共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 750 毫秒
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Real-time PCR技术用于中国大菱鲆虹彩病毒的组织敏感性检测及病毒流行情况调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国大菱鲆虹彩病毒(turbot reddish body iridovirus, TRBIV)是一种感染养殖大菱鲆的鱼类虹彩病毒,它可以引起大菱鲆病毒性红体病并导致养殖大菱鲆大量死亡。本研究利用TRBIV主要衣壳蛋白基因序列设计的一对引物,结合内嵌式核酸染料SYBR Green І,建立了TRBIV特异的Real-time PCR检测方法。实验结果表明,该对引物具有较高的灵敏度和较强的特异性,能够检测相当于102数量级的TRBIV基因组拷贝,而不与健康大菱鲆组织DNA、淋巴囊肿病毒DNA发生交叉反应。最后,应用建立的Real-time PCR检测方法,开展了TRBIV的组织敏感性检测和病毒流行情况调查。结果发现,大菱鲆的脾脏、肾脏、脑、鳃、心脏、肝脏、消化道、血液等组织中均可检测到TRBIV的存在,其中脾和肾是TRBIV的最主要的靶器官,每毫克组织的病毒含量分别高达5.23106个和2.18106个。分子流行病学调查结果显示,在山东半岛的多个大菱鲆养殖场中均存在TRBIV的感染和流行。 相似文献
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荔枝包装与其果皮花色素苷的光稳定性研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
用6种不同颜色的PE袋(黑色、蓝色、红色、绿色、黄色、白色)包装荔枝果皮的甲醇—HCl提取液(pH=3.00±0.01),研究了经自然光(阳光)照射后的吸收光谱(190.00nm～1100.0nm)变化。发现白色PE袋不能有效地阻止荔枝果皮色素的光分解作用,而黑色PE袋、蓝色PE袋和红色PE袋可提高荔枝果皮色素的光稳定性。这一研究结果,进一步说明了光照对荔枝褐变的影响,同时也为荔枝包装材料的改良提供了理论依据 相似文献
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有色地膜栽培玉米的主要性状及相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用大田试验对绿洲灌区玉米覆盖黑色、红色、蓝色与透明4种颜色地膜,对主要农艺性状进行相关性分析。结果表明:不同颜色地膜栽培的玉米相比透明地膜的经济产量增产率表现为:黑色膜减产9.22%,蓝色膜增产9.23%,红色膜增产2.29%。由于黑色地膜出苗率低导致玉米的生长密度降低,单株玉米的生境空间增大,出现双穗的比率增高,因而黑色地膜处理的单株产量较高。不同颜色地膜的各农艺性状表现为蓝色膜的株高、穗位、穗长、穗粒数均最高,黑色膜的千粒重最高,并且穗位低、茎粗高;在地膜影响下各玉米果穗性状对单株产量的相关系数均不显著,各性状对单株籽粒产量的相关系数依次为千粒重 > 穗行数 > 出籽率 > 行粒数 > 穗粗 > 穗粒数 > 穗长。 相似文献
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鲟鱼肉和卵极具营养价值,鲟鱼养殖规模稳定扩大,中国已经成为世界上最大的鲟鱼养殖国家。尽管国内外在鲟鱼保护生物学和应用技术方面取得了一系列科研成果,但对养殖鲟鱼的生长和肌肉品质的发育规律所知甚少。本文综述了国内外养殖鲟鱼异速生长模式和肌肉品质分析的研究现状,发现现有鲟鱼生长于肌肉品质的研究主要集中于幼鱼或某一个生长期,缺少系统性和完整性。因此,建议针对主要养殖鲟鱼品种,从幼鱼到成鱼系统开展养殖鲟鱼生长与肌肉品质变化规律的研究,揭示鲟鱼肌肉品质的生长发育规律。 相似文献
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不同颜色地膜覆盖对棉花冠层构型及光合特性的调控效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究不同颜色地膜对棉花产量的调控效应,在大田条件下,设置无地膜覆盖(CK)、覆白色透明地膜(WF)、覆黑色地膜(BF)、覆银色地膜(SF)、覆绿色地膜(GF)、覆红色地膜(RF)共6个处理,分析不同颜色地膜覆盖对棉花冠层光质特性、棉花冠层形态、光合特性、干物质积累分配和产量构成因子的影响。结果表明,覆盖不同颜色地膜能改变冠层红光和远红光强度;与CK相比,覆盖地膜后通过提高棉花分枝数和叶面积指数,降低果枝与主茎倾角改变冠层构型,从而提高了光截获,同时提高了叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、源器官光合产物合成能力,并提高了干物质在叶片和花铃中的分配系数,最终使籽棉产量提高了8.4%~24.5%。红色地膜因较高的红光和远红光反射强度,对净光合速率、干物质积累量提高幅度优于其他颜色地膜处理,产量最高,为3 153.6 kg·hm-2,黑膜次之,为3 123.7 kg·hm-2,绿膜增产幅度最低。综合棉花的产量和干物质量来看,棉花覆盖红色地膜和黑色地膜更能促进产量的提高,并提高其生产效益。 相似文献
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为探索不同颜色地膜覆盖对刺梨园土壤、刺梨树枝梢生长及成花坐果的影响,筛选适宜于刺梨园覆盖的适宜地膜类型,试验以自然生草不覆盖为对照,设置四种不同颜色（无色T1、红色T2、绿色T3及黑色T4）地膜覆盖处理,地膜材质均为PE,比较分析各处理下果园土壤物理性质及微生物碳含量、刺梨树枝梢生长量、成花坐果及产量表现等的差异。结果表明：（1）地膜覆盖均可不同程度提高土壤温度,并导致物候期提前,其中覆盖黑色和红色地膜的处理开花期较对照提前4～5d。（2）覆盖黑色地膜处理下土壤物理参数如盐度、体积含水率、总溶解固体、电导率和介电常数等整体高于对照,其余几种地膜处理无此效果,但其土壤物理性质更趋稳定。（3）覆盖黑色和红色地膜可显著抑制刺梨园杂草生长,覆盖区域内杂草生物量较对照分别减少88.36%和89.5%,显著低于其余处理及对照。地膜覆盖均能增加叶片的叶绿素含量,且绿色地膜对促进刺梨新梢生长最为有利。（4）覆盖无色和黑色地膜均可显著促进刺梨成花,前期坐果量较对照分别增加约43.8%和37%,最终覆盖无色地膜处理的增产效果最为突出,较对照提高52.55%,而黑色地膜因同时会导致果实发育过程中的落果数增加从而其最终产量较对照仅增加14.39%。研究结果说明不同颜色地膜在改善或稳定土壤物理参数、促进树体生长、抑制杂草及提高产量等方面各具优势,生产上可根据需要选择使用,其中无色地膜对提高产量的效果尤其明显,可作为刺梨覆膜栽培的优先推荐地膜类型。 相似文献
