共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 687 毫秒
1.
K. Varikou V. Alexandrakis V. Gika A. Birouraki Ch. Marnelakis Chr. Sergentani 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(1):105-111
Population density of adults of Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) was obtained from olive trees during a two-year study by means of two different methods, namely, knock down by an insecticide applied as a fog (‘sondage’) and trap captures (of yellow sticky panels and McPhail traps baited with ammonium). First it was concluded that yellow sticky panel traps give a poor representation of the olive fruit fly population density of the olive grove. Yellow panel trap captures were significantly lower than McPhail’s (September) and than the actual population of B. oleae as recorded in olive tree canopy (August of 2008). When only McPhail captures were compared to the olive fruit fly population in the tree canopy, B. oleae captures in McPhail traps represented only a small percentage of the population that was recorded in the olive tree canopy (July and August of 2009). It was estimated that traps captured only 0.5% of the flies present within a radius of 20 m in the studied field (which consists of approximately 25 trees). However, during autumn (September), low trap captures of B. oleae can occur even when the fly population in the field is near zero. 相似文献
2.
AbstractSuccessful fruit fly control requires effective monitoring to make pest management decisions. Ceratitis capitata (Medfly) is typically monitored in Tunisia with parapheromone commercialised as trimedlure (TM). Chemical treatment is applied when the economic threshold (3 flies/trap/day) is reached. In this study, C. capitata populations in a commercial citrus orchard captured in McPhail traps baited with TM or enriched ginger oil (EGO) were compared over two seasons (2011 and 2012). Females of C. capitata were not attracted to TM or EGO. Trimedlure was significantly more attractive to C. capitata males than EGO under low and high population densities over sampling dates. The TM used in McPhail traps was adequate to attract male medflies in citrus orchards under a wide range of Medfly population levels. The use of the best attractant can help to make control decisions when population levels of flies are low, thus preventing unnecessary application of insecticides and/or other control methods. 相似文献
3.
The distribution of olive fruit fly captures with McPhail traps within an olive orchard 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The spatial distribution of olive fruit flyBactrocera (Dacus) oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) field captures with McPhail traps within an experimental orchard was evaluated. Contour maps
were constructed to examine the patterns in the 3-year trapping data. Captures varied widely inside the olive orchard, with
traps suspended on wild olive trees exhibiting the poorest performance. Favorable microclimate, created by a standing water
pool, appeared to be responsible for increased trap captures during the hot summer months. The positive role of the olive
tree fruit load is also discussed.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 2, 2003. 相似文献
4.
BACKGROUND: McPhail traps, baited with protein food lure, are used worldwide for surveillance of many species of fruit flies. Queensland fruit fly (Qfly) Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a native Australian fruit fly and normally monitored using Lynfield traps baited with cuelure. On some occasions, McPhail traps with wet food lures are deployed to detect female flies or to find the incursion epicentre. This paper reviews field results on the merits of Lynfield and McPhail traps for detection of male and female Qfly. RESULTS: Following release of equal numbers of sterile males and females, Lynfield traps baited with cuelure captured more Qfly males than protein autolysate or orange concentrate in McPhail traps. Significantly more male than female Qfly were captured in McPhail traps baited with protein autolysate or orange. There was no significant difference between orange concentrate lure and protein autolysate lure in attracting either males or females. Another Australian native fruit fly, Dacus newmani (Perkins), was attracted to cuelure in Lynfield traps but not to either lure in McPhail traps. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained run counter to the reputation of McPhail traps baited with protein autolysate or orange concentrate as a specialist lure/trap combination for female Qfly. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
5.
为有效控制桔小实蝇的危害,通过田间调查桔小实蝇数量动态和杨桃产量损失,研究了杨桃上桔小实蝇的防治指标。结果表明,杨桃产量损失率与桔小实蝇虫口密度、杨桃被害率之间具有显著相关性;建立了第一收获期至第四收获期桔小实蝇虫口密度、杨桃被害率与杨桃产量损失率回归方程。根据防治指标求解模型,将各回归方程系数和求解防治指标参数代入,得到一年四个收获期里不同产量水平下的桔小实蝇的防治指标。当以桔小实蝇虫口密度作为防治指标时,各收获期的防治指标分别为5.6、14.0、19.3和8.8头/瓶;经济允许密度为10.1、19.5、21.7和10.4头/瓶。当以杨桃被害率作为防治指标时,各收获期的防治指标分别为5.3%、8.9%、6.8%和7.5%;经济允许损失率为15.1%、15.3%、12.0%和9.8%。 相似文献
6.
