共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 421 毫秒
1.
人工饲料饲养稻纵卷叶螟的生长发育与繁殖 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用生命表法研究了一种人工饲料饲养的稻纵卷叶螟的生长发育和繁殖。结果表明,人工饲料饲养条件下稻纵卷叶螟幼虫能够完成生长发育并化蛹。幼虫历期28.1 d,蛹历期10.1 d, 较水稻离体叶片饲养分别延长6.1 d和1.7 d。成虫单雌产卵41.6粒,较离体叶片饲养增加26.2%。幼虫种群存活率曲线呈死亡率 年龄降函数,与离体叶片饲养差异不显著。实验种群生命表参数种群净增殖率、内禀增长力和周限增长率分别为17.6928、0.0884和1.0924,平均世代周期和种群加倍时间较离体叶片饲养增加4.9 d和 1.3 d,种群趋势指数为3.26,表明采用人工饲料饲养的稻纵卷叶螟种群数量呈上升趋势。 相似文献
2.
研究了茶尺蠖幼虫为害茶树叶片对儿茶素合成途径的影响。采用3龄茶尺蠖幼虫取食茶树新梢芽下第二叶,测定了儿茶素合成相关基因的表达水平和儿茶素含量。研究结果表明,与对照相比,茶尺蠖幼虫为害后3、6、12βh显著诱导了CsANR基因的相对表达水平,且在为害后3βh和12βh达到了极显著差异。CsLAR基因在茶尺蠖为害后6βh和12βh,与对照具有显著差异。茶尺蠖幼虫为害后24βh显著诱导了没食子酸、没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和表儿茶素没食子酸酯含量的升高,而茶尺蠖为害后48βh仅没食子酸和没食子儿茶素的含量显著高于对照;儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素和没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯在茶尺蠖为害后24βh和48βh均没有被显著诱导。上述结果表明茶尺蠖幼虫为害提高了茶树儿茶素合成途径的代谢强度和儿茶素类化合物的积累。 相似文献
3.
灰茶尺蠖[Ectropis grisescens (Warren)]与茶尺蠖[Ectropis obliqua (Prout)]为茶园两种重要的食叶性害虫,严重影响茶叶的产量和品质。利用年龄-阶段两性生命表,在室内测定两种尺蠖的生长发育指标及年龄-阶段特征存活率、雌成虫年龄-阶段特征繁殖力、年龄-阶段特征寿命期望值、年龄-阶段特征繁殖值和种群参数,并分析各参数的差异。结果表明,灰茶尺蠖的1、2、4、5龄幼虫发育历期、幼虫总历期、蛹期及成虫寿命（分别为3.22、2.55、1.43、4.56、15.34、7.98、7.59 d）均显著低于茶尺蠖（分别为4.07、3.05、2.16、5.71、18.83、8.88、10.65 d）;灰茶尺蠖2~5龄幼虫存活率（分别为100.00%、95.00%、62.00%和96.00%）均高于茶尺蠖（分别为93.00%、71.00%、45.00%和80.00%）;灰茶尺蠖平均世代周期（32.412 d）显著短于茶尺蠖（36.016 d）。灰茶尺蠖年龄-阶段特征存活率、内禀增长率比茶尺蠖高,平均世代周期（T）比茶尺蠖短,其种群能更迅速扩增。研究结果为灰茶尺蠖和茶尺蠖室内种群饲养提供基础数据,为两近缘种的竞争机制及种群控制策略选择提供理论依据。 相似文献
4.
茶树不同成熟度叶片对茶尺蠖发育适合度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用室内饲养方法,研究了取食茶树不同成熟度的叶片对茶尺蠖发育与生殖的影响。结果表明,取食嫩叶有利于茶尺蠖产卵量的增加,成叶有利于茶尺蠖幼虫生长发育,老叶则不利于茶尺蠖取食,尤其对低龄幼虫影响更大。从茶尺蠖生命表参数的变化来看,成叶较有利于茶尺蠖种群的发展,老叶上茶尺蠖种群发展最慢。但是,3种叶片均能维持茶尺蠖完成世代循环。不同茶树叶片化学物质含量分析表明,氨基酸、水分含量是影响茶尺蠖生长发育的主要营养因子。相关性分析显示,茶尺蠖不同发育阶段对叶片营养需求有所不同,嫩叶和成叶的营养成分对茶尺蠖发育存在互补的可能。 相似文献
5.
