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1.
Six strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae were isolated from farmed wild boars with acute septicemic erysipelas during the period from 1983 to 1998 in Japan. All isolates belonged to serovar 1a or 2 (predominant serovars in swine). The 50 per cent lethal dose values of those isolates ranged from 10(1.3)to 10(6.2)colony forming units in mice. In swine, all isolates were virulent, capable of inducing localized or generalized urticarial lesions after intradermal inoculation. All of the isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline and/or dihydrostreptomycin. These observations suggest that E. rhusiopathiae strains isolated from wild boars may have aetiological significance in swine erysipelas.  相似文献   

2.
Mice and swine vaccinated (subcutaneous inoculation) with live acriflavine-fast attenuated Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, strain Koganei 65-0.15 (serovar 2), were challenge exposed with 10 strains of E rhusiopathiae pathogenic for swine; the latter strains comprised serovars 9 and 10 and other previously undetermined. Vaccinated mice did not die after they were challenge exposed (subcutaneous inoculation) with serovars 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, or N, but vaccinated mice challenge exposed with strain 2553 (serovar 20) had 30% mortality. Nonvaccinated control mice died after they were challenge exposed with all serovars tested. One of 2 vaccinated swine challenge exposed (intradermal inoculation) with each of strains 911 (serovar 8), 2179 (serovar 10), or 2553 developed localized urticarial lesion at the site of intradermal inoculation. Vaccinated swine challenge exposed with serovars 4, 6, 7, 9, 15, 16, or N did not have clinical signs of acute swine erysipelas. Nonvaccinated control swine developed localized lesions at the site of intradermal challenge inoculation.  相似文献   

3.
Mice and swine inoculated subcutaneously with culture filtrate vaccine prepared from acriflavine-fast attenuated Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strain Koganei 65-0.15 (serovar 2), were challenge exposed to 20 pathogenic strains of E rhusiopathiae of 18 serovars and type N. Vaccinated mice survived after challenge exposure to serovars 1b, 2, 8 (strain Goda), and type N, but mortality occurred in vaccinated mice challenge exposed to other strains: 20% to 30% mortality in mice challenge exposed to serovars 1a, 11, 12, 15, 16, or 21; 40% to 50% mortality in mice challenge exposed to serovars 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 (strain 911); and 60% to 80% mortality in mice challenge exposed to serovars 9, 10, 18, or 19. All vaccinated mice died after challenge exposure with strain 2553 (serovar 20). Non-vaccinated control mice died after challenge exposure to all strains. Of 2 vaccinated swine challenge exposed to strain 2553, 1 developed a local urticarial lesion at the site of intradermal exposure. Vaccinated swine challenge exposed to serovars 1a, 1b, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, or type N did not have clinical signs of acute erysipelas. Nonvaccinated control swine developed acute generalized erysipelas or localized urticarial lesions at the site of intradermal exposure.  相似文献   

4.
Erysipelothrix strains were isolated from the tonsils of 46 (15.0%) of 307 apparently healthy slaughter pigs in Thailand during the period of August to September, 1997. A total of 27 of the 46 Erysipelothrix isolates could be classified into 5 serovars but the remaining 19 were untypable in this study. Of the 25 isolates serologically identified as Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, 20, 4, and 1 isolates belonged to serovars 2, 12, and 17, respectively. Only 2 isolates from the tonsils belonged to Erysipelothrix tonsillarum and represented either serovar 7 or 10. Although the periods and the districts of the survey were limited, the information obtained in the present investigation demonstrates the presence of a variety of serovars in pigs in Thailand. Of 29 selected isolates belonging to serovars 2, 7, 10, 12, 17, and untypable, only 5 (17.2%) were virulent for both mice and pigs. Five of these virulent isolates belonging to serovars 2 and 12 killed less than 30% of mice immunized with a swine erysipelas bacterin commercially available in Thailand, suggesting that the vaccine elicited a sufficient immunity to these field isolates.  相似文献   