杨桃园桔小实蝇综合防治初报 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9
近年来，随着种植结构的改革，对外交往频繁，广东地区桔小实蝇发生严重，发生量是过去的数倍至数十倍。部分杨桃、番石榴等果树因为害严重而失收。为此我们开展了桔小实蝇发生规律调查、监测和综合防治措施的研究。结果表明：桔小实蝇在广州地区有二个高峰期6月和8月份。通过诱杀去雄，适时喷药，养鸡除虫，套袋、拾烂果等综合防治措施，二年来使三个试验地的虫口密度大幅下降，在2002年7月桔小实蝇为害高峰期，马来西亚大果杨桃为害率为1．7—5．5％，对照区为94％，本地种的小果杨桃为害率为23—35．2％，对照为74．5％，取得了较好的防治效果，初步扭转了杨桃近年来基本失收的局面。 相似文献
7.
Control of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), by pheromone-mediated mating disruption, was studied in Israel using two types of dispensers:
Shin-Etsu twist-tie (normal and long-life) and TNO matrix formulation (square wafers). Factors affecting mating disruption:
initial pest population density, timing of the pheromone application, early season insecticide treatments and monitoring of
the pest, were evaluated. Efficacy of mating disruption was assessed by comparing catch of males in pheromone traps located
in pheromone-treated and chemically sprayed control plots. Fruit infestation during the season and at picking time was the
major criterion to assess mating disruption. The preferred time for pheromone application was before the first flight of the
moth. When pheromones were applied at a later stage, one or two early insecticide sprays had to be used to reduce the initial
level of the codling moth population. In all tests, trap catch in pheromone-treated plots was drastically reduced as compared
with respective control plots. In pheromone-treated plots where total seasonal trap catch (after pheromone application) was
less than 12 males/trap, fruit infestation was less than 1.5%; zero trap catch resulted in 0.1-0.3% infestation. At high population
levels, mating disruption was ineffective, with the rate of infestation at picking-time being similar in pheromone-treated
and control plots. All the field tests indicated that mating disruption with either Shin-Etsu ropes or TNO squares can control
codling moth infestations in apple and pear orchards, at relatively low densities of the pest, as efficiently as commercial
insecticide sprays. 相似文献
8.
比较了4种不同诱杀剂?4种诱捕器及9种常见组合对橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的防治效果, 为橘小实蝇田间防控优化提供参考?试验结果表明:1)诱杀剂聪绿处理区成虫总数和果实受害率最低, 成本低廉, 可用于桃园橘小实蝇防控?迷饵?诱尔和康碧可显著降低橘小实蝇发生数量, 可根据发生区实际情况选择或改进使用?4种诱杀剂对雌性比的影响与空白对照间无显著差异?2)甲基丁香酚油剂与诱捕器组合中, 推荐常规诱捕器和新蛾类通用诱捕器分别用于监测和防治工作, 不建议采用迷你型实蝇诱捕器+矿泉水瓶或新型飞蛾诱捕器进行监测和防治?3)常规诱捕器+甲基丁香酚油剂?专用诱捕器+食物诱杀颗粒剂?黄板2和黄球4种组合分别在各自类组中表现较好, 可根据实际生产需要选择使用? 相似文献
9.
Skouras PJ Margaritopoulos JT Seraphides NA Ioannides IM Kakani EG Mathiopoulos KD Tsitsipis JA 《Pest management science》2007,63(1):42-48
The olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the most important pest of olives in countries around the Mediterranean basin. Its control has been based mostly on bait sprays with organophosphate insecticides (usually dimethoate or fenthion) for about 40 years. In the present study, the resistance status of olive fruit fly populations to dimethoate was examined in Greece and Cyprus over 2 years. Thirty-one populations from various regions of Greece, nine from Cyprus and one laboratory susceptible strain, which served as a control, were assayed by topical application of dimethoate. Considerable variation in the resistance levels to dimethoate was recorded in the populations of B. oleae, with resistance ratios ranging from 6.3 to 64.4 (ED(50) values 12.5-128.7 ng dimethoate per insect). The highest resistance ratios were found in populations from Crete, and the lowest in those from Cyprus. This variation could be attributed to different selection pressures from insecticidal applications among populations from the various regions. Migration of resistant genotypes, either autonomous or via commerce, may also be involved. 相似文献
10.
