共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The pink hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a major pest of economically important crops. The apefly Spalgis epius (Westwood) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is a potential predator of various species of mealybugs. Studies of its preying potential
and preference for prey stages on M. hirsutus are incomplete. An investigation was undertaken to determine the daily prey consumption and preference for prey stages by
different larval instars of S. epius reared on M. hirsutus in the laboratory. During the 8-day larval development period with four larval instars of S. epius, the daily prey consumption increased from the first to the seventh day and decreased on the eighth day prior to the prepupal
stage. Generally, there was a significant difference in the prey consumption on different days. The 1st to 4th instar larvae
of S. epius consumed, respectively, a mean of 181.3, 679.1, 1770.4 and 4333.0 eggs or 19.1, 67.7, 153.0 and 639.0 nymphs or 2.72, 6.26,
13.8 and 32.1 adults of M. hirsutus. When an S. epius larva was fed on M. hirsutus eggs, nymphs and adults separately, it consumed a mean of 6952.6 eggs, 878.8 nymphs or 53.9 adults during its entire development.
A single larva of S. epius consumed 2358.3 eggs, 151.2 nymphs and 34.3 adults of M. hirsutus during its entire development when the prey stages were offered all together. The study revealed that S. epius is a voracious predator of M. hirsutus and thus could be utilized as a potential biological control agent. 相似文献
2.
The fitness cost of spinosad resistance was investigated in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare relative fitness of H. armigera between the spinosad-susceptible and -resistant strains. During the experiments, the average development periods of the resistant
strain were lengthened by 4–5 days, reflected in a prolongation of egg, larval and pupal periods. Furthermore, pupal survival,
pupal weight, the mean life span of emerged adults, eggs laid and hatched decreased greatly in the resistant strain in comparison
with the susceptible strain. Other life-cycle parameters such as larval survival, larval wet weights, prepupal periods, pupation
ratio, and sex ratio did not change significantly. As a result, both net replacement rate (R
0) and intrinsic rate of increase (r
m) were reduced for the resistant strain. Our results clearly indicated that relative fitness of resistant individuals was
reduced in the absence of spinosad. Rational measures including pesticide rotations should be expected to delay development
of resistance to spinosad in H. armigera field populations from China. 相似文献
3.
Waqas Wakil M. Usman Ghazanfar Tahira Riasat Mirza Abdul Qayyum Sohail Ahmed Muhammad Yasin 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(2):221-234
A local isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and chlorantraniliprole were assessed against six field populations of tomato fruitworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in a series of laboratory bioassays. Two dose rates of B. thuringiensis (0.5, 1 μg g?1), one of both M. anisopliae (1.3?×?106 conidia ml?1) and chlorantraniliprole (0.01 ppm) were applied alone and in combination with each other against 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th larval instars. The mortality was observed every 24 h until pupation. The bioassays were carried out at 25°C and 75% r.h. The highest mortality was observed in Rawalpindi with the lowest pupation rate by applying the combined concentrations of B. thuringiensis and chlorantraniliprole. The lowest mortality was observed in population from Gujranwala among all the tested populations. The antagonistic interaction was noted where the high dose rate of B. thuringiensis was combined with M. anisopliae; however, the remaining interactions enhanced the mortality and reduced the percent pupation. The overall results demonstrated that all the treatments gave significant control of the larval instars of H. armigera. The population from Gujranwala proved least susceptible whereas the one from Rawalpindi was highly susceptible. 相似文献
4.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the prey stage preference and the daily consumption of each stage of the
coccinellid predatorStethorus punctillum Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on the two-spotted spider miteTetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Groups of different life stages of the prey were offered (eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults).
The prey preference varied with the stage ofS. punctillum. First larval instars had no significant preference among theT. urticae stages offered. Second larval instars consumed significantly more spider mite larvae in comparison with nymphs. In contrast,
third larval instars indicated a strong preference for mite eggs. Significantly fewerT. urticae larvae were consumed by the fourth larval instars ofS. punctillum, in comparison with the three other mite stages. Finally, adult predators consumed significantly more mite eggs than the
other stages offered. This preferential trend was similar for all adults tested, whether during the pre-oviposition or the
oviposition period.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 17, 2004. 相似文献
5.
