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气候变化对黄土高原苹果主产地物候期的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《果树学报》2020,(3)
【目的】黄土高原苹果产区是我国苹果种植面积和产量最大的地区,开展气候变化对苹果物候期的影响研究,可为应对气候变化和指导该地区苹果生产提供科学依据。【方法】选取万荣、洛川和西峰作为黄土高原苹果产区代表站,利用1994—2018年各地苹果芽开放期、展叶始期、始花期、可采成熟期、叶变色末期和落叶末期物候数据,分析不同物候期及生长阶段长度的变化趋势,并利用偏最小二乘回归法,从日尺度层面,分析气温和降水变化对各物候期的影响。【结果】近25年来,黄土高原苹果主产地气候呈暖湿变化特征,受其影响,春季物候期呈提前趋势,秋季物候期呈推迟趋势,果实生长发育期和果树生长季呈延长趋势。平均气温对春秋两季物候期均有显著影响,影响时段内气温每升高1℃,春季各物候期将提前2.20～4.15 d,秋季落叶期将推迟3.58～7.77 d;降水量主要影响秋季物候期,影响时段内降水量每变化1 mm,叶变色末期将提前0.07～0.40 d,落叶末期将推迟0.12～0.55 d。各主产地间,万荣受气候变化影响最大,其次是西峰和洛川。【结论】气温对物候期的影响大于降水,且气温主要影响春季物候期,而降水主要影响秋季物候期;各物候期中,芽开放期、展叶始期和始花期主要受气温影响,叶变色末期主要受降水影响,落叶末期受温度和降水共同影响,而可采成熟期与气温和降水均无显著相关关系。 相似文献
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梨物候期间的相关性和相关遗传 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者试验研究了梨的10个杂交亲本,以及11个杂交组合的514个杂种实生苗的物候期,其中包括萌芽期、开花期、果实成熟期和落叶期。并且比较了各物候期间的相关性和相关遗传现象。结果表明:萌芽期与开花期之间有高度显著的正相关;萌芽期与成熟期,开花期与成熟期之间也都表现有显著的负相关;落叶期与其它各物候期之间则相关不显著或不存在相关性。 杂种的各个物候期与其杂交亲本有依赖关系,表现出亲本对后代的遗传效应,因此可以通过亲本的选择来估计杂种的表现。此外,亲本与杂种间,萌芽期与开花期,萌芽期与果实成熟期,以及开花期与成熟期方面,都表现出明显的相关遗传现象。因此在一定范围内对杂种实生苗可以根据某一物候期来预测另一相关物候期的到来,从而指出了在实生苗结果前的萼期阶段进行早期鉴定的可能性。 相似文献
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板栗结果枝叶片矿质营养特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以板栗"3113"为试材,研究了不同物候期结果枝叶片主要矿质元素含量的动态变化及相关性,以期为板栗的营养诊断和施肥提供依据。结果表明:不同物候期,结果枝叶片N、P、K含量随物候期均呈下降趋势,Ca、Fe、Mn含量随物候期均呈上升趋势;B含量在开花授粉期较低,之后随物候期上升,Cu含量变化则呈相反趋势;Mg含量几乎不随物候期变化;不同物候期叶片主要矿质元素含量变化存在一定的相关性,其中N与P、Fe与Mn含量变化呈显著正相关;N、P和K与Ca、K与Mg、Cu与Fe、Mn含量变化均呈显著负相关;其它矿质元素间相关性均不显著;开花授粉期和果实膨大期是板栗需肥较多的时期,建议在5月下旬追施Ca、B复合肥,在6月上旬追施N、P、K、Cu复合肥,在8月下旬分别追施N、P、K复合肥和Fe、Mn,但施肥时需注意元素间的拮抗作用;幼果期叶片主要矿质元素含量变化较缓慢,为营养诊断时期。 相似文献
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采用实地观察和分析的方法,研究日光温室栽培杏树的物候期对温度变化的影响。结果表明:日光温室内杏树物候期与露地相比发生了明显变化,生长前期同一物候期比露地延长,到果实硬核期后,同一物候期则明显缩短。1月份日光温室内气温可达到10.2～11.4℃,温室内杏树萌芽、开花、新梢生长几乎同时进行,而此时地温(20cm)为5.8～10.2℃,根系未进入快速生长期,落花现象较重。日光温室内杏树在果实着色期及成熟期时温差较室外小,分别为10.5～12.0℃,不利优质果品生产。 相似文献
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通过定株对7种壳斗科常绿树种的物候期进行定期观察,基本掌握了各树种在南京地区的物候期和各生育期维持的时间,为壳斗科常绿耐寒树种在江苏地区的推广利用提供了依据。结果表明:7种植物生长适应性良好,6种植物开花结果正常,东南柯未见坐果期。不同属间壳斗科常绿树种的物候期存在差异,2种青冈属常绿树种花期较短,平均11.50 d,2种石栎属常绿树种果实次年发育成熟,且花期较长,平均为36 d;栎属常绿树种(乌冈栎)花期出现较早,为4月,时长较短为18 d;栲属常绿树种(苦槠)花期较短,为15 d。石栎属3个种间物候期差异最大,表现为石栎萌芽最迟,绵石栎花期较长,东南柯物候期不完整。 相似文献
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甘蔗渣培养基栽培木耳过程中主要组分的降解和有关酶活的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实验以甘蔗渣加少量麦麸栽培毛木耳和光木耳,在栽培的不同阶段分析测定培养物的的主要化学组成成分和有关酶活性的变化。结果表明,两种木耳利用栽培底物的能力有明显差别;在栽培后期,毛木耳和光木耳分别消耗纤维素为74%和43%,半纤维素为78%和61%,木质素寿60%和35%。不过它们对这些底物的消耗又具有相似的阶段性变化的特点,即在子实体形成期的消耗速率都比菌丝生长期快。培养物的纤维素酶和半纤维素酶的活性也有阶段性变化特点。底物降解速率的变化与酶活水平的变化之间有一定对应关系,其中尤以毛木耳较明显。实验还分析培养物的过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化,简要地讨论了它们在栽培底物降解中的作用。 相似文献