Lynda Medjkouh Anabela Costa Abderezak Tamendjari Farid Bekdouche Khalida Bouarroudj M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira 《Phytoparasitica》2018,46(5):595-605
The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is the major olive pest in the Mediterranean Basin, being responsible for high losses in olive production. The objective of this work was to study the influence of B. oleae infestation on the pomological parameters and nutritive value (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and ash) of eight olive cultivars (Abani, Aellah, Blanquette de Guelma, Chemlal, Ferkani, Limli, Rougette de Mitidja and Souidi) from Algeria. The results displayed different degrees of susceptibility of the studied cultivars to this pest. Fruit size (weight) and the Fruit weight / stone weight ratio are significantly correlated with the attack. The statistical treatment of the results (PCA and HAC) highlighted different behaviors from the cultivars, concerning the attack. There are some cultivars more susceptible, being the nutritional value also affected. The lipid and protein contents were positively correlated with the attack and the carbohydrates negatively, suggesting a careful choice by the B. oleae. Ovipositional preference of olive fruit fly females and the success of larval development in different olive cultivars are crucial to establishing new approaches in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) against this pest. 相似文献
11.
Margaritopoulos JT Skavdis G Kalogiannis N Nikou D Morou E Skouras PJ Tsitsipis JA Vontas J 《Pest management science》2008,64(9):900-908
BACKGROUND: The most important pest of olive orchards worldwide is the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin). Its control in Greece has been based on organophosphates (OPs), but their intense use has led to the development of resistance. A test previously developed to monitor the trait may not be as robust as originally thought. The pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin has recently been registered for bait sprays, as an alternative to OPs. RESULTS: The susceptibility of 20 B. oleae populations to alpha-cypermethrin was examined. Variation was observed in their response, with LD(50) ranging from 0.14 to 3.28 ng insect(-1) and resistance factors from 2.3 to 54.7. Resistance mechanisms were investigated. Cytochrome P450 monoxygenase activities showed an association with resistance. Sequences in the domain IIS4-IIS6 of the B. oleae para-type sodium channel were also analysed, but no resistance-associated mutations were identified. Finally, a novel diagnostic assay able to reliably monitor the frequency of the iAChE G488S resistance mutation was developed. CONCLUSION: This is the first attempt to evaluate the efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin against B. oleae from Greece. Data showed that it can be used effectively, but also highlighted the importance of continuous monitoring. The IIS4-IIS6 sodium channel region is the default area in which to look for resistance mutations if target-site resistance to pyrethroids arises. The application of the novel iAChE molecular diagnostic may facilitate the introduction of pyrethroids alongside OPs currently in use. 相似文献
12.
引诱剂在综合防治桔小实蝇作用中的评估 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
以使用引诱剂为主 ,坚持在杨桃园挂引诱笼 2 - 3年后 ,大量降低田间桔小实蝇BactroceradorsalisHendel雄虫数量和卵的受精率 ,配合其它的综防措施 ,防效逐年提高。三个综防点试验实践表明 :杨桃每果虫口数 ,卵孵化率及受害果率大大降低 ,防效达 92 5%。对桔小实蝇的防治初见成效。 相似文献
13.
J.E. CRANHAM 《EPPO Bulletin》1980,10(2):105-107
In England, codling moth is univoltine in most years and two, or even one, spray application will usually maintain the pest at very low levels. In the hot summers of 1975- 1976, moth numbers and the potential for damage to the fruit increased markedly. Many factors influence the numbers of moths caught in pheromone traps, and the relationship between trap catches and subsequent fruit damage has been very variable between orchards and between seasons. Nevertheless, the traps are reliable indicators of where sprays can be safely omitted and, alternatively, where a full spray programme is required. The effect of applying no sprays when catches remain below a threshold of five moths per trap per week is being widely tested. The rate of development of the first flight period varies markedly between orchards in a locality. Problems in the use of trap records to determine spray timing in individual orchards will be discussed. En Angleterre, le carpocapse est le plus souvent univoltin et deux traitements, ou même un seul, suffisent à le maintenir a un niveau de population très bas. Durant les étés chauds de 1975 et 1976, le nombre de carpocapses a été beaucoup plus eleve, ce qui a considerablement augment les risques de dommages aux fruits. De nombreux facteurs determinent le taux de capture dans les pièges à phéromones, ce qui entraine un manque de relation entre les captures et les déglts effectifs d'un verger et d'une saison a I'autre. Néanmoins, le piégeage permet de definir les périodes pendant lesquelles les traitements sont déconseilles ou, au contraire, indispensables. La suppression de tout traitement pour le cas ou les captures ne depasseraient pas un seuil de cinq individus par piege et par semaine est envisageée. L'évolution du premier vol varie largement selon le verger. Ceci entraine des problemes d'extrapolation des résultats du piégeage pour la programmation des traitements. 相似文献
14.