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对土壤背景进行有效分割是玉米苗期田间杂草识别的前提和基础。本研究利用颜色分量G-R和G-B与灰度直方图来实现玉米苗期图像与背景图像的分割,解决了玉米苗期田间杂草识别中受影响及环境适应性差等问题。通过对不同环境下苗期玉米图像的植被颜色和背景颜色分量的统计分析表明,采用G-R和G-B双阈值颜色特征分割,进行土壤背景分离取得了很好的效果。 相似文献
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Abdel-Aal el-SM Young JC Rabalski I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(13):4696-4704
Anthocyanin pigments from a wide variety of edible and ornamental black, blue, pink, purple, red, and white wheat, barley, corn, rice, and wild rice were identified and quantified to evaluate their potential as natural colorants or functional food ingredients. The total anthocyanin contents varied significantly and exhibited a range of 7-3276 microg/g. Some grains, such as red rice and black rice, contained a limited number of pigments, whereas others, such as blue, pink, purple, and red corns, had complex anthocyanin profiles. Of the 42 anthocyanin compounds observed, 9 were characterized by comparison of the spectroscopic and chromatographic properties with those of authentic standards. The remaining compounds were tentatively identified on the basis of spectroscopic properties and electrospray ionization mass spectra. The most abundant anthocyanins were cyanidin 3-glucoside in black and red rices and in blue, purple, and red corns, pelargonidin 3-glucoside in pink corn, and delphinidin 3-glucoside in blue wheat. 相似文献
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Caprarescu Simona Radu Anita-Laura Purcar Violeta Sarbu Andrei Vaireanu Danut-Ionel Ianchis Raluca Ghiurea Marius 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2014,225(8):1-12
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of global flame retardants whose residues have markedly increased in fish and human tissues during the last decade. They belong to persistent and toxic contaminants which need more attention and toxicological study as their degradation in the environment is not well understood. This study characterizes 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) bioconcentration, elimination and biotransformation in juvenile turbot Psetta maxima, in order to evaluate the risk of its bioaccumulation in the marine environment. During this study, juvenile turbot were exposed to environmentally relevant BDE-47 concentrations from 0.001 to 1 μg/L for 16 days via aqueous exposure. This study found that juvenile turbot bioconcentrated and biotransformed BDE-47. There was no difference in standard length or weight between control and exposed fish. Uptake and elimination of BDE-47 by the turbot during exposure were examined in controlled laboratory experiments. Bioconcentration of BDE-47 was similar in fish from all treatment groups. Bioconcentration was rapid and increased with exposure time, since the bioconcentration factor (BCF) was higher. However, elimination was slower in comparison and low elimination was detected after 10 days in clean water. BDE-47 concentration in water influences the BCF. Half-life ranged between 37 and 108 days and theoretical times t 90 could range from 120 to 358 days. The present study demonstrates a stepwise debromination of BDE-47 to BDE-28.
