的研究进展,同时对今后的研究进行了展望。以期为Bt棉花和Bt玉米的持续利用,以及其他Bt作物的推广应用提供经验与借鉴,进一步提升Bt作物在农作物害虫综合治理中的作用和地位。 相似文献