茶银尺蠖[Scopula subpunctaria (Herrich-Schaeffer)]是危害茶树的常见害虫之一。为了更好地在实验室内饲养此害虫,获得大量供试虫源,研究了补充不同营养对茶银尺蠖成虫寿命和产卵量的影响。结果表明,成虫补充10%蜂蜜水和10%糖水时,雌成虫平均单雌产卵量显著提高,分别为(152.5±16.83)粒和(177.5±19.01)粒;产卵期显著延长,分别为(17.8±1.08) d和(21.4±1.27) d。补充不同营养对雌成虫产卵期和产卵后期有显著影响,但对产卵前期影响不显著。补充10%糖水时,雌成虫的寿命最长,为(29.1±1.41) d,显著高于其他处理;而在10%蜂蜜水、水和对照处理下,雌成虫寿命分别为(23.8±1.15)、(14.4±0.48)、(6.3±0.37) d。补充10%糖水和10%蜂蜜水时,雄成虫的寿命分别为(21.3±0.93) d和(19.5±1.20) d,显著高于水和空白对照处理。在每个处理下,雌成虫的寿命均高于雄成虫。综上所述,10%糖水可作为成虫补充营养的最佳选择。 相似文献
6.
分别用番茄果实、辣椒果实和人工饲料饲养斜纹夜蛾,观察不同食料对斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura Fabricius)的生长发育、存活、不同龄期幼虫的粪便重量、成虫产卵量的影响,组建相应食料下的斜纹夜蛾实验种群生命表.结果表明:喂饲辣椒果实的斜纹夜蛾幼虫发育历期和全世代显著长于喂饲番茄和人工饲料,喂饲人工饲料的斜纹夜蛾不同龄期幼虫的粪便重量显著重于喂饲辣椒果实;种群趋势指数(Ⅰ)均大于1, 内禀增长力(rm)均大于0,斜纹夜蛾种群呈增长趋势. 相似文献
7.
类免疫球蛋白（Hemolin）是一种鳞翅目昆虫特有的免疫相关蛋白,也是唯一的无脊椎动物免疫球蛋白家族成员。本实验应用RACE技术获得了茶尺蠖（Ectropis obliqua Prout）类免疫球蛋白基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为EoHML（GenBank登录号：KM885983）,并分析了相关生物信息学特性,检测了病毒感染后基因的表达水平。结果表明,EoHML基因序列全长1β772βbp,包含1β239βbp的开放阅读框,编码412个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量大小为45.8βkD,等电点（pI）为8.297,属于典型的分泌型蛋白,且具有昆虫Hemolin基因保守的4个Ig功能区和2个N-glycosylation位点。系统进化分析表明,该蛋白与目前已知的类免疫球蛋白氨基酸序列的亲缘关系都较远,与烟草天蛾（Manduca sexta）类免疫球蛋白氨基酸序列相似度最高,为53%。荧光定量检测结果表明,茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒（EoNPV）感染茶尺蠖幼虫后该基因表达量显著升高,最高表达量是正常对照的36.5倍,表明茶尺蠖EoHML基因可能参与了茶尺蠖对EoNPV的免疫代谢反应。 相似文献
8.
灰茶尺蠖性信息素田间应用技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
灰茶尺蠖是我国茶树重要的食叶害虫,严重影响茶叶的质量和产量。为了给灰茶尺蠖性信息素的田间应用提供指导,本文对其性信息素缓释载体类型、诱捕器类型、诱捕器高度以及使用间距等参数进行了研究。结果显示,灰茶尺蠖性信息素以异戊二烯橡胶塞为缓释载体对灰茶尺蠖雄虫具有最好的引诱效果,效果优于硅胶塞和PVC毛细管;5种测试诱捕器中,船型诱捕器最适合引诱灰茶尺蠖;当诱捕器置于茶树上部25βcm时,引诱效果最好;诱捕器保持15βm的间距时,诱捕效率最高。本研究结果可为灰茶尺蠖性信息素应用于雄虫诱杀提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
茶尺蠖发生规律与无公害防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
茶尺蠖是我省为害茶树主要害虫之一 ,以幼虫咀食嫩梢。发生严重时 ,老叶、嫩茎将被幼虫食尽 ,严重影响茶叶产量 ,并且树势衰弱。目前绝大部分茶场和茶农多采用化学农药防治。化学农药不仅污染茶园生态环境 ,而且在杀死茶尺蠖的同时 ,也杀伤了大量天敌 ,还存在农药残留问题。因此 ,根据茶尺蠖发生为害的特点 ,采取相应的无公害防治措施控制其发生为害 ,将对茶叶生产起到积极推动作用。1 茶尺蠖发生规律1 1 茶尺蠖大部分以蛹在茶树根际表土中越冬 ,少数以幼虫在茶丛中越冬。越冬蛹大部分处于滞育状态 ,抗逆力强 ,死亡率低 ;其越冬后羽化率的… 相似文献
10.
