共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizas,AM)真菌是土壤生态系统中广泛分布的优秀微生物资源,是具有重要经济价值的药用植物。本文基于人工培育条件下对中药材红花(Carthamus tinctorius)分别进行摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)、根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices)和混合菌(G. mosseae,Glomus etunicatum,Glomus microagregatum,Glomus caledonium,Glomus cladoideum和G. intraradices) 3种AM真菌接种处理,并以接种等量灭活菌种作为对照组处理。采用高效液相色谱法测定不同采摘时期红花绒中羟基红花黄色素A和山奈素含量的变化。结果表明:与对照组相比,AM真菌接种处理显著促进了红花生物量的积累,且AM真菌混合接种效果显著高于AM真菌单接种;在次生代谢产物合成方面,AM真菌接种处理以及不同采摘期的红花中羟基红花黄色素A和山奈素的含量差异不显著。表明AM真菌虽能促进红花的生长,但不影响羟基红花黄色素A和山奈素的合成。 相似文献
2.
磷肥种类和施用方式对新疆棉田磷素利用及棉花产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过研究不同磷肥种类和施用方式对新疆棉田棉花磷吸收、产量和土壤磷平衡的影响,明确适合新疆棉田的磷肥种类和施用方式。采用田间试验方法,设置6个处理:不施磷肥(CK)、重过磷酸钙基施(TSP-B)、磷酸一铵基施(MAP-B)、磷酸脲基施(UP-B)、磷酸一铵滴施(MAP-D)、磷酸脲滴施(UP-D),在棉花花蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期分别采集土壤及植物样品,测定土壤有效磷含量、棉花各器官吸磷量和籽棉产量,并计算磷肥利用效率和棉田磷平衡。结果表明:磷酸一铵和磷酸脲处理的土壤有效磷含量、植物吸磷量高于重过磷酸钙处理,并且吐絮期时,滴施处理(MAP-D、UP-D)土壤有效磷含量比基施处理(MAP-B、UP-B)增加了46.34%和105.12%。与不施磷肥和重过磷酸钙处理相比,磷酸一铵和磷酸脲处理的籽棉产量显著提高,且滴施处理略高于基施处理,磷酸一铵滴施处理的籽棉产量相较于不施磷肥和重过磷酸钙处理增加了41.38%和37.82%。磷酸一铵滴施的磷肥当季利用率和农学效率最高,分别为25.44%和19.59 kg·kg~(-1),且棉田磷素盈余最少,为-39.99 kg·hm~(-2)。综上,在新疆棉花种植体系中,磷酸一铵和磷酸脲提高土壤有效磷含量、籽棉产量、磷肥利用率和植物利用土壤磷素的效果优于重过磷酸钙,且滴施略优于基施。 相似文献
3.
丛枝菌根真菌和氮磷钾复合肥对砖瓦场破坏地土壤肥力的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将砖瓦声场采土后破坏的土壤装入盆内,每盆加NPK往复和合肥（10：5：10）0,50μg.g^-1和100μg.g^-1,并接种丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）Gigaspora albida,Gigaspora sp1,Glomus mosseae 109,Glomus versiforme,Scutellospora calospor和Scuteospora verrucosa接种物（孢子和感染菌根的根段）0和20000接种势单位／盆,然后播种三叶草（Trifolium repens).植株生长5个月以后收割并翻压入土壤中、第2年于此土壤中重复一试验。当植株在土壤中完全腐烂后,测定土壤PH值和矿质元素含量,结果表明接种AMF能显著增加植株的干、鲜重及 体内N,P,K,Zn和Cu的含量,及土壤中有铲P,Zn,Cu和总N的含量。Glomus mosseae,Glomus versiforme,Gigaspora albida和Scutellospora calospora比其他菌种更有效。接种和施肥能改变根围土PH值。接种AMF并配和施肥处理的效应比单一接种或施肥效果好,施NPK复合肥也能改善土肥肥力,但降低土训中AMF的孢子数量。 相似文献
4.
钾胁迫条件下AM真菌对烟草生长和叶片保护酶系统的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用盆栽实验研究了缺钾条件下AM真菌对烟草生长和叶片保护酶系统的影响。结果表明。在未接种条件下，缺钾使烟株生长量、生物产量、叶片内叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量、保护酶系统活性显著下降，植株生长发育不良，导致早衰。而接种AM真菌后，明显缓解了缺钾对烟株造成的代谢紊乱，使得烟株生长量和生物产量提高．叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量、保护酶系统活性都有不同程度的提高，有的还明显超过施钾的正常植株。接种效果因菌种不同而异．以等量混合菌种Glomus mosseae和Glomus caledonium表现最好。 相似文献
5.
