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1.
本研究旨在查明甘肃与宁夏地区奶牛衣原体的感染情况并分析影响其感染的风险因素。本试验采用间接血凝试验(IHA)方法检测了甘肃榆中(751份)、宁夏青铜峡(450份)和宁夏吴忠(456份)3个地方总计1 657份奶牛血清样品,并应用流行病学调查及统计学方法对影响奶牛衣原体感染的因素进行了分析。流行病学调查结果显示,奶牛衣原体抗体总阳性率为29.33%;应用logistic回归分析评估奶牛衣原体感染的风险因素,结果显示年龄和胎次不是显著风险因素(P>0.05),而地区因素是影响奶牛衣原体感染的风险因素(P<0.05)。奶牛衣原体抗体滴度最高达1:1 024。结果表明,甘肃和宁夏地区奶牛衣原体普遍流行。因此,应当提高对调查地区奶牛衣原体感染的重视,采取适当的综合控制方法和有效的管理措施以防控奶牛衣原体病,以保证奶牛养殖业的经济效益。  相似文献   

2.
This investigation aimed to examine coccidia infection in diary cattle in Yuzhong,Gansu province.An investigation was carried out on the Holstein calves less than one year old in six large-scale dairy farms.A total of 234 fecal samples were examined,and oocysts were identified to the species level on the basis of morphological features after positive samples were mixed thoroughly with 2.5% potassium dichromate solution.The results showed that the prevalence rate of coccidia in Holstein calves reached 46.15%.The average prevalence rate of the calves under 3 months old was 52.43%,the 4 to 6 months old calves was 37.50% and the 7 to 12 months old calves was 43.37%.Seven species of Eimeria coccidians and one species Isospora sp.including Eimeria bovis,Eimeria auburnensis,Eimeria zuernii,Eimeria alabamensis,Eimeria subspherica,Eimeria ellipsoidalli,Eimeria canadensisi,were identified in the investigation,and Eimeria bovis,Eimeria auburnensis,Eimeria zuernii were the dominant species.In conclusion,the prevalence rate of coccidiosis in dairy cattles in Yuzhong,Gansu province was high.Therefore,appropriate strategies and measures should be taken to control coccidiosis prevalence in dairy cows in this region.  相似文献   

3.
奶牛球虫病呈世界性分布,中国部分省市也有报道,但是甘肃省至今尚未有关于奶牛球虫病的相关调查。甘肃省榆中县是甘肃省奶牛主产区之一,为了解甘肃省榆中县奶牛球虫感染情况,对当地6个规模化奶牛养殖场1岁以内荷斯坦奶牛犊牛球虫感染情况进行了调查。试验采用显微镜下观察的方法检测了该地区的234份奶牛粪便样品,并对球虫阳性粪便进行重铬酸钾法孵化来鉴定球虫种类。结果发现,犊牛球虫总感染率达到46.15%,其中1~3月龄犊牛平均感染率为52.43%,4~6月龄犊牛平均感染率为37.50%,7~12月龄犊牛平均感染率为43.37%。经虫种鉴定,共发现7种艾美尔属球虫和1种等孢属球虫,7种艾美尔属球虫分别是牛艾美尔球虫(Eimeria bovis)、奥博艾美尔球虫(Eimeria auburnensis)、邱氏艾美尔球虫(Eimeria zuernii)、阿拉巴艾美尔球虫(Eimeria alabamensis)、亚球形艾美尔球虫(Eimeria subspherica)、椭圆艾美尔球虫(Eimeria ellipsoidalli)、加拿大艾美尔球虫(Eimeria canadensis),其中牛艾美尔球虫、奥博艾美尔球虫、邱氏艾美尔球虫为优势种。本次调查结果表明,甘肃省榆中县奶牛球虫感染情况严重,应引起相关部门重视。  相似文献   

4.
This paper reports the investigation of risk factors for bovine herpesvirus-1-seropositivity, based on a cluster-sample survey of the Belgian cattle population. This serosurvey was carried out in 1998 in 309 randomly selected unvaccinated herds of all types (dairy, mixed and beef) were all bovids (N = 11,284) were sampled.