分别用番茄果实、辣椒果实和人工饲料饲养斜纹夜蛾，观察不同食料对斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura Fabricius）的生长发育、存活、不同龄期幼虫的粪便重量、成虫产卵量的影响，组建相应食料下的斜纹夜蛾实验种群生命表。结果表明：喂饲辣椒果实的斜纹夜蛾幼虫发育历期和全世代显著长于喂饲番茄和人工饲料，喂饲人工饲料的斜纹夜蛾不同龄期幼虫的粪便重量显著重于喂饲辣椒果实；种群趋势指数（I）均大于1， 内禀增长力（rm）均大于0，斜纹夜蛾种群呈增长趋势。 相似文献
11.
Jian XU Chuan-ming LI Ya-jun YANG Jian-hang QI Xu-song ZHENG Rong-li HU Zhong-xian LU Qin LIU 《水稻科学》2012,19(3):247-251
The growth and reproduction of rice leaffolder,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis,fed on an artificial diet were studied.The results showed that the larvae were able to grow and pupate on the artificial diet.The durations of larvae and pupas of C.medinalis on the artificial diet were 28.1 d and 10.1 d,postponed 4.9 d and 1.7 d respectively,compared with those reared with rice leaves.The number of ovipositions was 41.6 per female,26.2% higher than that fed on rice leaves.Survival rate curve of larvae was a descent function of mortality-age,with no significant differences from the curve of larvae fed on rice leaves.The net reproductive rate (Ro),intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) of the population fed on diet were 17.6928,0.0884 and 1.0924,respectively,and the mean generation time (T) and double time (td) were prolonged 4.9 d and 1.3 d in comparison with the treatment of rice leaves.Population trend index (I) was 3.26,indicating a growing number of the population of C.medinalis fed on artificial diet. 相似文献
12.
13.
茶皂素对雷公藤乳油防治茶尺蠖幼虫的增效作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
测定了茶皂素对雷公藤乳油防治茶尺蠖幼虫的增效作用。结果表明,用1、2、4mg/ml茶皂素浸叶处理,对茶尺蠖2龄幼虫的毒杀作用不明显,第7天的毒杀效果只有27.03%~37.84%。用雷公藤乳油0.8、1.6、3.2、6.4mg/ml和12.8mg/ml浸叶处理,对茶尺蠖2龄幼虫的毒杀效果在第7天分别为27.27%、33.78%、40.54%、56.76%和63.51%。在0.8mg/ml浓度的雷公藤乳油中加入4mg/ml的茶皂素,对茶尺蠖幼虫的毒杀作用(84.42%)显著高于加1mg/ml茶皂素的毒杀效果(68.83%);而加入2mg/ml和4mg/ml的防效差异不显著。向不同浓度的雷公藤乳油中加入2mg/ml茶皂素,对茶尺蠖2龄幼虫的共毒系数在第1、3、5、7天分别为667.68、981.61、1706.15和1209.76,即增效5.68~11.10倍,达到相同的使用效果可减少雷公藤用量85%以上。对茶尺蠖4龄幼虫增效1.00~6.91倍,减少雷公藤用量50%以上。 相似文献
14.
Cotton bollworm (Heliothis armigera) is a major pest of cotton and other crops. It is important to understand the mechanisms of insecticide tolerance of cotton bollworm on cotton cultivars with host plant resistance to this insect pest. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of cotton pigment glands and their gossypol on the growth, development and insecticide tolerance of cotton bollworm. Three pairs of cotton isogenic lines with glanded versus glandless leaves, as well as artificial diets with 5 levels of gossypol, were used to raise cotton bollworm larvae for five generations. The growth, development and insecticide tolerance of larvae were studied. The results indicated that the cotton pigment glands and higher levels of gossypol resulted in a significant decrease in larval weights and moth eclosion rates and delayed the development of larvae and pupae. Larvae that fed on glanded cotton leaves were significantly more tolerant to two insecticides, cyhalothin and monocrotophos, than those fed on glandless cotton leaves. LD50 values were only increased where they were in amount per unit body weight, and not where were calculated in amount per individual. Also the insecticide tolerance of cotton bollworm larvae increased as the gossypol content was raised from 0 to 0.225% in artificial diets. Meanwhile, the activities of two detoxifying enzymes, carboxylesterase and glutathione s-transferase, were significantly higher in the larvae fed on glanded cotton leaves than those fed on glandless cotton leaves. The activities of two enzymes also increased greatly with the increase of gossypol content from 0 to 0.225% in artificial diets. Across 5 generations of feeding and investigation, the significant inhibition effect on larval growth and larval tolerance to two pesticides were found to be only associated with the feeding by current generation, but were not related to previous diets. The activities of two detoxifying enzymes in larvae were also not enhanced significantly when they were fed continuously on glanded cotton leaves or artificial diet with high gossypol. These results indicated that pigment glands and higher levels of gossypol not only inhibited the growth of cotton bollworm larvae but also enhanced their insecticide tolerance. However, the inhibition effect and enhanced insecticide tolerance were inducible but could not be accumulated or inherited. These results will help us better understand the interaction and co-evolution of insecticide tolerance in larvae of cotton bollworm and host chemical components, and also has provided useful information on cotton bollworm management in cotton production, especially in glandless cotton. 相似文献
15.