5.
Swine erysipelas vaccines are routinely used to protect pigs against peracute and acute/urticarial forms of Erysipelothrix. Between 1995 and 1998, 34 swine herds across four Australian states experienced vaccine failure. Forty-four isolates of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of serovars 2, 1a, 1b and 1bx21 were recovered from 15 of these 34 vaccine breakdown herds. These isolates were characterised by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses using RsaI and AluI on whole cell DNA and for the presence of plasmid DNA. Results were compared with those of 20 isolates from 16 herds unaffected by vaccine breakdown and 13 isolates representing 10 reference strains. The majority of breakdown herds possessed isolates of serovar 2 (9/15 herds), followed by serovar 1a (5 herds). No geographic predominance of a single serovar was evident. The identification of 10 RsaI profiles from whole cell DNA among the 44 isolates from 15 breakdown herds indicated that a single, new clonal lineage of E. rhusiopathiae was not responsible for vaccine failure. RsaI RFLP analyses detected a further 14 distinct profiles among 20 field strains unassociated with vaccine breakdowns, and none matched profiles of the 10 serovar reference strains for serovars 1a, 1b, 2 or 21. This technique is recommended for epidemiological studies of E. rhusiopathiae strains.  相似文献   

6.
Serovars of 79 Erysipelothrix isolates recovered from the tonsils of healthy slaughtered cattle over a 1-year period in Japan were determined by an agar double-diffusion precipitation system using typing sera representing all the known serovars, 1 through 23 and type N, of Erysipelothrix. A total of 43 out of the 79 Erysipelothrix isolates could be classified into nine serovars but the remaining 36 isolates were untypable. Of 42 isolates identified as Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, 4, 6, 2, 3, 1,12, 13 and 1 isolates belonged to serovars 1b, 2, 5, 9, 12, 13, 19 and 21, respectively. One isolate belonged to Erysipelothrix tonsillarum serovar 3.  相似文献   

7.
The protective effect of porcine antiserum prepared against culture filtrate (CF) of an attenuated strain of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (serovar 2) in mice to challenge with 20 virulent strains of 18 serovars and one type N was investigated. Passively immunized mice survived after challenge with serovars 1a, 1b, 2, 5, 6, 8 (strain Goda), 11, 12, 15, 16, 21 or type N, but 10-30% mortality occurred in immunized mice challenged with each strain of serovars 4, 7, 8 (strain 911), 9, 18 or 19 and 70% mortality to serovar 10 (strain 2179). All immunized mice died after challenge with serovar 20 (strain 2553). Non-treated control mice died after challenge with all serovars and the type tested.  相似文献   

8.
Prevalence of Haemophilus parasuis serovars among isolates from swine.   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  
Two hundred sixty Haemophilus spp isolates that had been obtained from the respiratory tract and other sites of swine were acquired from diagnostic laboratories, primarily in the United States and Canada. The majority of isolates (243/260) were biochemically characterized as H parasuis; however, a few isolates of taxa distinct from H parasuis (taxa "minor group," D, E, and F) were identified. Fourteen H parasuis serovars were identified, and of those previously described, the most prevalent were 5 (24.3% of isolates), 4 (16.1%), 2 (8.2%), and 7 (3.7%). Three new serovars that were also prevalent included ND4 (11.1%), ND3 (8.6%), and ND5 (6.6%). Serovars 1, 3, 6, C, D, and new serovars ND1 and ND2 were infrequently identified, and 15.2% of isolates were nontypeable. It was not uncommon to isolate multiple serovars from swine of the same herd or related herds. Distribution of serovars among isolates from the United States and Canada was generally similar; however, a higher prevalence of serovar 5 and a lower prevalence of serovars 2, ND3, and ND5 were evident in isolates from Canada. Comparison of isolates obtained from the respiratory tract of swine without polyserositis with those obtained from swine with polyserositis revealed an increased frequency of serovars 4 and 5, and a decreased frequency of serovar 2, among isolates from swine with polyserositis. However, all prevalent serovars were isolated from swine with polyserositis, and data were not indicative of an association between serovar, site of isolation, or pathogenic potential.  相似文献   

9.
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from tonsils of 245 (35.7%) of 687 apparently healthy slaughter pigs in Indonesia during the period of June 1987 to February 1988. A total of 150 of the 245 E. rhusiopathiae isolated could be serotyped within the 22 recognized serotypes. Serotype 2 was most prevalent with 23.7%, followed by Serotypes 11, 12, 1a, 5 and 6 representing 7.3, 5.3, 4.9, 4.9 and 4.1% of the isolates, respectively. The nine other serotypes (Serotypes 1b, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 19 and 22) combined to make up 11.0% of the isolates. Antibiotic-resistant strains were not found. Of 86 selected isolates belonging to various serotypes, 76 (88.4%) were highly virulent for mice (LD50 less than 10(3.0) colony-forming units). In swine, 40 (51.2%) of 78 isolates induced local or generalized urticarial lesions after intradermal inoculation, and the remaining 38 isolates induced no clinical signs. Of 76 isolates used for challenge in the cross-protection study, 29 (38.2%) killed greater than 40% of mice immunized with an erysipelas bacterin marketed in Indonesia. A tendency to be refractory to the bacterin-induced immunity was observed in some isolates of various serotypes, but this characteristic was not consistent.  相似文献   