Older and male cattle had higher seroprevalence. Origin (homebred or purchased) and herd size interacted; for smaller herds (≤50 cattle on the premises), purchase status and larger herd size were risk factors, whereas these effects were not observed for larger herds.  相似文献   


5.
为调查甘肃省兔艾美耳球虫的感染状况、虫种分布和风险因素,本研究从甘肃省平凉、酒泉、武威地区采集5个不同品种兔的592份粪便样品,提取粪便样品中的基因组DNA,基于艾美耳球虫核糖体第1内转录间隔区（ITS1）设计引物,采用特异性PCR扩增兔艾美耳球虫基因片段。结果发现,兔艾美耳球虫的总感染率为50%（296/592）;通过序列比对分析共鉴定出7种不同的兔艾美耳球虫,分别是大型艾美耳球虫（24.5%,145/592）、肠艾美耳球虫（4.1%,24/592）、中型艾美耳球虫（11.5%,68/592）、穿孔艾美耳球虫（19.8%,117/592）、维氏艾美耳球虫（24.5%,145/592）、小型艾美耳球虫（4.9%,29/592）和盲肠艾美耳球虫（0.84%,5/592）;以大型艾美耳球虫、维氏艾美耳球虫、穿孔艾美耳球虫为优势虫种,同时发现所调查的兔中有多重感染的情况,最多包括四重感染。统计学分析显示,地区因素（P<0.05）、品种因素（P<0.05）和年龄因素（P<0.05）是影响兔艾美耳球虫感染率的风险因素,提示应该针对这3种因素采取有效的防控措施。本研究结果揭示了甘肃省部分地区养殖场兔的艾美耳球虫感染率、虫种分布和感染率的风险因素,为预防和控制甘肃省地区养殖兔的艾美耳球虫病提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

6.
Chlamydia spp. are obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria that cause a wide range of significant diseases in humans and animals worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses. Chlamydial infection in cattle has been reported in many countries including China. However, there has been no survey of chlamydial infection of dairy cattle in Guangzhou, southern China. The objective of the present investigation was to examine the chlamydial seroprevalence in dairy cattle in Guangzhou, subtropical southern China by using an indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). The overall seroprevalence of chlamydial infection in dairy cattle was 7.25% (29/400). Greater than or equal to eight-yr-old dairy cattle had the highest seroprevalence (10.34%), followed by those that were ≥ 6 years old or < 7 years old dairy cattle (10.20%), although there were no statistically significant differences among different groups (P > 0.05). Dairy cattle with 5 pregnancies had the highest seroprevalence (10.81%). These results indicate that chlamydial infection was present in dairy cattle in Guangzhou, subtropical southern China, and integrated strategies and measures should be executed to control and prevent chlamydial infection and disease outbreak in the study region.  相似文献   

7.
A limited seroepidemiological investigation was conducted in Aceh Province to determine the seroprevalence of Anaplasma marginale and Trypanosoma evansi in indigenous cattle and in groups of Sahiwal cross cattle imported from New Zealand in 1985. The results obtained suggest that these parasites are endemic in the areas surveyed; in local cattle, overall prevalence rates of 82% for A. marginale and 61% for T. evansi were obtained.

Thin blood smears were prepared from 42 anaemic adult cattle and 19 clinically normal calves. Babesia bigemina was detected in 5 blood smears and Theileria orientalis in 51. Sahiwal cattle imported from New Zealand suffered high mortalities during their first year in Aceh and it is suggested that imported naive cattle rapidly become infected with blood parasites.  相似文献   


8.
The association of herd characteristics and intervention strategies with time under quarantine was evaluated for 163 farrow-to-finish swine herds enrolled in the voluntary phase (1986–1987) of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) eradication program in the state of Illinois (USA). Vaccination was the intervention strategy used most widely (69% of herds), particularly in larger herds. Depopulation was used primarily when PRV seroprevalence was high, and test-and-removal when seroprevalence was low. Approximately 50% of the herds were released from quarantine within 3 years of developing a herd clean-up plan.

