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扁玉螺鳃的形态学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用光镜和扫描电镜观察了扁玉螺鳃的组织学和表面结构,鳃叶上皮由５个区带的细胞组成,即前纤毛柱状细胞,立方细胞,侧纤毛柱状细胞,后纤毛柱状细胞及呼吸上皮。侧纤毛是产生呼吸水流的动力来源,呼吸上皮细胞表面凹凸不平,其组织学和表面结构有助于进行气体交换。 相似文献
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运用组织学、组织化学及透射电镜观察方法研究缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)肠的结构，并探讨其功能。结果表明，肠壁由内向外可分为粘膜层和粘膜下层，缺乏肌层，其中粘膜层包括粘膜上皮和粘膜肌层。粘膜上皮为单层上皮，由纤毛柱状细胞、微绒毛柱状细胞和分泌细胞构成。纤毛柱状细胞除了能运输食物外，还具有细胞内消化、贮存能量及细胞外消化的功能；微绒毛柱状细胞具活跃的吸收、细胞内消化和贮存能量的功能；分泌细胞以顶浆分泌方式分泌酶原和粘液，其分泌的酸性和中性混合粘液物质可起到润滑肠道、保护粘膜的作用，分泌的消化酶参与肠腔中进行的细胞外消化。粘膜肌层为薄层环行的平滑肌。粘膜下层为丰富的疏松结缔组织。肠道具有消化脂类的能力,还参与钙、铁等无机盐代谢。 相似文献
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采用扫描电镜和光镜技术对真鲷的消化道进行了组织学和形态学研究。具发达颌齿的口咽腔之后，真鲷消化道由分化明显的食道、胃、小肠和直肠构成。口咽腔粘膜表面为复层上皮，其中含有怀状细胞和味蕾，表层细胞具微褶（脊）；食道粘膜也衬着复层上皮，由表层具微褶（脊）的扁平细胞、中层的怀状细胞及底部的基底细胞组成，食道粘部分区域 衬着单层柱状上皮；胃Ｖ形，粘膜表层为单层柱状上皮，贲门部和盲囊部上皮下有一厚层胃腺组织； 相似文献
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运用石蜡切片和扫描电镜技术研究了栉孔扇贝和太平洋牡蛎的唇瓣结构。结果表明，2种贝的唇瓣结构都是中间一层结缔组织，两侧被覆纤毛柱状上皮，结缔组织中富含血腔隙。栉孔扇贝唇瓣的粘膜上皮由柱状细胞和杯状细胞组成；而太平洋牡蛎由柱状细胞、杯状细胞和嗜酸性粒分泌细胞组成。扫描电镜下，2种贝唇瓣的褶皱面呈现沟和嵴，纤毛浓密；光滑面纤毛较少。太平洋牡蛎唇瓣褶皱面的游离边缘部分和光滑面有大量的球状突起，这是杯状细胞所在处。纤毛和粘液在食物分栋和运输中起重要作用。 相似文献
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太平洋革囊星虫消化道解剖学观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道了太平洋革囊星虫(Phascolosoma pacificum Keferstein)消化道各部的形态和组织学结构。结果表明,太平洋革囊星虫消化道分为口、咽、食道、肠、直肠和肛门,肠是消化道的主体,极长,可分为降肠和升肠,二者相互盘绕,使肠呈双螺旋状。消化道管壁由黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜组成,各部主要区别在于黏膜:咽和降肠上段黏膜为假复层纤毛柱状上皮;食道和直肠黏膜为单层纤毛柱状上皮;除降肠上段外,肠其他各段黏膜均为单层柱状上皮,降肠下段有呈倒"U"型的纤毛突起和"V"型的纤毛沟,升肠只存在纤毛沟;降肠下段与升肠上段黏膜上皮中有颗粒细胞存在,升肠纹状缘明显,直肠杯状细胞丰富。此外,皱襞的形态、黏膜下层和肌层的厚度等在消化道各部也存在差异。研究表明,太平洋革囊星虫消化道结构与其食性是相适应的。 相似文献
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大黄鱼消化道器官显微与亚显微结构 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
采用电镜和光镜技术研究大黄鱼消化道的组织结构。大黄鱼舌粘膜上皮为复层扁平上皮，其中含有杯状细胞和味蕾，舌腹面固有膜有浆液性腺泡；食道粘膜上皮为复层扁平上皮，表层扁平细胞下有粘液细胞。胃粘膜上皮为单层柱状，细胞游离端含有大量成熟粘液原颗粒，核周有不同成熟阶段的粘原颗粒，细胞器位于核周及下方，贲门和盲囊部胃小凹处有粘液腺，固有膜含大量胃腺，幽门部没有胃腺；胃腺细胞为矮锥形，细胞内含微管泡系和酶原颗粒，是一种典型的泌酸胃酶细胞。前肠、中肠和后肠粘膜上皮均为单层柱状上皮，其中有许多杯状细胞，肠上皮有密集的微绒毛，侧面有连接复合体，胞内各种细胞器均较丰富。大黄鱼消化道组织结构的特点与消化、吸收作用密切相关。 相似文献
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军曹鱼消化系统的形态及组织学研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用活体解剖和光镜技术对军曹鱼Rachycentron canadum消化系统进行形态及组织学研究。结果显示,军曹鱼消化道由口咽腔、食道、胃、幽门盲囊、前肠、中肠和后肠几部分组成。口咽腔大,粘膜上皮为复层鳞状上皮,内含少量杯状细胞。食道很短,但上皮包括复层鳞状上皮区和单层柱状上皮区。胃膨大,呈Y形,在贵门和幽门部可观测到杯状细胞,胃体粘膜层下有大量的胃腺细胞。幽门盲囊发达,肠短但分3部分,前肠、中肠和后肠,肠道系数为0．43,肠道由前向后杯状细胞和粘膜皱褶不断减少。消化腺包括肝脏和胰腺,肝小叶分界不明显,肝细胞内脂肪含量丰富,胰腺属于散在性的,其外分泌部有许多腺泡组成,胰岛分散于外分泌部间。 相似文献
