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非洲猪瘟流行病学研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)主要在非洲大陆流行,它通过偶然机会侵入到欧洲和美洲,之后进一步侵袭到了东欧和高加索地区,且到目前也未完全控制。非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)可通过软蜱传播,感染野猪和家猪,其在特定生态系统中的生存能力由它所在的野生宿主种群和畜牧生产系统来界定。ASF是可导致家猪和野猪死亡率极高的病毒性疾病,且因缺少有效的疫苗和治疗方法而造成巨大的经济损失。除了预防和扑杀,暂无其他更好的应对方法,所以需要很好地了解ASF流行病学,预防和控制其传播,以便实施更多有针对性的措施。 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒科、非洲猪瘟病毒属的唯一成员非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)引起的一种高致死率、高抵抗力、严格接触性的病毒性疾病,对所有年龄段的家猪和野猪均具有感染性。我国非洲猪瘟传入疫情的出现,对养猪生产构成严重威胁,必将冲击生猪产业的健康稳定发展。本文介绍ASF的病原、流行病学特点,并总结防控措施,以期为ASF的进一步防控提供参考。 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fevervirus,ASFV)引起家猪或野猪的一种急性、烈性、高度接触性传染病。临床上以不明原因死亡、高热、网状内皮系统出血及脾肿大且质脆为主要特征。该病的致死率最高可达100%,是一种传播速度极快、危害性极强的传染病。就非洲猪瘟的流行病学、实验室诊断方法及防控措施进行综述,以期为非洲猪瘟综合防控提供参考。 相似文献
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2018年8月3日,农业农村部发布辽宁沈阳发生全国首例非洲猪瘟。至今,全国32个省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区公布共发生149起非洲猪瘟疫情,超过116万头猪只被扑杀。面对前所未有的非洲猪瘟,目前尚无有效的药物和疫苗预防,养猪行业面临种种危机。文章对非洲猪瘟及其危害做了简要介绍,并提出了防控非洲猪瘟的措施和建议。 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)是非洲猪瘟(ASF)的病原,可引发家猪和野猪急性、传染性出血死亡,目前尚无有效的疫苗和抗病毒药物。ASFV是囊膜病毒,其囊膜蛋白的结构和功能可能是影响病毒入侵和细胞嗜性的重要因素。病毒入胞是病毒感染细胞的第一步,通常是通过细胞表面特定的分子与病毒蛋白相结合吸附于宿主细胞表面,对ASFV入胞过程的病毒蛋白或宿主因子为靶点或可有效抑制ASFV的复制。本文从ASFV入胞过程中起重要作用的囊膜蛋白出发,对ASFV的入胞分子机制进行综述,为ASFV入胞深入研究以及治疗性药物和疫苗的研发提供参考。 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)引起的一种急性、热性、高度传染性疫病,感染猪以发热和全身性出血为主要特征,病程短、病死率高。非洲猪瘟主要流行于非洲国家,随后相继传入西欧、南美洲、东欧,以及亚洲国家,对全球养猪业、食品安全和猪及其产品国际贸易产生了严重危害和深远影响。现结合参考文献和我国非洲猪瘟发生、控制情况,分析了非洲猪瘟病毒传播动力学、传播方式,提出防控非洲猪瘟的主要措施。 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟是一种致死率极高的猪烈性传染病,文中阐述该病病毒特性、临床症状、病理变化等特点,结合欧洲对该病的防控手段,提出对非洲猪瘟的防控策略,一方面严防严控该病进入国内,另一方面对疫病暴发要提前准备,迅速控制。 相似文献
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Molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever in Italy 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
To gain an insight into the molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever (CSF) in Italy, virus isolates originating from outbreaks that occurred between 1985 and 2000 in wild boar or in domestic pigs in mainland Italy and in Sardinia were analysed by genetic typing. For this, a fragment (190 nucleotides) of the E2 glycoprotein gene was sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed, including older Italian isolates and isolates from recent outbreaks in Europe for comparison. The results show that in mainland Italy, several independent epidemiological events occurred in the last decade. In the north of the country, viruses of genotype 2.2 have persisted in wild boar, causing sporadic outbreaks in domestic pigs. In contrast, viruses of subgroups 2.1 and 2.3 appeared only intermittently in different regions of the mainland. In 1997, classical swine fever virus (CSFV) isolates belonging to the subgroup 2.1 and genetically and epidemiologically related to the Dutch isolate in Venhorst, affected domestic pigs exclusively. The isolates of subgroup 2.3, derived from wild boar as well as from domestic pigs were closely related to isolates from Germany and Poland. In Sardinia, CSF is an endemic in wild boar and affects domestic pigs also. Genetic typing showed that viruses of subgroups 1.1 and 2.3 have been present, the last ones being unrelated to the mainland viruses of the same subgroup. Due to the large quantities of pig and wild boar meat imported in some parts of Italy, it cannot be established if these viruses were always present in either the mainland or Sardinia, or if they represent recent introductions. 