The predation rates of a recently collected population of the mirid Macrolophus pygmaeus versus one continuously bred in the laboratory, reared under the same conditions for three generations, were compared in
24-h choice experiments using first to fourth instar nymphs of the aphid Myzus persicae on aubergine and sweet pepper. On aubergine, the mean wet weights for first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs of M. persicae were 46%, 36%, 8% and 14% greater, respectively, compared with aphids on pepper. Adult females from a recently collected
field population of M. pygmaeus (MpK) consumed more second and third instars compared with first and fourth instars on aubergine and pepper (79% and 88%
of biomass consumed, respectively). M. pygmaeus females (MpV) from a population maintained in the laboratory for more than 15 years consumed more first and second instar
nymphs on aubergine. On pepper, consumption by MpV females was relatively constant between instars and unlike other combinations,
where third instars contributed the greatest amount of biomass consumed (43–60%), fourth instars contributed the most biomass
consumed (51%). The total aphid biomass consumed by the MpK population was twofold greater on pepper and 4.7-fold greater
on aubergine when compared with the MpV population. The MpK population consumed more aphid biomass on aubergine compared with
pepper while the reverse was the case for the MpV population. Such intraspecific differences may have a significant influence
on their efficacy as predators in biological control systems. 相似文献
6.
We determined the effects of petroleum spray oil (PSO) (Caltex Canopy®) on oviposition responses of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner adults, and larval survival of the pest moths on cotton and maize plants in the laboratory. Application of 2% (v/v) of the PSO deterred H. armigera oviposition. Increasing the rate from 2 to 5% (v/v) did not significantly reduce the number of eggs laid by H. armigera on the treated plants. In contrast, the minimum rate at which the oil could deter oviposition of O. nubilalis on maize plants was 5% (v/v). Increasing the rate from 5 to 10% (v/v) did not significantly reduce the number of eggs laid per plant. However, a reduction in the rate of the PSO from 5 to 3% (v/v) resulted in a 73.9% increase in oviposition activity on the maize plants. In wind tunnel bioassay tests, all mated H. armigera females tested could detect and settle on plants treated with water but with plants treated with PSO at various times, only 50% of tested females settled on the plants 4?–?5 days after treatment (DAT) and none on the plants 0?–?2 DAT. A solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) test to determine the effect of the PSO on volatiles released by the cotton plants showed that the quantity of volatiles released by the cotton plants treated with PSO was lower than for water treated plants. This indicates that the PSO sprays may be suppressing or masking the leaf surface volatiles of the cotton plants, thereby deterring oviposition of H. armigera. Larval survival data show that PSO sprays can cause direct mortality of first, second and third instar O. nubilalis larvae. PSOs may have the potential to be integrated into pest management programme targeting H. armigera and O. nubilalis on cotton and maize crops, respectively. 相似文献
7.
用点滴法测定了 13种杀虫剂对中华草蛉 (Chrysopa sinia (Jieder) )幼虫的毒力 ,按敏感性由高至低依次为 :久效磷、氯氟氰菊酯、灭多威、丙溴磷、辛硫磷 >氧乐果、甲基对硫磷、甲基毒死蜱 >硫丙磷 >抑太保 >氰戊菊酯 >阿维菌素及硫丹。同时测定了多种药剂对棉铃虫 (H elicoverp a armigera Hübner)、棉蚜 (Aphis gossyp ii Glover)的毒力 ,证明多数有机磷杀虫剂及灭多威为非选择性药剂 ;具有选择性的药剂中 ,硫丹选择性最高 ,其次为氰戊菊酯。氯氟氰菊酯对中华草蛉与棉铃虫表现出一定程度的选择性 ,但对中华草蛉与棉蚜则表现为非选择性 ;随棉蚜抗药性提高 ,各药剂选择性降低。 相似文献
8.
为明确田间使用多杀霉素亚致死浓度对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera幼虫的影响,用含多杀霉素亚致死浓度LC25的人工饲料持续饲喂棉铃虫3龄幼虫,并对饲喂后其体重、取食量、累计蛹化率、蛹发育历期和蛹重等生长发育及脂肪体内甘油三脂（triglyceride,TG）含量和相关基因SREBP、FAS和HSL表达情况进行测定。结果表明,多杀霉素对棉铃虫的亚致死浓度LC25为0.21 mg/kg;多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理4~6 d后,棉铃虫3龄幼虫体重分别为0.065、0.263和0.329 g,较对照显著降低;处理6 d后,其取食量为0.082 g,较对照显著降低;处理4~7 d后,其累计化蛹率分别为60.90%、63.20%、65.50%和65.50%,较对照显著降低。多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理后,棉铃虫蛹发育历期由对照9.89 d显著延长至10.74 d,单头蛹重为0.274 g,显著低于对照的0.324 g;其脂肪体TG含量较对照显著降低。多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理24~72 h后,参与脂肪酸合成信号通路中重要基因SREBP和FAS的相对表达量较对照均显著下调,而参与脂肪代谢的重要基因HSL则较对照显著上调。 相似文献
9.