Multiple regression analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model indicated the following. Vaccination had a strong association with a longer time until release from quarantine (P<0.001). This is attributed to the lack of a vaccine differential test during this time, which made diagnosis of natural infection more difficult. Offspring segragation was associated with a longer time under quarantine (all herds: P=0.05; non-vaccinated herds: P=0.004). Delay in implementation of a herd clean-up plan was also associated with longer time under quarantine (all herds: P=0.012; non-vaccinated herds: P<0.001). Herds with higher seroprevalence at the time of agreement to a herd plan required a longer time under quarantine (all herds: P<0.001). This result was apparent for non-vaccinated herds (P=0.001), and thus is not merely a consequence of vaccination. Herds in areas with a high geographic density of quarantined herds required a longer time before release from quarantine (all herds: P=0.003), although this trend was not apparent for non-vaccinated herds (P=0.39). After taking PRV seroprevalence into account, there was no apparent association of time under quarantine with sow herd size (all herds: P=0.057; non-vaccinated herds: P=0.81) or confinement housing (all herds: P=0.19; non-vaccinated herds: P=0.91).  相似文献   


9.
本研究主要选取呼和浩特地区奶牛养殖较集中的赛罕区与和林格尔县,对其规模养殖场与奶牛小区的饲料和牛奶中风险因子的污染情况进行评估,同时调研了奶牛饲养过程中兽药使用情况,其中饲料中评估的风险因子包括黄曲霉毒素B1和重金属铅,牛奶中评估的风险因子包括黄曲霉毒素M1、重金属铅、菌落总数、体细胞数和总抗生素。结果表明：①青霉素是使用最多的抗生素,规模场比奶牛小区使用药物种类多;②对饲料中2种风险因子的检出率均为100%,但均未超标; ③除体细胞,牛奶中的其他风险因子均未超标;④除重金属铅,牛奶中其他风险因子均是奶牛小区高于规模养殖场;⑤本次调研虽然样本量不大,但所选调研地点均是随机选择,因此具有一定代表性,本次调研分析结果有助于指导下一步牛奶风险评估的开展。  相似文献   

10.
【目的】 探究由霍乱弧菌菌影(Vibrio cholerae ghosts,VCG)和纳米壳聚糖凝胶(Gel)组合制作的一种新型灭活衣原体疫苗复合佐剂是否可增强鹦鹉热衣原体原体(elementary body,EB)灭活抗原诱导动物机体产生的免疫应答。【方法】 将60只7日龄SPF鸡随机分为4个组,分别为:EB＋VCG＋Gel组、EB＋VCG 组、Gel组和EB组。通过滴鼻途径免疫鸡群,免疫2次,每次间隔14 d,免疫后检测鸡血清中IgG抗体水平、淋巴细胞增殖指数、CD4＋/CD8＋T 细胞比例、细胞因子(白介素-4(IL-4)、IL-10、IL-12和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ))含量及攻毒后鸡喉头排菌量和肺脏的病理损伤程度。【结果】 与Gel和EB组相比,EB＋VCG＋Gel和EB＋VCG组IgG 抗体水平、淋巴细胞增殖指数、IFN-γ含量和CD4＋/CD8＋T细胞比值显著或极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01)。此外,与Gel和EB组相比,攻毒后第12天,EB＋VCG＋Gel组喉头排菌量极显著降低(P<0.01),攻毒后第7天,肺脏损伤评分极显著降低(P<0.01)。【结论】 壳聚糖凝胶、VCG、灭活衣原体 EB 组合构成的新型滴鼻衣原体疫苗经鼻腔接种动物后可刺激动物机体产生良好的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,阻断鹦鹉热衣原体经呼吸道途径传播,防止鹦鹉热衣原体从动物向人群传播。  相似文献   