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不同光周期下黄瓜和番茄幼苗生长与ZT和IAA的相关性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究不同光周期（12、14、16、18 和20 h · d-1）对黄瓜和番茄幼苗生长的影响,探讨不同
光周期下幼苗生长与ZT 和IAA 含量的关系。结果表明：随着光周期的延长,黄瓜和番茄幼苗株高有降
低趋势,番茄幼苗的可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量逐渐升高;光周期达到16 h · d-1 时,叶面积达到最大值,
壮苗指数显著高于12 和14 h · d-1 处理;随着光周期的延长,番茄叶片中ZT 和IAA 含量逐渐升高,茎中
逐渐降低,且与番茄叶面积和株高成线性回归相关,黄瓜幼苗株高与茎中IAA 含量、根鲜质量与根中ZT
含量成正线性回归相关。总体而言,光周期设置在16 h · d-1 时有利于促进黄瓜和番茄幼苗的生长,培育
壮苗。推测光周期通过调控黄瓜和番茄幼苗ZT 和IAA 含量的变化来影响其生长发育。 相似文献
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The structural diagrams of apple trees are the comprehensive reflection of the effects of their training and pruning as well as their physiological and ecological characteristics and yield. However, there have been few research reports on the characteristics of the structural diagrams of apple trees. The study investigated the fractal dimension numbers and fractal characteristics of the two-dimensional images of 5-year-old and 10-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple trees trained to the tall spindle configuration and the open-center configuration employing box-counting in combination with the image processing technology of the Photoshop. The two-dimensional images of apple trees with the different configurations differed and varied with their ages. The fractal dimension numbers of the two-dimensional images of the 10-year-old apple trees with the tall spindle configuration and with the open-center configuration were 1.6625 and 1.6531 respectively while the fractal dimension numbers of the two-dimensional images of the 5-year-old apple trees with the tall spindle configuration and with the open-center configuration were 1.6429 and 1.6377 respectively. As the age of the apple trees increased, the spatial quantities and distributions of trunks and branches got slightly intensified, and the fractal dimension numbers of their two-dimensional images and the apple yield increased correspondingly. The comparison of the fractal characteristics of the apple trees with the same age, which were trained to the different configurations, revealed that under the same age, the branch quantities and the apple yield of the apple trees with the tall spindle configuration were higher than those with the open-center configuration, so that under the same age the fractal dimension numbers with the tall spindle configuration were higher than those with the open-center configuration. These results showed that the fractal dimension number of the two-dimensional images of apple trees depended upon their trunk and bough distribution and at the same time it increased with their apple yield as well. Therefore, the fractal dimension numbers of the two-dimensional images of apple trees could be employed as an indicator for assessing training and pruning effects on apple trees and their fruit yield. 相似文献