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采用大体解剖和光镜技术研究了海鳗(Muraenesax cinereius)消化道形态学和组织学。海鳗消化道分化为明显的食道、胃和肠。食道皱襞多且粗大，黏膜为复层上皮，部分区域为单层柱状上皮。上皮中含两种类型的杯状细胞，以杯状细胞层次多为显著特征，此外还有嗜酸性细胞。肌层厚。浆膜中纤维发达，伸人肌层并与黏膜下层相连。胃“Y”形，分为贲门部、盲囊部和幽门部，盲囊部发达。胃上皮为单层柱状上皮，贲门部和盲囊部胃腺发达，至幽门部胃腺逐渐消失。肠短，由具微绒毛的单层柱状上皮构成，小肠前段绒毛分支多且相互吻合，毛细血管丰富，平滑肌多。直肠单层柱状上皮与假复层纤毛柱状上皮共存。海鳗消化道组织结构特点反映了其凶猛、食肉、食量大的食性特点。 相似文献
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养殖条石鲷消化道形态构造及组织学观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用解剖学和光学显微镜检术研究了养殖条石鲷（Oplegnathus fasciatus）消化道的形态学和组织学特性。条石鲷消化道包括口咽腔、食道、胃、幽门盲囊和肠。条石鲷口咽腔较大,颌齿愈合成鹦鹉喙嘴状,舌半椭圆形。食道较短,显微组织可分为4层：粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌肉层和浆膜层,上皮含有极少量杯状细胞和黏液分泌细胞。胃膨大,呈V形,和食道一样分为4层,粘膜层表皮下含有发达的胃腺。小肠组织分为3层：粘膜层、肌肉层和浆膜层。直肠组织结构类似于小肠。小肠和直肠上皮中均分布有较多的杯状细胞。文章对养殖条石鲷消化道的形态学和组织学特征与其食性的适应关系作了探讨。 相似文献
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三倍体栉孔扇贝的生殖腺观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri)的繁殖季节，对人工诱导的三倍体栉孔扇贝的生殖腺进行了外观，组织学及电镜观察，结果表明，三本栉孔扇贝的生殖腺外观呈透明状，分不出雌雄，组织切片观察，三倍体雌性的生殖腺滤泡细胞数量少，为一大的空腔，沿滤泡壁排列着单层不连续的卵原细胞，呈不规则形态，另外有许多三倍体的生殖腺组织内含有大量的不定性细胞，可能是尚未分化的生殖细胞，分布在稀少的滤泡内及及其周围，未发现卵原细胞和精原细胞，无法根据滤泡的组织学牧场生区分雌雄，在检查的样品中未发现雄性个体，电镜下观察到了三倍体的精母细胞，细胞结构呈梭形，核开始收缩，细胞质内线粒体较发达，但与二倍体相比细胞及线粒体数量稀少，说明三倍体栉孔扇贝存在着雄性个体，生殖细胞增殖分化出精原细胞和少数初级精母细胞后即停止了发育。 相似文献
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Bioaccumulation of mercury and histomorphological changes in the olfactory epithelium of Labeo rohita were investigated after exposing the fish to two sublethal concentrations of HgCl2 (66 and 132 μg/L) for 15 and 30 days. Mercury deposition increased in the tissue significantly (p < 0.05) with dose- and duration-dependent manner. Severe damage to the olfactory epithelium was evident. When fish exposed to 66 μg/L for 15 days, the histology of olfactory epithelium exhibited that mucous cell proliferation was upregulated and cell size was significantly increased from the control. Similar trends were found in 30 days exposure in both treated groups. Histology showed that mercury induced degeneration of columnar sensory cells, supporting cells and ciliated non-sensory cells and induced basal cell proliferation. Basal cell hyperplasia led to form intraepithelial proliferative lesion, thickening of epithelium, basal lamina disruption and cyst formation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that mercury exposure at 66 μg/L caused clumping and loss of cilia, erosion in microridges on the supporting cells and proliferation of mucous cell opening. Complete degeneration of ciliated cells and cyst formation was observed in the fish when exposed to 132 μg/L HgCl2. This result suggests that prolonged exposure to mercury might cause irreversible damage to the olfactory epithelium and impair the olfactory function of fish. 相似文献