草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）是世界性的重大迁飞性害虫,寄主范围极广。本文比较研究了草地贪夜蛾幼虫取食茶树和玉米叶片的生长适合度。试验结果表明,饲喂茶树叶片的初孵草地贪夜蛾幼虫8 d死亡率高达100%。3龄（9日龄）草地贪夜蛾幼虫取食茶树叶片的幼虫体重增长量显著低于以玉米叶为食的幼虫;取食3 d和6 d后,以茶树叶片为食的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的体重分别是以玉米叶为食的幼虫体重的35.58%和36.67%。取食茶树叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的生长适合度明显低于取食玉米叶的幼虫。主要表现为：（1）8 d后,取食玉米叶的草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫存活率比取食茶树叶片的幼虫高出20%;（2）取食茶树叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的成功化蛹率为54.17%;（3）取食茶树叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的发育历期极显著长于取食玉米叶的幼虫,且蛹重、蛹长和蛹宽极显著低于取食玉米叶的幼虫的蛹。尽管取食茶树叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的生长适合度较低,但是由于茶园中存在草地贪夜蛾嗜食的杂草,初孵幼虫可以杂草为食,3龄以上幼虫可取食茶树叶片并成功化蛹。因此,推测一旦草地贪夜蛾误迁入茶园,在茶园中的嗜食杂草被其食光后,其幼虫很有可能进一步危害茶树。 相似文献
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本文研究了茶树虫害诱导挥发物(Herbivore-induced plant volatiles,HIPVs)对邻近茶苗防御能力的影响。将健康茶苗放在茶尺蠖取食的茶苗附近,作为HIPVs的处理,测定了茶树防御相关基因在不同处理下的表达水平、抗性防御物质的水平,并检测了茶尺蠖危害茶苗邻近植株对茶尺蠖幼虫生长的影响。研究结果表明,与对照相比,茶尺蠖幼虫为害茶苗释放的HIPVs在处理后24 h和12 h内分别显著诱导邻近茶苗Csi LOX1和Csi ACS1基因的表达水平,这些挥发物还能增强茶尺蠖取食诱导的防御基因的表达。HIPVs处理3 d后,茶树的重要防御物质多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidases,PPOs)活性显著高于对照,是对照的1.36倍,同时,取食这些茶苗的茶尺蠖幼虫体重也显著低于对照。上述结论表明茶尺蠖取食诱导的挥发物能够作为信号物质在茶树中传递,并能够通过增强茉莉酸和乙烯抗虫途径提高对茶尺蠖的抗性。 相似文献
17.
Yuping Gou Peter Quandahor Kexin Zhang Sufan Guo Qiangyan Zhang Changzhong Liu Jeffrey A Coulter 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2020,20(5)
In order to investigate the effects of artificial diets on the population growth of root maggot Bradysia impatiens, its population growth parameters were assayed on eight artificial diets (Diet 1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, and D8). Results showed that developmental duration from egg to pupa was successfully completed on all eight artificial diets. However, the egg to pupal duration was shortest, while the survival rate of four insect stages was lowest when B. impatiens was reared on D1. When B. impatiens was reared on D7 and D8, the survival rate, female longevity, and female oviposition were higher than those reared on other diets. When B. impatiens was reared on D7, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm = 0.19/d), net reproductive rate (R0 = 39.88 offspring per individual), and finite rate of increase (λ = 1.21/d) were higher for its population growth with shorter generation time (T = 19.49 d) and doubling time (Dt = 3.67 d). The findings indicate that the D7 artificial diet is more appropriate for the biological parameters of B. impatiens and can be used an indoor breeding food for population expansion as well as further research. We propose that vitamin C supplement added to the D7 is critical for the improvement of the B. impatiens growth. 相似文献
18.
茶黑毒蛾防治指标的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
茶黑毒蛾 Dasychira baibarana Matsumura 是茶树的一种主要害虫。本报告通过对幼虫取食量、取食嫩叶和老、成叶的比例及田间摘除老、成叶后对产量影响的模拟试验结果表明,茶黑毒蛾幼虫的平均取食量为1710.4毫克,越冬代幼虫取食嫩叶占总量的78.33%,第1代幼虫占20.98%。越冬代幼虫的危害嫩叶当量 D=0.00134公斤,第1代幼虫虫量与产量损失的关系式为(?)=0.0001377x~(1.247)。根据防治总费用、茶叶产量、价格及防治效果的调查,每亩年产150公斤干茶的茶园,越 相似文献