BACKGROUND
Helicoverpa armigera is a major pest of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). Efforts to develop pigeonpea varieties resistant to H. armigera attack have been met with limited success, despite reports of high levels of resistance to H. armigera in wild relatives of pigeonpea and reports of low to moderate levels of resistance in cultivated varieties. Here we examined H. armigera oviposition preference and larval performance on whole plants of three cultivars of short-duration pigeonpea: a susceptible control (ICPL 87) and two cultivars with purported host–plant resistance (ICPL 86012 and ICPL 88039).RESULTS
In our no-choice oviposition experiment, H. armigera laid similar numbers of eggs on all three cultivars tested, but under choice conditions moths laid slightly more eggs on ICPL 88039. Larval growth and development were affected by cultivar, and larvae grew to the largest size (weight) and developed fastest on ICPL 86012. Moths laid most of their eggs on floral structures, sites where subsequent early instar larvae overwhelmingly fed. Experimentally placing neonate larvae at different locations on plants demonstrated that larvae placed on flowers experienced greater survival, faster development, and greater weight gain than those placed on leaves. The type and density of trichomes (a potential resistance trait) differed among cultivars and plant structures, but larvae selected to feed at sites where trichomes were absent.CONCLUSION
Future work examining host–plant resistance against H. armigera should incorporate the behavioural preference of moths and larvae in experiments using whole plants as opposed to bioassays of excised plant parts in Petri dishes. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献10.
为明确二化螟幼虫群集密度对种群增长的影响,在室内用人工饲料饲养比较了不同幼虫密度对二化螟生长发育的影响。结果表明,高幼虫密度800头/盒胁迫下,二化螟雌、雄幼虫和蛹的发育更快,其幼虫+蛹历期分别比低密度100头/盒处理要快8.0 d和6.0 d;化蛹率和羽化率较100头/盒处理分别显著下降了25.7和25.0个百分点,且雌、雄蛹重分别减少了9.4 mg和4.8 mg;但对二化螟成虫性比、寿命、产卵量和卵孵化率无显著影响。低密度100头/盒处理下二化螟幼虫发育最好,其种群增长指数为56.9,化蛹率达61.4%,羽化率达57.7%,雌、雄蛹重分别为58.3 mg和43.0 mg,但其幼虫+蛹历期较长,雌虫为58.5 d,雄虫为53.9 d。高密度800头/盒胁迫下二化螟幼虫发育最差,其种群增长指数仅为24.1,化蛹率仅为35.7%,羽化率为32.7%,雌、雄蛹重分别为48.9 mg和38.2 mg,但其幼虫+蛹历期较短,雌虫为50.5 d,雄虫为47.9 d。表明在恒定的空间和有限的食物中,幼虫密度过大会导致种内竞争加剧,使得幼虫可能倾向以更快的速度化蛹,确保其存活率以更好地繁殖后代。 相似文献
11.
为探索棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera液泡型ATP酶(vacuolar-type proton ATPase,V-ATP酶)亚基A对棉铃虫生长发育的影响及其在Bt杀虫机制中的作用,采用PCR结合RACE技术克隆了棉铃虫V-ATP酶亚基A基因序列,通过实时荧光定量PCR技术测定了其在棉铃虫不同发育历期和幼虫肠道不同组织中的表达量;并比较了4龄幼虫取食含Cry1Ac蛋白饲料后中肠中该基因表达量的变化。结果显示,棉铃虫V-ATP酶亚基A基因全长2 578 bp(Gen Bank登录号KP090287),开放阅读框1 863 bp,编码621个氨基酸。V-ATP酶亚基A高度保守,不同物种间氨基酸序列同源性大于90%。V-ATP酶亚基A在棉铃虫整个生育期都有表达,在4龄幼虫体内表达量最高,是卵期的3.00倍;在幼虫肠道不同组织中,中肠中表达量最高,是后肠中的2.65倍。4龄棉铃虫幼虫取食含Cry1Ac蛋白的人工饲料后,中肠V-ATP酶亚基A的表达受到抑制,表达量为对照的0.39~0.81倍。表明V-ATP酶亚基A基因可能参与棉铃虫的生长发育和代谢过程,并可能与抵御Cry1Ac的毒杀作用有一定关系。 相似文献
12.