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Gill epithelia from freshwater rainbow trout can be grown in primary culture in Leibovitz's L-15 medium, by seeding freshly
isolated gill cells on two successive days, from two different fish, directly onto permeable filter supports (DSI technique).
This preparation allows the measurement of transepithelial resistance (TER) and exposure of the apical surface to freshwater,
as in vivo. New culture methods were developed and evaluated, using TER as an indicator of epithelial integrity, in an effort to improve
the utility of the preparation for proteomic and toxicological research. TER was not related to cell density or protein content
in DSI epithelia. To eliminate bovine proteins, the 5% foetal bovine serum (FBS) normally required for epithelial development
was replaced with trout plasma. While previously frozen trout plasma proved toxic, freshly collected heparinized plasma, provided
by chronically cannulated adult trout, was not. The use of 5% fresh trout plasma supported a TER development curve identical
to that with 5% FBS, a useful advance for proteomic research because foreign (bovine) proteins are eliminated. However, 10%
plasma reduced TER development, and 100% plasma abolished it. The inhibitory effect on TER of high plasma levels was seen
only early in epithelial development, and was exerted from the apical side, likely an effect on tight junction formation.
Mature plasma-supplemented preparations mounted a TER rise in response to apical freshwater exposure comparable to that of
FBS-supplemented epithelia. Yolk-sac fry extract was inhibitory to TER development, even in the presence of 5% FBS. Transfer
of mature epithelia from 18 °C to 4 °C maintained stable TER and extended the useable lifespan by at least ten days, thereby
facilitating storage of preparations for toxicity testing. A new method of growing epithelia, involving only a single seeding
of cells from a single fish, directly onto filter inserts (SDSI technique), provided mature epithelia with much lower TER,
a smaller TER response to apical freshwater, and lower cell density and protein content than DSI epithelia. These SDSI epithelia
offer the advantage of multiple preparations grown directly from unique individuals for in vitro toxicity testing.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献