Evdoxia G Kakani Nikos E Zygouridis Konstantina T Tsoumani Nicos Seraphides Frank G Zalom Kostas D Mathiopoulos 《Pest management science》2010,66(4):447-453
BACKGROUND: Among target pests of the insecticide spinosad is the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae). In Cyprus, spinosad has been sporadically used since its registration in 2002, whereas in Greece its use has been very limited since its registration in 2004, particularly in biological olive cultivars in Crete. By contrast, in California it has been the only insecticide used against the olive fruit fly since its registration in 2004. This study aimed at examining the resistance status of the olive fruit fly to spinosad. RESULTS: Populations from California, Greece and Cyprus, plus a laboratory population, were tested. Bioassays were performed by oral or topical application of different concentrations of the insecticide. Cypriot populations demonstrated no resistance as compared with that of the laboratory population. Among the Greek populations, only one from Crete demonstrated a fourfold increase in resistance, whereas five populations from California demonstrated a 9–13‐fold increase. CONCLUSION: The observed resistance increase was associated with spinosad applications in the respective areas. These values are relatively low and do not yet pose a serious control problem in the field. However, the observed variation documents that spinosad tolerance has increased in areas where the insecticide has been more extensively used. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
15.
Grant T McQuate Roy T Cunningham Steven L Peck Paul H Moore 《Pest management science》1999,55(5):574-576
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a tephritid fruit fly that is a serious pest of a wide range of tropical fruits. Populations of oriental and other fruit fly species are often suppressed by utilizing aerial or ground sprays of hydrolysed protein bait mixed with malathion. Although proven to be efficacious, spraying food bait mixed with malathion in urban areas is strongly opposed by the public because of perceived public health and environmental risks. To suppress the population level of oriental fruit fly in a guava orchard in Hawaii, we used the light-activated xanthene dye, phloxine B (2′,4′,5′,7′ -tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachlorofluorescein, disodium salt), as an alternative to malathion in protein bait sprays. Because phloxine B must be ingested to be toxic, it is expected that phloxine B bait sprays will have less impact on non-target insects than the contact insecticide malathion. Evidence of suppression of oriental fruit fly population in the treatment orchard was provided by both protein bait trap catches and assessment of fruit infestation. This suppression was achieved even though there was an unsprayed guava orchard on two sides of the small (less than 2.0 ha) sprayed orchard. These results, combined with results for other fruit fly species (presented elsewhere), indicate that phloxine B-protein bait sprays can be effective in suppressing populations of several different fruit fly species and that phloxine B is a potential replacement for malathion in bait sprays for tephritid fruit fly suppression/eradication programs. 相似文献
16.
Vicente Navarro‐Llopis Javier Domínguez‐Ruiz Manuel Zarzo Cristina Alfaro Jaime Primo 《Pest management science》2010,66(5):511-519
BACKGROUND: The chemosterilisation technique has been demonstrated to reduce the population and fruit damage of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in citrus orchards. Field trials showed efficacy by reducing the fruit fly population, which was progressively achieved by continuous application of lufenuron to several generations. Different authors have suggested that field trials should be carried out in isolated or wide areas in order to reduce fruit fly intrusion and obtain best results. To this end, a wide‐area trial over 3600 hectares has been under investigation in Valencia (Spain) since 2002 to validate the chemosterilisation technique against the fruit fly. The whole area was treated with 24 traps ha?1, using more than 86 000 traps in the field trial. RESULTS: A continuous decrease in fruit fly population was observed over the 4 years under trial. Moreover, results showed a significant reduction in persimmon damage in the chemosterilant treatment area compared with a malathion aerial treatment area. In the case of citrus damage, no significant differences were obtained between malathion and chemosterilant treatments. CONCLUSION: The chemosterilant method reduces Mediterranean fruit fly populations, and therefore it is a candidate treatment to replace aerial treatments with insecticides in order to suppress this pest. In addition, the efficacy of chemosterilant treatment is increasing year after year. The possibility of using this technique combined with other control methods is discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
17.