10.
The pathogenicity of 2 isolates of each of serovars 7, 3, 1 and 2 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was tested by intranasal inoculation into 60, 6-week-old large white pigs. Four dose rates varying from 0.27 to 560 x 10(6) organisms per pig with 10-fold serial dilutions were used. Surviving pigs were necropsied 7 days after inoculation. The proportion of pigs dying and developing gross lesions following infection was significantly greater for pigs given serotype 1 than for each of the other 3 serotypes, which did not differ significantly from each other. Twelve of 16 pigs given either of the 2 isolates of serovar 1 died after acute illness and 1 of 44 pigs given either of the 2 isolates each of serovars 7, 3 and 2 died. Pigs given serovar 1 showed high temperatures, severe respiratory distress, frothy haemorrhagic nasal discharge and weight loss. Lung lesions were produced in all 16 pigs given serovar 1, in 7 of 14 pigs given serovar 7, 7 of 14 pigs receiving serovar 3 and in 5 of 16 pigs given serovar 2. The lethal infections were characterised by a severe acute fibrinohaemorrhagic necrotising pleuropneumonia, whereas non-lethal cases had lung lesions ranging from necrotising purulent pleuropneumonia to abscessation. Significant differences between isolates in proportions of tissues culture positive for A. pleuropneumoniae for serovars 7 and 2, but not for serovars 3 and 1 suggested that isolates may vary in virulence within serovars, but more detailed studies are needed to clarify this point.  相似文献   

11.
Mice and swine immunized subcutaneously with live vaccine prepared from acriflavine-fast attenuated Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, strain Koganei (serotype 2), were challenge exposed to virulent strains of E rhusiopathiae of various serotypes. Vaccinated mice did not die after challenge exposure to serotypes 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, or N, but 20% to 30% mortality occurred in vaccinated mice challenge exposed to serotypes 10, 14, 20, or 22. Nonvaccinated control mice died after challenge exposure to all serotypes tested. Vaccinated swine challenge exposed to strain 14B (serotype 9) or strain 2179 (serotype 10) developed localized urticarial lesions at the site of intradermal exposure. Vaccinated swine challenge exposed to serotypes 1a, 1b, 2, 5, 8, 11, 12, 18, 19, or 21 did not have clinical signs of acute erysipelas. Nonvaccinated control swine developed acute generalized erysipelas or localized lesions at the site of intradermal exposure.  相似文献   

12.
Cattle are commonly infected with pathogenic leptospires, and similarly to rodents, they excrete the bacteria in their urine and can transmit the pathogen from animal to animal or animal to human. Thus, surveillance and monitoring systems for detection of new Leptospira serovars are important for the control of leptospirosis. Here, we report the isolation of a spirochete from a stillborn bovine foetus and its characterization by immunological and molecular techniques. A variable number tandem repeat profile using seven discriminatory primers identified the spirochete as belonging to species Leptospira interrogans serogroup Australis serovar Muenchen. A phenotypic analysis using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against leptospiral membrane-associated proteins confirmed the expression of important virulence and pathogenicity factors (LipL32 and LigBrep). Out of 120 reference sera tested, 22 positive (36.66%) and 9 negative (15%) also reacted with the new isolate. Furthermore, the serovar Muenchen isolate was virulent in hamster model. The animal inoculated developed acute lethal infection characterized by hepatic, pulmonary and renal lesions. Local isolates exhibited unique characteristics that differed from those of reference strains; therefore, isolation of leptospires is useful in the surveillance of local pathogenic serovars. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study can contribute to the epidemiological understanding and control of leptospirosis in southern Brazil.  相似文献   