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟(African Swine Fever, ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African Swine fever Virus, ASFV)引起的一种急性、烈性、高度接触性的传染病,其发病率高,死亡率可高达100%。世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其列为必须报告动物疫病,我国将其列为一类动物疫病。由于目前并没有安全有效的疫苗,防控ASF最有效的方法是实行早期诊断、扑杀和严格的封锁隔离措施,针对养猪场则需要高度重视生物安全防控措施。根据非洲猪瘟的流行病学特征,简要综述了养猪场如何通过建立良好的生物安全屏障、切断可能传播途径、有效消毒降低潜在病原等重要措施来防控非洲猪瘟。 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟紧急预防控制技术需求 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
非洲猪瘟是原发于非洲肯尼亚的猪的一种重要病毒性传染病,2018年8月3日首次发生于我国沈阳。该病来势凶猛,截至10月16日,已在我国9个省份引发39次疫情。我国非常重视非洲猪瘟防控工作,具备了较好的科技储备,但疫情形势发展超乎预期,出现许多始料未及的情况,仍需要重新梳理防控技术需求,针对性地开展防控技术研究。就此,简要介绍了非洲猪瘟的特性,归纳了我国目前非洲猪瘟防控技术需求,建议深入开展快速特异诊断技术、流行病学、病原学等急需技术研究,开展野猪和软蜱传播媒介与非洲猪瘟流行关系和非洲猪瘟免疫与疫苗等基础研究。 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟（African swine fever,ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）引起家猪的一种急性、出血性、高度接触性蜱传病毒病,可致家猪网状内皮系统出血及高死亡率,是危害世界养猪业健康发展最严重的传染病之一。ASFV是一种大型的DNA病毒,结构复杂,其基因组编码大量蛋白。该论文介绍了ASFV的特性,免疫应答机制如免疫逃逸、体液免疫和细胞免疫,以及基因工程疫苗如减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、病毒载体活疫苗及DNA疫苗研究的最新进展,并对中国ASF的疫苗研制、防控进行了展望。 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟是养猪业的第一杀手,自1921年东非国家肯尼亚首先出现非洲猪瘟疫情以来,这个病毒已经在非洲亚洲欧洲等区域传播了近百年,对世界养猪业造成了无可估量的损失。我国于2018年8月在辽宁省沈阳市首次发生非洲猪瘟疫情,并在极短的时间内传遍全国,对我国养猪行业的发展产生了巨大的影响,养猪业在近2年时间里发生了极大的变化。文章采用TaqMan探针实时荧光PCR技术,阐述一种快速、准确的非洲猪瘟病毒检测方法,并结合非洲猪瘟传播感染途径的特点,制定科学的诊断程序与防控措施来保证养猪业的生产安全。 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟病毒从2018年下旬入侵我国,对我国生猪养殖产业造成重创,导致生猪养殖的数量和规模锐减,经济损失严重,对我国畜牧养殖产业的科学发展以及我国经济的平稳运行均造成巨大威胁。目前非洲猪瘟还会导致我国生猪的出栏量显著下降,猪肉产品价格显著提高,通过分析了解现阶段非洲猪瘟导致的影响可加强应对非洲猪瘟的防控措施,改善目前生猪养殖产业发展的方向,恢复生猪养殖生产,保障我国猪肉市场的供应。该文对非洲猪瘟对我国生猪养殖产业的影响、应对措施及未来的展望进行论述。 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟是一种病毒性、出血性、接触传播性疾病,具有极高的致死率。我国作为养猪大国,非洲猪瘟给我国造成巨大的经济损失。由于我国目前尚未有可用的商品化疫苗,只有尽早地发现非洲猪瘟并严格实施流行病学调查、消杀灭源才能有效防控非洲猪瘟。随着非洲猪瘟流行特征的变化,非典型临床病例、慢性感染猪逐渐增多,病毒血症不明显并且排毒不规律,仅靠病原学存在漏检可能,而血清学检测可作为病原学检测的补充,对于非洲猪瘟临床诊断具有重要意义。本文从流行病学、病毒结构、诊断标识以及现阶段常用的非洲猪瘟血清学检测方法进行综述,供非洲猪瘟血清学诊断研究以及疫情防控工作者参考。 相似文献
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Fifteen pigs were inoculated with African swine fever virus in a study of the pathogenesis of the disease. All pigs surviving the first two weeks developed high circulating antibody titers against African swine fever virus and persistent viremia. Hemolytic complement levels declined to 50 to 70 hemolytic complement 50 (CH50) units/ml from mean preinoculation levels of 120 CH50 units/ml. Immune deposits consisting of African swine fever antigen, host immunoglobulin G, and native C3 were found in the glomeruli of surviving pigs. All pigs surviving two weeks after inoculation developed leukocyte-bound antibody functionally characteristic of immunoglobulin E (IgE). Antigen-specific degranulation of antibody-coated leukocytes produced secondary platelet aggregation and vasoactive amine release. The results suggest that the IgE-basophil-platelet loop acting via amplification by leukocyte-derived platelet-activating factor participates in the immune complex deposition process in African swine fever. 相似文献