11.
试验旨在探索奶牛对气候变化较为敏感的血液常规指标,为荷斯坦奶牛低温应激研究提供相关数据支撑及科学依据,并对该地区冬季奶牛饲养管理及耐应激个体选育提供理论依据。以河北省承德市围场县某规模化奶牛场的健康荷斯坦泌乳奶牛为研究对象,连续监测了秋季（2018年10月24日至2018年10月30日）、初冬（2018年12月4日至2018年12月10日）和深冬（2018年12月25日至2018年12月31日）牛舍温湿指数（THI）,并分别采集了15头荷斯坦奶牛血液样本,测定了9种血液常规指标,同时收集了试验牛群的8项产奶性能数据,分析荷斯坦奶牛在秋冬季节产奶性能及血液常规指标的变化规律,筛选气候变化较为敏感的血液常规指标。结果显示：秋季,牛舍平均温度为8.0 ℃,平均THI为49.38,说明试验牛群在该时期处于非低温应激状态;初冬,牛舍平均温度为－6.4 ℃,平均THI达到23.56,在168 h监测期,有92 h －8≤THI < 25,76 h 25≤THI < 39,试验牛群在该时期大部分时间处于中度低温应激状态;深冬,牛舍平均温度为－7.59 ℃,平均THI达到21.86,有43 h 25≤THI < 39,117 h 8≤THI < 25,试验牛群在该时期绝大部分时间处于中度低温应激状态。随着温度下降,奶牛直肠温度、呼吸频率显著降低（P < 0.05）;冬季奶牛血中白细胞计数（WBC）、红细胞计数（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、红细胞压积（HCT）、血小板总数（PLT）、血小板压积（PCT）、单核细胞数（MO）、淋巴细胞数（LY）极显著或显著升高（P < 0.01;P < 0.05）;除红细胞压积（HCT）、白细胞计数外,其他各指标在初冬与深冬间差异不显著（P > 0.05）;红细胞平均体积（MCV）在各季节间变化不显著（P > 0.05）;与秋季相比,初冬、深冬奶牛平均日产奶量（AMY）分别下降0.71和1.17 kg/d（P < 0.01）;初冬乳脂率（FP）、乳蛋白率（PP）、脂蛋比（F/P）显著或极显著下降（P < 0.05;P<0.01）,深冬时期恢复至秋季水平（P > 0.05）;乳中非脂肪固体物质率（SP）在初冬显著下降,在深冬显著上升（P < 0.05）;初冬、深冬乳中体细胞数（SCC）分别比秋季高1.84×105、1.63×105 个/mL（P < 0.05）;乳糖率（LP）及酸度在各时期均无显著差异（P > 0.05）。综合以上结果,冀北寒区荷斯坦奶牛在秋季处于非应激状态,在初冬和深冬处于中度低温应激状态,且牛群的生理指标和产奶性能受气候影响较为严重;奶牛血液红细胞、白细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞数为受气候影响变化较为灵敏的血液常规指标。  相似文献   

12.
Hungerford, L.L. and Smith, R.D., 1997. Variations in seroprevalence and host factors for bovine anaplasmosis in Illinois. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (1), 9-18.The modified card agglutination test (MCAT) was used to detect antibodies to Anaplasma marginale in 4994 samples collected from market cattle through the Brucellosis Eradication Program in Illinois. The MCAT reactor rate in the sample was 6.4%. The statewide prevalence estimate increased to between 7.1% and 10.7% when corrected for sampling distribution and test sensitivity and specificity. While the sample reactor rate measures the proportion of infected cattle moving through the market system and into new herds, consideration of the sampling proportions and test characteristics is important when estimating the overall prevalence. Cows were found to be at decreased risk relative to male cattle in lower-prevalence areas, but the risk was similar in higher-prevalence areas. In both higher- and lower-prevalence areas, the risk for seropositivity increased from 1 year of age onwards, but the rate of increase with age was greater in the higher-prevalence areas. Calves, however, had higher seroprevalence levels than 1-2-year-old animals. The risk was highest for Angus and Angus-Hereford cross cattle, while dairy cattle showed a decreased risk in the whole sample, but not when the analyses were stratified by prevalence level. There was a higher concentration of dairy cattle in areas with lower prevalence levels.  相似文献   