柠檬酸对石灰性土壤磷的释放效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在盆栽条件下,以不施磷肥和不施柠檬酸为对照(CK1),研究了在不施磷和施磷情况下施用柠檬酸对土壤有效磷、小麦地上部和根部吸磷状况以及生物学产量的影响。结果表明,施用柠檬酸明显降低了土壤pH,增加了土壤中的有效磷的含量;在施用磷肥条件下,随着柠檬酸施用量的增加,土壤pH值逐步降低,土壤有效磷逐步提高,小麦地上部,尤其根部吸磷量增加,生物学产量显著增加。 相似文献
6.
丛枝菌根(AM)与桃树根癌病关系初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对上海市奉贤区桃树果园调查发现,桃树丛枝菌根(AM)的形成与根癌病的发生表现出一定的相互抑制作用。根据不同时间、顺序对桃树苗木人工接种根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobactium tumefaciens)和摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae),结果表明桃树苗木形成AM后可以抑制根癌病的发生,反之苗木感染根癌病后也降低了AM真菌对根的侵染和在根内的扩展,对苗木同时接种Agrobactium tumefaciens和Glomus mossea时,病原菌要优先于AM真菌侵染寄主并形成病害。AM提高了苗木根系内与抗病性相关的过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性。 相似文献
7.
为明确丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌对加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis与本地菌根植物和非菌根植物种间竞争格局的调控作用,采用温室盆栽试验,通过接种摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae(GM)、根内球囊霉G. intraradices(GI)及其混合菌种(GM+GI)3种处理,分析AM真菌对加拿大一枝黄花与本地菌根植物玉米Zea mays和非菌根植物油菜Brassica campestris种间作用的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,接种AM真菌均显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花和玉米的菌根侵染率,菌根侵染率为13.720%～50.015%,且前者的菌根侵染率明显高于后者。单独种植时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌尤其是接种混合菌种显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数和总干重。在加拿大一枝黄花与玉米混合种植时,与单独种植相比,加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数、根长和总干重均较低;同时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌显著提高了玉米的相对竞争强度而对加拿大一枝黄花的相对竞争强度没有显著影响。在加拿大一枝黄花和油菜混合种植时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌则显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数、净光合速率和总干重;同时,接种AM真菌促进了入侵种的竞争优势而抑制了非菌根植物油菜的生长。说明加拿大一枝黄花与本地种的竞争格局受到与之混生物种的菌根依赖性强度以及AM真菌的种类差异影响。 相似文献
8.
不同施肥制度对作物产量及土壤磷钾肥力的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在潮棕壤上进行了19 a的定位试验,研究了不同施肥制度对作物产量和土壤磷钾肥力变化的影响。结果表明,单施氮肥能显著提高玉米产量,施钾肥能显著提高大豆籽实产量,其效果优于磷肥。循环猪圈肥的施用能在一定程度上增加作物的产量,但不能达到显著水平。氮磷钾配合循环猪圈肥不仅能增加作物产量而且有很好的稳产作用。未施磷肥处理,土壤速效磷含量呈迅速下降趋势,随种植时间推移,土壤速效磷含量下降速率趋缓。施用磷肥,土壤速效磷含量均有显著增加。不施钾肥处理加剧了土壤钾素的消耗,土壤速效钾和缓效钾浓度下降明显;氮磷钾肥并施处理基本能维持土壤钾初始水平;同时施用氮磷钾肥和循环堆肥土壤速效钾和缓效钾浓度均有所增加。 相似文献
9.
AM真菌和根结线虫互作对黄瓜生长及生理特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
通过盆栽试验研究了丛枝菌根真菌Arbuscularmycorrhiza（AM）和南方根结线虫Meloidogyneincognita互作对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理特征的影响。结果表明,预先接种地表球囊霉Glomusversi—forme再接种线虫处理的鲜、干重较只接种线虫的处理显著增加;预先接种AM真菌再接种线虫处理的根结线虫病情指数、AM真菌侵染率较只接种线虫的处理明显降低;接种线虫使黄瓜植株的过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）及苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、总酚含量有不同程度提高,其中预先接种根内球囊霉G．intraradices对黄瓜植株起到了较好的保护作用;与对照相比,只接种线虫处理的叶片磷含量降低了25．26％,预先接种AM真菌再接种线虫处理的叶片磷含量较只接种根结线虫的含量高。 相似文献
10.