Esmat M. Hegazi Maria A. Konstantopoulou Wedad E. Khafagi Fredrik Schlyter Annette Herz Dimitris G. Raptopoulos Sherif Hassan Atwa Atwa 《Phytoparasitica》2012,40(5):451-459
Jasmine moth (JM), Palpita unionalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a very important pest in the commercial, densely planted olive orchards in Egypt. In years of its highest population density, it can destroy a significant part of the crop. The objectives of this study were to determine the male flight trend and egg laying trend of the JM in three large plots of different olive varieties (two varieties/plot) in two successive fruiting seasons. Differences in male flight trend and egg laying trend of JM were observed among the different varieties (??Sennara??, ??Toffahi??, ??Shamy??). In 2003, more males were captured in traps placed in the Sennara/Toffahi plot than in the two Shamy/Toffahi plots. Egg densities were higher on Toffahi trees grown between Sennara trees than on Toffahi trees grown between Shamy ones. In 2004, in the plot where Toffahi and Sennara were grown together, JM females laid more eggs than in the olive plot where Toffahi rows alternated with Shamy rows. The results suggest that the Shamy variety discouraged gravid females from ovipositing, compared with Toffahi or Sennara varieties. In conclusion, olive variety, cropping system (mixed culture) and trapping season are among those characteristics that affect this pest. 相似文献
18.
Abundance and diversity of arthropods were compared in olive trees treated against the olive fruit fly with spinosad bait sprays and an untreated control, paying special attention to predators and parasitoids. Spinosad bait sprays did not reduce the abundance and diversity of arthropods as a whole in the canopy. However, principal response curve analysis revealed a significant deleterious effect of the treatments on natural enemies in the last of the three years of study. The most affected taxa were Anthocoridae (especially Orius spp.) and Aphelinidae. 相似文献
19.
G. HANIOTAKIS 《EPPO Bulletin》1986,16(2):395-402
The efficacy of mass trapping for the control of olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae was tested in seven different experiments conducted from 1980 to 1984. Sticky or insecticide traps baited with pheromones combined with food and/or colour attractants were used. Results showed that crop protection can be achieved by mass trapping only in cases where insect movement into the protected orchard from the surrounding area is excluded. Sticky traps can be effective in cases of low pest population densities if they are renewed at regular intervals to ensure high efficiency of the sticky surface. Insecticide-treated traps with appropriate attractant and insecticide concentrations to secure a full active life of a complete year can replace sticky traps with considerable reduction of cost and increase of effectiveness. In addition they can be used in a continuous mass-trapping system. Such a system would be operational throughout the year and is expected to be more effective than trapping during part of the year only. Experiments along this line are in progress during 1984. 相似文献
20.
C. Mota‐Capitão A. P. Ramos J. Neves‐Martins L. Guerra‐Guimarães V. Várzea M. C. Silva S. Sreenivasaprasad H. Oliveira 《Plant pathology》2011,60(3):483-495
Anthracnose is an important disease affecting mature olive fruits, causing significant yield losses, and poor fruit and oil quality. In Portugal, high anthracnose incidence was recorded during 2003–2007 with 41% of 908 orchards surveyed displaying disease symptoms. In another 14% of the orchards, the pathogen was recorded in symptomless plants. Disease severity was on average 36%, frequently reaching 100%. In Portugal, anthracnose is endemic to neglected orchards of susceptible cultivars, but under favourable conditions it can also severely affect less susceptible cultivars. Pathogens were genetically heterogeneous, with Colletotrichum acutatum genetic group A2 as the most frequent (80%), followed by group A4 (12%) and group A5 along with C. gloeosporioides (3–4%), while groups A3 and A6 of C. acutatum were sporadic. Important geographic variations were observed in the frequencies of these populations, accompanied by year‐to‐year populational shifts. Epidemiology and histopathology studies showed the presence of the pathogens on vegetative organs year‐round, particularly on olive leaves and branches, and on weeds. These represent inoculum reservoirs where secondary conidiation occurs, and conidia are then dispersed by spring rains reaching flowers and young fruits or by autumn rains reaching pre‐mature fruits. Unripe fruits were colonized without showing symptoms up to penetration of the cuticle, but further colonization and symptom production was completed only as fruits matured. These findings challenge current control practices, particularly the timing of fungicide treatment, and contribute to improved disease management. 相似文献