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为探讨杜鹃花属（Rhododendron）植物的耐碱性机理，以3个杜鹃花园艺栽培品种‘胭脂蜜’（R. obtusum‘Yanzhimi’）、‘红珊瑚’（R. obtusum‘Hongshanhu’）及‘红月’（R. obtusum‘Hongyue’）为试验材料，对植株进行为期2个月的NaHCO3和Na2CO3混合碱胁迫处理，观察植株在碱胁迫下的形态变化并测定叶片叶绿体、线粒体和细胞溶质3个亚细胞部位中活性氧及抗氧化体系的活性。结果表明：根据碱害指数，3个杜鹃花品种耐碱性从高到低依次为‘胭脂蜜’>‘红珊瑚’>‘红月’。在碱胁迫下，3个品种的3个亚细胞部位中H2O2和超氧阴离子水平显著提高，导致MDA含量增加，抗氧化酶的变化存在品种间差异。‘胭脂蜜’的3个亚细胞部位中SOD、POD、CAT和GR酶活性显著提高，APX在叶绿体和细胞溶质中的活性显著上升；而‘红珊瑚’仅叶绿体中的CAT和APX、线粒体中的SOD、POD和CAT以及细胞溶质中的SOD、GR活性显著提高；‘红月’的SOD活性在线粒体和细胞溶质中显著提高，CAT活性在叶绿体和线粒体中显著提高，POD及APX活性显著下降，GR活性无显著变化。碱胁迫下，3个品种的非酶促抗氧化剂AsA和GSH含量在叶绿体中降低，在线粒体和细胞溶质中增加。抗碱性强的‘胭脂蜜’在碱胁迫后ROS水平较稳定，MDA含量较低，SOD、POD、APX和GR活性较高。3个亚细胞部位比较发现，细胞溶质中H2O2和超氧阴离子的水平显著高于线粒体和叶绿体，抗氧化酶SOD、POD和GR及抗氧化剂AsA和GSH也主要分布在细胞溶质中，活性氧与抗氧化系统的亚细胞分布具有较高的一致性；APX主要分布在叶绿体中；CAT在线粒体活性最高。碱胁迫下不同亚细胞部位活性氧积累和过氧化损伤程度不同，相应的抗氧化防御体系在各亚细胞的响应也不同，细胞溶质是杜鹃花活性氧产生和清除的主要场所。 相似文献
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为了明确茄子嫁接后砧木、接穗残株的再生进程及再次嫁接利用的可行性,以茄砧1号、园杂471为砧木和接穗品种,研究砧木、接穗残株再生苗的生长发育进程,并比较残株再生苗嫁接与初次嫁接苗的愈合情况和生长指标。结果表明:茄子嫁接后砧木残株扦插再生、接穗残株腋芽再生30 d左右均可形成健壮的幼苗,植株茎粗可达2.5 mm左右,与播种育苗相比,砧木、接穗分别缩短育苗时间约45、10 d;利用砧木、接穗残株进行嫁接,嫁接苗成活率、木质部输导能力、砧/穗接合力及35 d嫁接苗净生长量与初次嫁接苗无显著差异。茄子残株嫁接苗砧木与接穗培养成本明显低于初次嫁接苗,按万株嫁接苗计,可节约生产成本696.4元。综上,茄子嫁接后砧/穗残株可以嫁接再利用,并可提高经济效益。 相似文献
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Relationships between landforms,geomorphic processes,and plant communities on a watershed in the northern Chihuahuan Desert 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The close correlation of plant communities to landforms and geomorphic surfaces resulted from differences in the redistribution
of water and organic matter between landform in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Biotic processes are limited by water and
nitrogen, and the interactions between landforms, geomorphic processes, soils, and plant communities control the redistribution
of these limiting resources within internally drained catchments. Geomorphic processes are regulated by the geologic structure
and gross topographic relief of internally drained catchments over geological time scales. Land forming processes can be viewed
as static at time scales of 10's to 100's of years, with individual landforms regulating geomorphic processes, namely erosion
and deposition resulting from the horizontal redistribution of water within the catchment. The vegetation composition is a
critical feedback, reinforcing the erosional or depositional geomorphic processes that dominate each landform.