Sedigheh Darvishzadeh 《国际虫害防治杂志》2016,62(3):245-250
The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae) is an important pest of indoor and outdoor cucumber crops in Iran. We studied the life history performance of A. gossypii on seven cucumber cultivars (Negin, Pierro, Davos II, Royal safa, Dominus (Ps), Super pretty and TN-94-203) at 27 ± 1 ºC, 50% ± 10% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. The developmental time for the nymphal stages ranged from 4.27 days on Pierro to 4.47 days on Negin, but differences among cultivars were not statistically significant. The lowest and highest survival rates for immature stages were 68.33% and 95% on Royal safa and TN-94-203, respectively. The total fecundity of A. gossypii significantly differed among cultivars, being the highest on Pierro (44.66 nymphs/female) and the lowest on Dominus (Ps) (69.89 nymphs/female). The lowest intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was obtained on Negin, and the highest on Super pretty. The generation time (T) was shortest on Pierro (7.41 days) and longest on Negin (8.32 days). According to our results, Super pretty and Negin were partially susceptible and resistant to A. gossypii, respectively. The findings of this study provide direction to design a more comprehensive integrated pest management program for this pest. 相似文献
13.
Marked changes in the relative toxicity of topically-applied abamectin were found between larval instars of Spodoptera littoralis, toxicity decreasing up to the fifth instar but increasing over 500-fold (at LD50 level) in the sixth instar. By contrast, the toxicity of abamectin remained constant from fifth to sixth instar Heliothis armigera and there was an increase in the toxicity of two chemically unrelated insecticides, malathion (4-fold) and lambda-cyhalothrin (2.5-fold), from fifth to sixth instar S. littoralis. Prior topical application or injection of the microsomal oxidase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PB) increased the toxicity of abamectin (6–8 and 16-fold respectively) against fifth instar S. littoralis, while topically-applied PB increased the proportion of radioactivity present as abamectin in the ventral nerve cord of this instar following topical application with [3H]abamectin. Topically-applied PB also enhanced the toxicity of abamectin against third (4-fold) and fourth instar (5-fold) S. littoralis but had no significant effect on sixth instar S. littoralis, fifth instar H. armigera, or on the toxicity of malathion and lambda-cyhalothrin against fifth instar S. littoralis. Topical application of the esterase inhibitor, S,S,S-tributyl phosphorothioate (DEF) significantly increased the toxicity of abamectin at the LD50 level (3-fold) against fifth instar S. littoralis. The toxicity of injected abamectin against fifth instar S. littoralis was greater (20-fold) than with topical application but injected abamectin was less toxic (2-fold) against sixth instar S. littoralis and had no significant effect on fifth instar H. armigera. It is suggested that differential toxicity of abamectin is due in part to greater metabolism and reduced penetration in fifth instar S. littoralis than in sixth instar S. littoralis or fifth instar H. armigera. 相似文献
14.
为了解甘肃省河西走廊棉区5种常见害虫的田间种群消长动态,明确防治适期并提出以植物源药剂为主的棉花害虫绿色防控技术,于甘肃省敦煌市和瓜州县棉田连续3年采用人工调查和性诱剂诱捕器监测棉蚜Aphis gossypii、棉叶螨、棉蓟马Thrips tabaci、烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci及棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera的发生动态,同时开展以植物源农药为主的不同类型杀虫剂的田间药效筛选试验,建立科学防控用药技术流程。结果表明,棉蚜全年有6月中旬和7月中下旬2个发生高峰期,建议防治适期为7月上中旬;棉叶螨全年有7月上旬和7月下旬（2017年除外）2个发生高峰期,建议防治适期为6月下旬和7月中旬;烟粉虱全年只有8月中旬至9月中下旬1个高峰期,建议防治适期为8月上中旬;棉蓟马全年只有7月上旬至8月上旬1个高峰期,建议防治适期为7月上旬;棉铃虫1年发生3代,幼虫在7月下旬、9月上旬和9月中旬各有1个发生高峰期,成虫在7月上中旬、8月中下旬和9月中旬各有1个高峰期,建议防治适期应为7月上旬。软皂水剂、藜芦碱、苦参碱、啶虫脒和吡虫啉可用于防控棉蚜,药后14 d防效达76.93%~91.25%;藜芦碱、苦参碱、矿物油、软皂水剂、松油、阿维菌素、阿维·哒螨灵、螺螨酯和硅藻土+有机硅助剂可用于防控棉叶螨,药后10 d防效达72.39%~92.81%;软皂水剂、藜芦碱、印楝素、硅藻土+有机硅助剂、阿维菌素和噻虫嗪可用于防控烟粉虱,药后7 d防效达65.84%~84.29%;除虫菊素、苦参碱、多杀霉素、噻虫嗪和吡虫啉可用于防控棉蓟马,药后14 d防效达72.92%~90.93%。表明在该地区棉田主要害虫防治适期,建立以植物源农药替代传统化学药剂的防控技术,可用于我国河西走廊棉区棉花害虫的绿色防控。 相似文献
15.