13.
Swine and mice were vaccinated with standard erysipelas adsorbate bacterins made from Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of serotype 2 and were subsequently exposed to pathogenic strains of E rhusiopathiae, serotypes 1, 2, 4, 9, 10, and 11. Response to challenge of immunity in swine was determined by presence of urticarial lesions at the sites of intradermal injection of culture; response in mice was determined by the quantal (live-dead) method. After vaccination with standard bacterins, swine and mice were significantly more susceptible (P less than of equal to 0.01) to infection with strains of serotypes 9 and 10 than with strains of serotypes 1, 2, 4, or 11. An adsorbate bacterin made from the challenge strain of serotype 10 induced specific immunity to homologous challenge exposure in swine but not in mice. Bacterins made from the other challenge strains induced little or no immunity.  相似文献   

14.
A total of 31 isolates of Haemophilus parasuis obtained from Australian pigs were serotyped by the Kielstein-Rapp-Gabrielson scheme. The isolates were assigned to serovar 1 (1 isolate), serovar 2 (1 isolate), serovar 4 (4 isolates), serovar 5 (7 isolates), serovar 9 (2 isolates), serovar 10/7 (4 isolates), serovar 12 (1 isolate) and serovar 13 (6 isolates). The remaining 5 isolates could not be assigned to a serovar. Two different serovars (5 and 13) were detected in one herd. The only 2 isolates obtained from clinically normal pigs (from the same herd) were serovar 9. The common serovars were isolated from pigs with pneumonia as well as from pigs with conditions of the Glässer's disease type. The serological heterogeneity amongst Australian isolates of H parasuis has important implications for the use of vaccines to control Glässer's disease.  相似文献   

15.
Serological characterization of Haemophilus parasuis isolates from China   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  
Cai X  Chen H  Blackall PJ  Yin Z  Wang L  Liu Z  Jin M 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,111(3-4):231-236
From September 2002 to December 2004, a total of 281 strains of Haemophilus parasuis were isolated from 17 provinces of China. All these isolates were serotyped by both the gel diffusion (GD) and the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) tests. By combining the GD and IHA results, serovar 4 (24.2%) and serovar 5 (19.2%) were the most prevalent serovars, followed by serovars 13 (12.5%), 14 (7.1%) and 12 (6.8%), while 12.1% of the isolates could not be assigned to a serovar (nontypable). A comparison of the number of isolates obtained from the respiratory tract of swine without polyserositis with those obtained from swine with polyserositis revealed an increased frequency of serovar 4 and a significantly decreased frequency of serovar 13 among isolates from the respiratory tract of swine without polyserositis, whereas the frequency of isolation of serovars 5, 12, 14 and nontypable from swine with or without polyserositis were similar. Co-infection of H. parasuis and other bacterial agents was studied in 183 cases examined from June 2003 to December 2004. Streptococcus suis (30.6%; 56), Escherichia coli (21.9%; 40), Bordetella bronchiseptica (21.3%; 39) and Pasteurella multocida (14.2%; 26) were the bacterial agents frequently co-isolated with H. parasuis in China.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVES: To clarify the serological identity of the prototype strain of a group of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates that could not be serotyped in previous studies and to establish the serovar of 378 isolates of A pleuropneumoniae obtained from pigs in Australia over the period 1993 to 1996. DESIGN: After initial validation, QGD and IHA tests were used to characterise the prototype isolate (HS143) selected to represent the cross-reacting isolates that were found in a previous study. Next, 378 recent field isolates of A pleuropneumoniae were characterised using the existing gel diffusion serotyping technique and/or the IHA or QGD tests. RESULTS: The indirect haemagglutination test was shown to be capable of correctly recognising the reference strain for all serovars except serovar 11. While the quantitative gel diffusion test was not as effective as indirect haemagglutination, it could recognise serovar 11. When the two tests were used to examine the prototype strain (HS143) of the cross-reactive isolates, the results indicated that HS143 is serologically distinct from all 12 of the recognised serovars of A pleuropneumoniae. However, as HS143 was subsequently identified as serovar 12 by one of the leading international reference laboratories, the antiserum to isolate HS143 was used as the serovar 12 antiserum. A total of 346 of the 378 A pleuropneumoniae field isolates examined could be confidently serotyped with almost 90% of the isolates being either serovar 1 (104 isolates); serovar 7 (83 isolates) or serovar 12 (142 isolates). A range of other serovars and some cross-reactive isolates made up the remainder of the isolates. CONCLUSION: The serovar 12 antiserum produced against the international reference strain (1096) does not recognise Australian serovar 12 isolates. The antiserum raised against isolate HS143 does recognise the Australian serovar 12 isolates. The dominant serovars of A pleuropneumoniae infecting Australian pigs are (in decreasing order) serovars 12, 1 and 7.  相似文献   