The Jornada Long-Term Ecological Research site may be one of the simplest cases in which to decipher the relationship between
landforms, geomorphic processes and plant communities. However, these geomorphic processes are common to all internally drained
catchments throughout the Basin and Range Province, and result in the development of characteristic landforms and associated
vegetation communities. Although the patterns may be modified by differences in parent material, watershed size, and land
use history — erosional, depositional, and transportational landforms can still be identified.
The sharpness of ecotones between plant communities on individual landforms is related to the degree to which landforms are
linked through the flow of water and sediment. Sharp ecotones occurred at the transition from depositional to erosional landforms
where little material was transferred and steep environmental gradients are maintained. Gradual ecotones occurred at the transition
from erosional to depositional landforms where large quantities of material were transferred leading to the development of
a gradual environmental gradient.
The relationships between geomorphic processes and vegetation communities that we describe have important implications for
understanding the desertification of grasslands throughout semi-arid regions of North America. Disturbances such as grazing
and climate change alter the composition of plant communities, thereby affecting the feedbacks to geomorphic processes, eventually
changing drainage patterns and the spatial patterns of plant communities supported within the landscape. 相似文献
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桃果实和叶片中糖分的季节变化及其与碳代谢酶活性的关系研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以晚熟的艳丰一号桃为试材,研究了果实和叶片中可溶性糖、淀粉及相关酶活性的变化。结果表明,在果实生长发育早期,果实和叶片中的可溶性糖主要是还原糖,中后期,还原糖维持在相对较低的水平上,非还原糖大量积累;在整个果实生长发育期间,果实中蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖含量显著地高于叶片,而叶片中山梨醇和淀粉含量则显著地高于果实;叶片中蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖含量和果实中山梨醇含量较稳定,在整个生长季节中差异较小;在整个生长发育期间蔗糖在果实中持续积累,尤其是在成熟前急剧增加,果实内葡萄糖和果糖含量在生长发育前期总体呈下降趋势,中后期维持在一个相对较低的水平上;叶片中山梨醇含量在生长前期下降,之后维持在相对稳定状态。在整个果实生长发育期间果实中果糖含量与NI、SS和SDH活性及葡萄糖含量与SS和SDH活性呈显著正相关;叶片中葡萄糖含量与SDH活性呈显著正相关且果糖含量与SS和ADPGPPase活性呈显著负相关,此外叶片中蔗糖含量与SPS活性呈显著正相关,但果实中蔗糖含量与SPS不存在任何相关性。因此认为各主要糖的合成与转化在叶片和果实中可能存在着不同的酶调控机制。 相似文献
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AIM: In order to search carrier material and better tissue culture method, the morphology and structure of the cultured cat corneal endothelium was observed. METHODS: The cat corneal endothelial cells were seeded on the Descemet's membrane of the dehydrated swine corneal stroma, and then cultured in the medium with epidermal growth factor and laminin for 7 days. The morphology and structure of reconstructed tissue was tested by the inverted microscope and the scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: As shown by the morphological observations, the cultured cat corneal endothelial cells formed an integrated membrane, and attached to the Descemet's membrane, which was similar to the nature tissue. The cells connected tightly to each other, and some of them arranged in hexagon approximately. CONCLUSION: The cat corneal endothelial cells could be rebuilt on the carrier of the dehydrated swine corneal stroma successfully, which is similar to the nature tissue. 相似文献
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方位及冠层对核桃内果皮木质素形成及相关酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】明确核桃果实发育过程中不同光照强度对内果皮中木质素、相关酶活性影响的动态变化规律。【方法】以核桃品种’新新2号’为试验材料,研究了树冠不同方位、不同冠层对内果皮中木质素含量、相关酶活性的变化规律,并进行了相关性分析。【结果】在不同方位、不同冠层上,木质素含量随着核桃果实的生长发育呈持续增加趋势;PAL、POD酶活性强弱的排序依次为:南面上层>南面中层>南面下层>北面上层>北面中层>北面下层>中部上层>中部中层>中部下层;PPO酶活性强弱的排序依次为:北面下层>北面中层>北面上层>中部下层>中部中层>中部上层>南面下层>南面中层>南面上层。相关性分析表明,木质素含量与POD酶活性呈极显著正相关(p<0.01,r=0.808**),与PPO酶活性呈负相关。【结论】树冠南面和上层接受的光照强度最大,木质素含量最高,PAL、POD酶活性最强;PPO酶活性最低;木质素含量与POD酶活性呈极显著正相关(p<0.01,r=0.808**),表明光照强度诱导了核桃果实内果皮中木质素的积累及相关酶活性的增强。 相似文献