以1μg/g土的氟乐灵播前土壤处理,棉花出苗后移栽到无氟乐灵的土壤中并接种棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium axysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)。结果表明氟乐灵处理明显降低了棉苗枯萎病的株发病率和病情指数,提高了棉苗对枯萎病的抗病性。氟乐灵处理组棉苗根部和茎部枯萎病菌侵染率均低于对照组,特别是上部茎片段中处理组侵染率降低更为明显。氟乐灵处理组棉苗根部和茎部的菌量明显降低,而且处理组茎部菌量的增长明显滞后于对照。以上结果表明,病菌对氟乐灵处理棉苗根部的侵入和病菌在棉苗体内的纵向扩展及增殖受到了阻抑,因而氟乐灵处理后棉苗对枯萎病菌的抗性表现了抗侵入和抗扩展的特性。试验还证明,氟乐灵处理并接种病菌的棉苗茎部组织中类萜烯醛的含量明显提高;并产生一种能抑制病菌大型分生孢子萌发的真菌毒性物质。这些抑菌物质的产生和积累可能与抗扩展特性有关。 相似文献
11.
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on severity of root rot of bananas caused by Cylindrocladium spathiphylli 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The interaction between four arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus sp., G. proliferum , G. intraradices and G. versiforme , and the root-rot fungus Cylindrocladium spathiphylli , and subsequent effects on growth and phosphorus nutrition of banana ( Musa acuminata , AAA, cv. Grande Naine) were investigated under glasshouse conditions. Overall, root infection by C. spathiphylli reduced the growth of banana plants, but preinoculation with AM fungi significantly attenuated this detrimental effect. Lower disease severity, stimulation of growth and increase of shoot P content were observed for the plants inoculated with one of the four AM fungi. Glomus sp. and G. proliferum induced the largest increase in growth parameters and shoot P content as compared to G. intraradices and G. versiforme , in the presence as well as in the absence of C. spathiphylli . Root damage caused by C. spathiphylli was decreased in the presence of AM fungi, but the inoculation of mycorrhizal plants with C. spathiphylli also decreased the intensity of AM fungal root colonization, indicating a clear interaction between the two organisms. 相似文献
12.
球囊霉属真菌与芽孢杆菌M3-4协同作用降低马铃薯青枯病的发生及其机制初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和根围促生细菌(PGPR)能在一定程度上拮抗土传病原物、提高植物抗病性而降低病害。本研究旨在(1)确定不同AMF与PGPR组合中,菌间相互作用的关系;(2)评价不同AMF与PGPR组合促进马铃薯生长、降低青枯病(Ralstonia solanacearum)危害的效果;(3)初步探索最佳AMF与PGPR组合降低马铃薯青枯病的作用机制。结果表明,与单接种AMF或PGPR相比,一些AMF与PGPR组合能够促进AMF的侵染和PGPR在马铃薯根围的定殖; AMF与PGPR组合能显著促进马铃薯的生长(如株高、茎粗、地上鲜重、地上干重、薯块重),其中以AMF摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae, Gm)与PGPR芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)M3-4菌株组合以及地表球囊霉(G. versiforme, Gv)与 M3-4菌株组合促生效果最好。另外,接种AMF和PGPR的组合不同程度降低了马铃薯青枯病的危害,其中也以Gm与M3-4和Gv与M3-4的组合防治效果最佳,防治效果分别为65.2%和69.5%。并且,后者处理的叶片中超氧化物歧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著高于其他处理,丙二醛含量则显著低于其他处理。实验结果表明,Gm与M3-4以及Gv与M3-4的AMF和PGPR组合能够协同作用大幅促进马铃薯的生长、诱导其防御反应而降低马铃薯青枯病危害。 相似文献
13.
ABSTRACT Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) is an agronomically important pathogen of wheat that is transmitted by the soilborne plasmodiophorid vector Polymyxa graminis. In the laboratory, attempts to generate SBWMV-infected plants are often hampered by poor infectivity of the virus. To analyze the mechanism for virus resistance in wheat cultivars, we developed novel inoculation techniques. A new technique for foliar inoculation of SBWMV was developed that eliminated wound-induced necrosis normally associated with rub inoculating virus to wheat leaves. This new technique is important because we can now uniformly inoculate plants in the laboratory for studies of host resistance mechanisms in the inoculated leaf. Additionally, wheat plants were grown hydroponically in seed germination pouches and their roots were inoculated with SBWMV either by placing P. graminis-infested root material in the pouch or by mechanically inoculating the roots with purified virus. The susceptibility of one SBWMV susceptible and three field resistant wheat cultivars were analyzed following inoculation of plants using these novel inoculation techniques or the conventional inoculation technique of growing plants in P. graminis-infested soil. The results presented in this study suggest that virus resistance in wheat likely functions in the roots to block virus infection. 相似文献
14.