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Vaccinology of classical swine fever: from lab to field 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
van Oirschot JT 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,96(4):367-384
There are two types of classical swine fever vaccines available: the classical live and the recently developed E2 subunit vaccines. The live Chinese strain vaccine is the most widely used. After a single vaccination, it confers solid immunity within a few days that appears to persist lifelong. The E2 subunit vaccine induces immunity from approximately 10-14 days after a single vaccination. The immunity may persist for more than a year, but is then not complete. The Chinese strain vaccine may establish a strong herd immunity 1-2 weeks earlier than the E2 vaccine. The ability of the Chinese vaccine strain to prevent congenital infection has not been reported, but the E2 subunit vaccine does not induce complete protection against congenital infection. Immunological mechanisms that underlie the protective immunity are still to be elucidated. Both types of vaccine are considered to be safe. A great advantage of the E2 subunit vaccine is that it allows differentiation of infected pigs from vaccinated pigs and is referred to as a DIVA vaccine. However, the companion diagnostic E(rns) ELISA to actually make that differentiation should be improved. Many approaches to develop novel vaccines have been described, but none of these is likely to result in a new DIVA vaccine reaching the market in the next 5-10 years. Countries where classical swine fever is endemic can best control the infection by systematic vaccination campaigns, accompanied by the normal diagnostic procedures and control measures. Oral vaccination of wild boar may contribute to lowering the incidence of classical swine fever, and consequently diminishing the threat of virus introduction into domestic pigs. Free countries should not vaccinate and should be highly alert to rapidly diagnose any new outbreak. Once a new introduction of classical swine fever virus in dense pig areas has been confirmed, an emergency vaccination programme should be immediately instituted, for maximum benefit. The question is whether the time is ripe to seriously consider global eradication of classical swine fever virus. 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟病毒的分子病原学及致病机理研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
非洲猪瘟（African swine fever,ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）引起的一种烈性传染病,具有急性、高热、高病死率等特征,主要暴发于非洲、东欧国家、俄罗斯及高加索地区。目前,该病缺乏有效的疫苗和治疗方法,给病情爆发地区的养猪业造成严重的影响。ASFV的主要靶细胞是网状内皮细胞和单核-巨噬细胞,造成细胞凋亡,影响宿主的免疫系统,进而表现出相应的疫病特征。ASFV具有基因组较大、基因型较多且易变异等特征。文章主要从分子病原学和致病机理方面对ASFV的研究情况进行综述,为ASF的防控提供理论依据。 相似文献