17.
Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were evaluated for their ability to serotype 108 isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum. One MAb (E5C12D10) was raised against a Page serovar A strain and the other (F2E6) against a Page serovar C strain. In both dot blot and hemagglutination-inhibition tests, MAb E5C12D10 recognized the type strains of Page serovar A and Kume serovars A-1, A-2, A-3, and A-4. MAb F2E6 recognized the type strains of Page serovar C and Kume serovars C-1, C-2, and C-3. Neither antibody recognized the type strains of Page serovar B or Kume serovars B-1 and C-4. When evaluated with 97 field isolates in a dot blot test, the MAbs serotyped 81 isolates, which was better than agglutinin typing by the Page scheme (69 isolates serotyped). The field isolates that did not react with the MAbs were either Page serovar B/Kume serovar B-1 (three isolates), Page serovar C/Kume serovar C-4 (12 isolates), or nontypable by either the Page or Kume scheme (one isolate).  相似文献   

18.
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is well known to cause disease in dolphins. This disease occurs either in an peracute way, leading to mortality even before clinical signs are observed or in a sub-acute way, characterized by rhomboidal skin lesions, that can be treated with penicillin or its derivatives. Commercial swine vaccines, containing inactivated serotype 2 strains, are currently used for vaccination but it is not known whether these vaccines induce protection against E. rhusiopathiae isolates from dolphins. In the present study, it was demonstrated in a mouse model that vaccination with a commercial swine vaccine (Eurovac Ery, Eurovet, Belgium) containing inactivated serotype 2 E. rhusiopathiae strains induced protection against challenge with three E. rhusiopathiae isolates from dolphins. The duration of the protection varied, depending on the challenging isolate, between 8 and >23 weeks. There was however no positive correlation between the amount of antibodies at the moment of challenge and the observed protection.In conclusion, vaccination trials in mice indicate that commercial serotype 2 swine Erysipelothrix vaccines induce protection against erysipelas caused by dolphin pathogenic isolates.  相似文献   

19.
The protection and level of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies conferred in infectious coryza bivalent- and trivalent-immunized chickens against Avibacterium (Haemophilus) paragallinarum field isolates of the prevalent serovars in Mexico (A-1, A-2, B-1, and C-2) were investigated. The bivalent bacterin (A-1 and C-1) conferred significant protection and increased HI antibodies against isolates of serovars A-1, A-2, and C-2, but not against a serovar B-1 isolate. The trivalent bacterin (A-1, B-1, and C-2) conferred protection and increased HI antibodies against all four of the isolates. The results confirmed that in poultry areas where serovar B-1 is prevalent, the inclusion of this serovar in bacterins is needed to confer protection against infectious coryza caused by A. (H.) paragallinarum isolates of serovar B-1.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVES: To produce antisera to the 15 recognised reference strains of the Kielstein-Rapp-Gabrielson (KRG) serotyping scheme for Haemophilus parasuis, validate those sera and use them to serotype 46 Australian field isolates of H parasuis. DESIGN: Antisera were produced in rabbits and validated by cross-testing with the reference strains and re-testing 15 Australian field isolates of H parasuis that had been previously serotyped in the United States of America. The validated antisera were then used to determine the serovar of 46 Australian isolates. RESULTS: Monospecific antisera were produced for 14 of the 15 KRG serovars of H parasuis. Two Australian field isolates, confirmed previously as serovars 1 and 7, were used to produce monospecific antisera for serovars 1 and 7 respectively. The antiserum for serovar 4 gave a one-way cross reaction with the antigen of serovar 14. The typing antisera correctly typed all 15 H parasuis that had been previously typed by antisera produced overseas. The 46 field isolates were shown to belong to serovars 2 (two isolates), 4 (one isolate), 5 (18 isolates), 12 (two isolates) and 13 (four isolates). The remaining 19 isolates were non-typable. CONCLUSION: Serotyping of H parasuis isolates is now available in Australia. H parasuis serovars 5 and 13 remain the predominant serovars present in Australian pigs.  相似文献   

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