13.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify risk factors for herd infection by Brucella spp. in dairy cattle in the suburbs of Asmara, Eritrea. Data were collected from 64 herds, randomly selected from a total of 99 herds with a minimum herd size of 9 cows. A questionnaire was used to gather data on management, hygiene and herd structure. Serum samples collected from all pregnant heifers, cows and bulls, were screened for Brucella infection by the Rose Bengal test (RBT), and all RBT-positive sera re-tested with the complement-fixation test (CFT) for confirmation. A seropositive herd was defined as one in which at least one animal tested positive in the CFT. There were 23 (36%) positive herds among the 64 studied. Both multiple logistic and multiple betabinomial regression modeling were used to analyze the data. Mixed-breed herds, compared to single (exotic)-breed herds, were found to be independently associated with increased herd seroprevalence (OR=5.2, 95% confidence interval 1.4–18.7) in the multiple logistic model with the herd infection status as the dependent variable. The importance of this variable was supported by the multiple betabinomial regression model (OR=3.3, 1.4–7.6) with animal-level prevalence within herd as the outcome variable. Both models also revealed the presence of a negative association between seropositivity and cattle stocking density.  相似文献   

14.
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection in non-vaccinated dairy and dual-purpose cattle herds from Ecuador. A total of 2,367 serum samples from 346 herds were collected from June 2008 to February 2009. A questionnaire, which included variables related to cattle, health, management measures, and the environment, was filled out in each herd. Presence of antibodies against BRSV was analyzed using a commercial indirect ELISA test. A logistic regression model was used to determine risk factors associated with BRSV at herd level. The individual seroprevalence against BRSV in non-vaccinated herds in Ecuador was 80.48% [1,905/2,367; 95% confidence interval (CI)?=?78.9-82.1]. The herd prevalence was 91.3% (316/346; 95% CI?=?88.3-94.3), and the intra-herd prevalence ranged between 25% and 100% (mean, 90.47%). The logistic regression model showed that the existence of bordering cattle farms, the dual-purpose farms, and the altitude of the farm (more than 2,338?m above sea level) were risk factors associated with BRSV infection. This is the first study about BRSV prevalence in Ecuador. It shows the wide spread of the BRSV infection in the country. The risk factors found will help to design effective control strategies.  相似文献   

15.
为探究通过抗病选育的免疫大师公牛女儿的疾病抗性情况,试验收集上海地区3个同时使用免疫大师公牛和普通公牛冻精牧场的5 112条个体疾病记录,采用Logistic回归法分析了犊牛出生季节、成母牛年龄、父亲类型（免疫大师和普通公牛）对部分常见奶牛疾病发病风险的影响。结果表明,出生季节和年龄分别对犊牛和成母牛各类疾病的发病风险有显著影响（P<0.05）;父亲类型对乳房炎的发病风险在部分群体中有显著影响（P<0.05）。与普通公牛的女儿相比,免疫大师公牛女儿乳房炎发病风险更低。综合本研究结果,免疫大师公牛的抗病能力选育技术有效,其在中国奶牛群体的后代表现出更好的疾病抗性,尤其是提高了奶牛乳房炎抗性,为利用育种手段提高奶牛群体的抗病能力和养殖效益提供了可行的技术路线。  相似文献   

16.
The objective of this study was to describe the seroepidemiology of Neospora caninum infection in dogs in close contact with dairy cattle and dogs from urban areas of Aguascalientes, Mexico, as well as to estimate the possible association between age, gender and size of these groups and seroprevalence. Sera were obtained from samples of 152 dogs in dairy farms and 116 in the urban area, and were subjected to ELISA test. General seroprevalence reached 32%, while the seroprevalence in farm dogs (41%) was significantly higher than in dogs from the urban area (20%) (p<0.05). Regarding age groups, general seroprevalence was greater among dogs between 11 and 15 years of age (67%) remaining equal between males and females (32 and 31%, respectively). Nevertheless, females resident in farms had a higher seroprevalence (42%) than female resident in the urban area. Regarding size, large-sized animals had greater seroprevalence in farms (58%), while in the urban area medium-sized animals were those that had the highest seroprevalence (27%). It was found that dairy farm dogs had a higher risk of infection (OR=2.79; p=0.0004), and that in said group, the age range from <1 to 5 years of age was identified as a risk factor (OR=3.11, p=0.001).  相似文献   