Desert ephemeral plants play an important role in desert ecosystem.Soil water availability is considered as the major restrictive factor limiting the growth of ephemeral plants.Moreover,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM fungi) are widely reported to improve the growth of desert ephemerals.The present study aimed to test the hypothesis of that AM fungi could alleviate drought stress of desert ephemeral Plantago minuta,and AM fungal functions reduced with the improvement of soil water content.A pot experiment was carried out with three levels of soil water contents(4.5%,9.0%,and 15.8%(w/w)),and three AM inoculation treatments(Glomus mosseae,Glomus etunicatum and non-inoculation).The results indicate that mycorrhizal colonization rate decreased with the increase of soil water availability.Inoculation improved plant growth and N,P and K acquisition in both shoots and roots regardless water treatments.When comparing the two fungi,plants inoculated with G.mosseae performed better than those inoculated with G.etunicatum in terms of plant growth and nutrient acquisition.These results showed that ameliorative soil water did not suppress arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal functions in improving growth and nutrient acquisition of desert ephemeral Plantago minuta. 相似文献
15.
Assessing the virulence of four bark beetle-associated bluestain fungi using Norway spruce seedlings
The virulence of two isolates of each of four different bark beetle-associated bluestain fungi was evaluated by wound-inoculating 2- and 4-year-old Norway spruce seedlings. One isolate of Ceratocystis polonica killed 40% of the 2-year-old plants and 20% of the 4-year-old plants, whereas the other fungi ( Ophiostoma piceae , Ophiostoma sp., an unidentified fungus with dark sterile mycelium) and the control treatments (inoculation with sterile agar and unwounded plants) did not kill any plants during the 11-week incubation period. Only C. polonica and the Ophiostoma sp. caused any bluestain of the sapwood. The two C. polonica isolates caused significantly deeper bluestain penetration into the sapwood and longer necrotic lesions on the sapwood surface than all other isolates. The symptoms caused by the other fungi were similar to those on the sterile inoculated control plants. The virulence of the fungal isolates tested in this study agrees largely with results from a previous mass inoculation study using the same isolates inoculated into 40-year-old Norway spruce trees. Thus, inoculation of seedlings seems to be a reliable, inexpensive and convenient bioassay for determining the virulence of bark beetle-associated bluestain fungi. 相似文献
16.
乌鲁木齐城市表层土壤中磷的空间分布及赋存形态 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究表明,乌鲁木齐市城市表层土壤具有明显的富磷特征,空间分布差异性大。各形态磷含量特征为:钙结合态磷>闭蓄还原态磷>有机磷>铁铝结合态磷>可交换态磷。商业区人类活动频繁,人口流动密度大,污染物来源众多,富磷特征尤为明显,总磷、各形态磷、水溶磷含量都较高;工业区的可交换态磷、铁铝结合态磷含量较高;交通密集区的钙磷、有机磷含量较高。乌鲁木齐市表层土壤水溶磷含量远高于上海、南京等湿润区城市。 相似文献
17.
玉米大斑病菌人工接种方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The efficient and accurate method of inoculating Exserohilum turcicum on maize is most important for studying the corn leaf blight. In this study, four approaches including spore suspension spraying, inoculation with grinding infected maize leaves, inoculation liquid inoculum into the leaf whorl and inoculation with inoculated sorghum seeds were compared with natural induction in fields during different growth stages of maize in the greenhouse and field. The results showed that disease incidence of all varieties tested were up to 100% by inoculating with inoculated sorghum seeds during the booting stage (11 to 12 leaf stages). This method will not only guarantee the enough pathogen inocula but also be easy to use, and could be an effective way for disease resistance identification in field and greenhouse. 相似文献
18.
供试玉米品种为‘先玉335’（XY335）,供试菌株为NECC11322(Bacillus subtilis)枯草芽胞杆菌、NECC11324(B. megaterium)巨大芽胞杆菌。试验设4组处理：Con（无菌水浸种,干旱胁迫）,C1（无菌水浸种,正常供水）,C2（NECC11322菌液浸种,干旱胁迫）,C3（NECC11324菌液浸种,干旱胁迫）,测定了浸种后盆栽玉米幼苗的生长状况、抗性生理指标及植株的N、P、K含量。结果表明：在干旱胁迫下接种NECC11322、NECC11324后,玉米幼苗叶片及根系SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性较Con均不同程度升高,其中接种NECC11322根系POD活性增长最为显著,较Con增长67.78%;植株叶片及根系可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量较Con均呈上升趋势,其中接种NECC11322叶片可溶性糖含量增长最为显著,较Con增长152.10%;与Con相比,植株叶片及根系全氮、全磷、全钾养分含量均有所提升,接种NECC11322后叶片全氮含量升高最为显著,较Con增长88.47%;干旱胁迫下接种两种芽胞杆菌后,植株叶片及根系丙二醛含量较Con均显著降低,接种NECC11322[JP2]后根系降幅最为显著,较Con降低51.03%。综上可知,干旱胁迫下接种两种芽胞杆菌均可降低干旱胁迫对玉米幼苗生长的抑制,其中NECC11322菌株更具有抗旱性。通过提高保护酶活性、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量以及植株养分含量提高玉米幼苗抗旱性,促进玉米幼苗生长。 相似文献