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杨树紫纹羽病发生与防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近几年杨树紫纹羽病在苏鲁两省发生严重,受害杨树品种主要为中菏1号杨、中菏2号杨、I-107杨、I-69杨、I-72杨和中林46杨,其林木的发病率高达80 %以上.经定点研究已知该病由卷担子菌Helicobasidium brebissonii(Dosm.)Donk]引起,并已了解该病的发病症状及发病规律.其药剂防治试验结果表明,用WP100倍的40 %福美砷、14.5 %多效灵和70 %甲基托布津药液灌根后作晾土处理的防治效果均在70 %以上.其病情指数从防治前的25～30下降到防治后的11.7～15.0.其中以用40%福美砷药液灌根后晾土处理的防治效果最好. 相似文献
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《林业科学》2017,(7)
【目的】枯草芽孢杆菌Y13UV对油茶炭疽病具有良好的防治效果,研究其在油茶体内的定殖动态,为油茶炭疽病的防治提供依据。【方法】通过原生质体转化法引入绿色荧光蛋白质粒,构建荧光标记菌株。通过喷叶、灌根、喷叶灌根结合处理多种接种方式及重复接种,测定菌株在油茶体内不同组织部位的定殖数量,分析其定殖规律及能力。【结果】标记菌株可以在油茶根、茎和叶内定殖,单次接种当天,根内回收的标记菌株数量为1.07×10~5cfu·g~(-1);喷叶灌根结合处理7天后,油茶根、茎和叶内标记菌株的数量分别为8.70×10~2、5.00×10~2和7.30×10~2cfu·g~(-1),均高于喷叶、灌根单独处理。重复接种时,油茶根茎叶内标记菌株的定殖量在接种3~5天内达到高峰,然后呈现稳定趋势,20天时定殖量开始大幅下降,第30天喷叶灌根处理的油茶根内的定殖量仅为5.30×10~2cfu·g~(-1)。荧光标记菌株生长较好,稳定表达,对炭疽病菌具有良好的抑制效果。【结论】枯草芽孢杆菌Y13~(UV)能通过喷叶灌根方式接种在油茶体内定殖并传导,有较好的定殖能力。 相似文献
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为了找出适合在朝阳市油松立枯病防治中应用的药剂类型以及施药方式,开展了不同药剂(2%硫酸亚铁水溶液、25%多菌灵400倍液、50%甲基托布津800倍液、5‰高锰酸钾水溶液)及其不同施用方式(土壤消毒、灌根、喷药)对油松立枯病防治效果试验。结果表明:3种施药方式中以土壤灌根的效果最好;4种药剂中以2%硫酸亚铁水溶液效果最好,其在灌根处理对油松立枯病的防治效果可达81%以上。 相似文献
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近几年杨树紫纹羽病在苏鲁两省发生严重，受害杨树品种主要为中菏1号杨、中菏2号杨、I-107杨、I-69杨、I-72杨和中林46杨，其林木的发病率高达80％以上。经定点研究已知该病由卷担子菌Helicobasidium brebissonii（Dosm．）Donk]引起，并已了解该病的发病症状及发病规律。其药剂防治试验结果表明，用WP100倍的4JD％福美砷、14．5％多效灵和70％甲基托布津药液灌根后作晾土处理的防治效果均在70％以上。其病情指数从防治前的25—30下降到防治后的11．7—15．0。其中以用40％福美砷药液灌根后晾土处理的防治效果最好。 相似文献
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古柏主要病虫害防治技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对南阳市博物馆194株百年以上的古柏调查，发现危害古柏的病虫害主要有6种，试验表明采取树干喷施“绿色威雷”、涂药环、虫孔注药、熏杀、灌根并结合营林措施进行防治效果较好。 相似文献
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研究了３种新型高效杀菌剂对葡萄霜霉病的防治。霜疫必克，瑞毒霜和甲霜灵对葡萄霜霉病的防治效果均显著，同时也推荐１种新的方法，这种方法是用瑞毒灌根法防治葡萄霜霉病。 相似文献
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沙棘木蠹蛾对沙棘危害十分严重，应用20％中西杀菊酯500倍液，50％对硫磷1000倍液，3％钾拌磷粉剂，采取灌根或树干基部埋粉剂的方法防治其幼虫，30天防治效果可达85％以上。 相似文献
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选用7种化学杀虫剂对长鞘卷叶甲成虫进行室内毒力测定,筛选出50%甲好清乳油、40%乐果乳油和90%杀虫单可溶性粉剂等3种杀虫剂的毒力较好,并应用于林间对成虫的防治试验。试验结果表明,分别使用甲好清和乐果的800~1300倍液以及杀虫单的800倍液进行喷雾防治效果较好,用乐果和杀虫单的100倍液进行根灌防治效果较好,用甲好清和乐果的10倍液进行注干防治效果较好,可适当应用于林间防治。 相似文献
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草木灰在林业上的应用□白兆文１、巧治根蛆。花木苗期易在根部产生大量根蛆，用农药波灌根防治常不能如愿，而用草木灰防治效果达９０％以上。方法是在开沟种植前，按每亩２０公斤将草木灰施入沟中，下种覆土；或在苗期按每亩１５公斤，把草木灰均匀撒于畦面，锄匀，使灰... 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献