17.
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and to identify risk factors associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in 62 non-vaccinated dairy herds (671 cows) in Jordan between January and June 2007. Information regarding herd management was recorded through a personal interview with farmers. Antibodies against BVDV were detected using an indirect ELISA test. Chi-square analysis and multivariable logistic regression model were used to identify risk factors for BVDV seropositivity. The true prevalence of antibodies against BVDV in individual cows and cattle herds was 31.6% and 80.7%, respectively. The seroprevalence of BVDV in medium and large size herds was significantly higher than that in smaller herds. There was no significant difference in BVD seroprevalence between different age groups. Random-effects logistic regression model revealed two major factors associated with seropositivity to BVDV; exchange of visits between adjacent farm workers and not isolating newly purchased animals before addition to the herd. The seroprevalence of BVDV in cows located in the northern Jordanian governorates was significantly higher than that in other studied governorates. Results of this study indicated that BVDV is highly prevalent in Jordan and BVDV infection could be controlled by livestock-trade control, and applying strict biosecurity measures in the dairy farms.  相似文献   

18.
2015年3月至2015年8月在新疆伊犁新生源公司巴彦岱牛场为研究大提琴、小提琴及低音提琴演奏的轻音乐对泌乳牛神经递质和泌乳性能的影响。选取体重、年龄、胎次及泌乳量接近,健康状况良好,饲养管理水平完全一致的荷斯坦泌乳牛36头,随机分成2组,试验组和对照组各18头。试验分3期,每期40 d,每隔20 d采集一次血样和乳样并测定单头产奶量。结果显示,与对照组相比,3种乐器演奏的音乐均能促进产奶量,其中小提琴音乐组的产奶量显著高于对照组(P < 0.05);小提琴演奏的音乐能显著增加血清中甘氨酸(Gly)含量,显著降低神经肽Y (NPY)含量(P < 0.05);低音提琴演奏的音乐能显著降低NPY含量(P < 0.05)。结果提示,可选用小提琴演奏的音乐作为奶牛生产生活的环境音乐。  相似文献   

19.
Bovine anaplasmosis is endemic and occurs in almost all areas of livestock production of Costa Rica. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of anaplasmosis in dairy farms of Costa Rica by the recombinant truncated MSP-5 (rMSP-5) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum samples were obtained from 733 cattle from 20 commercial dairy herds of Costa Rica. The overall seroprevalence was 37.2% and herd seroprevalence ranged from 20.0 to 72.0%. The age-specific seroprevalence was 49.3% in young and 33.4% in adult animals. The main risk factors associated with seroprevalence were season of occurrence of clinical cases (rainy season) (OR=22.8), presence of tabanids (OR=9.5) and stable flies (OR=6.2), stable flies control measures (OR=3.2), non-use of ear tattoos (OR=2.8), interval of veterinary visit (≤ 60 days) (OR=2.7), altitude of the farms (<800 masl) (OR=2.6) and age (<2 years) (OR=1.8). The results indicated that exposure of cattle to Anaplasma marginale is common in dairy herds of Costa Rica and endemic instability situation probably is due to inadequate vector control.  相似文献   

20.
The experiment was conducted from March 2015 until August 2015 at Bayan Dai cattle farm,Xinjiang Xin Sheng Yuan company in Yili.To study the influence of light music (cello music,violin music and bass music) on neurotransmitters levels and milk performance of dairy cows,36 health Holstein cows with similar body weight,age,parity and milk yield were randomly divided into two groups,control group and test group,each group with 18 heads.All these cows were managed at the same conditions.The test had three sections,each section lasted for 40 days.Every 20 days the daily yield was determined,and the blood and milk samples were collected.The results showed that all these three instrumental music could promote milk yield and the milk yield of violin music group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05).Violin music significantly increased Gly level and reduced NPY level (P < 0.05).Bass music could significantly reduce NPY level (P < 0.05).The results suggested that violin music could be used as the environment music in dairy cows production.  相似文献   

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