G. J. Stathas 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2001,74(5):113-116
Morphological characteristics of immature developmental stages of Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Col.: Coccinellidae), predator of scale insects of the family Diaspididae (Homoptera), are described. Data about the morphology of eggs, the four larval instars, and the pupa is presented. Larval instars are described in more detail: size of head capsule, length of tibia, distribution of dorsal and lateral setae of abdomen segments for each larval instar is reported. Distribution of spiracles is also given. Study on the biology concerns the influence of prey on the duration of instar periods. The diaspidids Aspidiotus nerii and Aonidiella aurantii were used as food. The mean duration of the developmental period from egg to adult was 27.1 days, and no mortality was observed (0%) when A. nerii was used as prey. The respective numbers when the prey was A. aurantii were 48.8 days and 84%. 相似文献
16.
G. J. Stathas 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2001,45(4):113-116
Morphological characteristics of immature developmental stages of Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Col.: Coccinellidae), predator of scale insects of the family Diaspididae (Homoptera), are described. Data about the morphology of eggs, the four larval instars, and the pupa is presented. Larval instars are described in more detail: size of head capsule, length of tibia, distribution of dorsal and lateral setae of abdomen segments for each larval instar is reported. Distribution of spiracles is also given. Study on the biology concerns the influence of prey on the duration of instar periods. The diaspidids Aspidiotus nerii and Aonidiella aurantii were used as food. The mean duration of the developmental period from egg to adult was 27.1 days, and no mortality was observed (0%) when A. nerii was used as prey. The respective numbers when the prey was A. aurantii were 48.8 days and 84%. 相似文献
17.
Abstract The observations were made on the life history of rhizome fly, Mimegralla coeruleifrons Macquart on turmeric and ginger plants. A female laid from 76 to 150 eggs in the soil under laboratory conditions. The incubation period varied from 2 to 5 days. Three larval instars were observed. The durations of first, second and third instars were 4 to 7, 4 to 8 and 3 to 10 days, respectively. The total larval period ranged from 13 to 25 days. The pupal period lasted for 5 to 15 days, adults from 7 to 24 days, and the total life span from 38 to 62 days. The sex ratio was 1: 1 approximately. The stages are described. A parasite, Trichopria sp was recorded from its pupae. The pupal stage appeared to be responsible for carry over of the pest in planting seed rhizomes from season to another. The peak period of infestation in endemic areas was from mid August to mid October. 相似文献
18.
利用Y-型嗅觉仪研究了中红侧沟茧蜂(Microplitis Mediator Haliday)对Bt玉米、常规玉米、粘虫幼虫和其虫粪及虫害苗挥发物的行为反应,同时研究了Bt玉米对中红侧沟茧蜂发育的影响。结果表明,两种玉米健康植株的挥发物对中红侧沟茧蜂均有引诱作用;中红侧沟茧蜂对两种玉米的健康植株及机械损伤株挥发物之间的选择性无显著差异;相对于Bt玉米,中红侧沟茧蜂更趋向于选择常规玉米的虫伤苗及玉米-粘虫幼虫-虫粪混合物的挥发物。与对照(寄生于取食常规玉米粘虫的中红侧沟茧蜂)相比,寄生于取食Bt玉米粘虫幼虫的中红侧沟茧蜂幼虫历期延长,出茧率、茧重、羽化率、蜂重均有显著降低,茧历期、蜂历期则差异不显著。 相似文献
19.
棉铃虫核多角体病毒的生产方法及其在生物防治中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文是报道棉铃虫Heliothis armigera核多角体病毒(NPV)的生产方法及其在棉田应用的试验研究结果。NPV用棉铃虫幼虫生产。从虫卵接种开始,用人工饲料饲养棉铃虫幼虫,到四龄用病毒感染,六天后收集病死虫,病毒致死率80～85%,单虫含量4～6×10~9PIB。由棉饼粉、粗棉油等配制成诱饵加低剂量西维因作病毒增效剂与NPV混用,显著提高病毒的防治效果。四年田间试验表明,NPV杀虫剂防治棉铃虫的效果相当于或优于常用高效化学农药。1979年开展了大面积飞机微量喷雾PVN杀虫剂的试验,也取得了比较好的防治效果。 相似文献
20.
莱氏野村菌对棉铃虫致病力及田间控制作用初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
莱氏野村菌对棉铃虫幼虫致病力以及田间控制作用的初步研究结果表明,该菌对棉铃虫幼虫有较强的致病力,致病适温２４～２７℃。田间喷施其孢子液,６ｄ后棉铃虫被寄生率平均达２２６％。 相似文献