相似文献13.
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我国典型农田长期施肥小麦氮肥回收率的变化特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为阐明长期不同施肥下小麦氮肥回收率的时间演变特征及空间差异,为农田氮肥合理施用及提高氮肥回收率提供科学依据,对我国典型农田土壤—塿土、潮土、褐土、灰漠土、黄棕壤、黑土、中性紫色土、石灰性紫色土和红壤上设置的15-24年的长期试验的氮肥回收率及相关数据进行统计分析。结果表明,长期单施氮肥（N）、氮钾配施（NK）下,小麦氮肥回收率随时间延长而显著降低,降低速率为红壤（7.24）＞黄棕壤（4.16）＞塿土（1.48）、中性紫色土（1.44）、潮土（1.06）＞石灰性紫色土（0.60）;化肥配合及与有机肥配施（NP、NPK、NPKM）的氮肥回收率在潮土、灰漠土、黄棕壤、黑土、中性紫色土上随时间变化不大。化肥配合施用（NPK）下,塿土、潮土、褐土、灰漠土、黄棕壤、黑土、中性紫色土、红壤和石灰性紫色土上的小麦氮肥回收率平均值分别为76.8%、73.4%、56.4%、44.9%、44.4%、33.8%、41.7%、33.6%、26.2%。小麦氮肥回收率以北方暖温带的塿土、潮土、褐土大于南方中亚热带紫色土和北方中温带的黑土。 相似文献
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Anthocyanin extracts are increasingly used as food ingredients. A current challenge is to maintain their color properties. The stability of some colorants has been studied in sugar and non-sugar drink models at three pH values (3, 4, and 5) under thermal and light conditions simulating rapid food aging. At a given pH, color stability mainly depends on the structures of anthocyanins and of colorless phenolic compounds. Colorants rich in acylated anthocyanins (purple carrot, red radish, and red cabbage) display great stability due to intramolecular copigmentation. The protection of red chromophore is higher for diacylated anthocyanins in red radish and red cabbage. For colorants without acylated anthocyanins (grape-marc, elderberry, black currant, and chokeberry), intermolecular copigmentation plays a key role in color protection. Colorants rich in flavonols and with the highest copigment/pigment ratio show a remarkable stability. By contrast, catechins appear to have a negative effect on red colorants, quickly turning yellowish in drink models. This effect is more pronounced when the pH is increased. Finally, color does not seem to be greatly influenced by the addition of sugar. 相似文献
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我国五种主要土壤水稳性团聚体含量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
认识土壤水稳性团聚体含量对于研究土壤肥力、质量及侵蚀程度具有重要的意义。采用非真空快速浸润法、非真空快速滴水浸润法和非真空慢速气溶胶浸润法3种方法,测定了黑土、褐土、黄土、红壤、紫色土等5种土壤的水稳性团聚体含量。通过对不同方法所测结果的稳定性和差异性进行分析,可知非真空快速浸润法测定的土壤水稳性团聚体含量最小,非真空慢速气溶胶浸润法测定的含量最大,非真空快速滴水浸润法所测结果介于前2种方法所测结果之间。根据5种土壤的水稳性团聚体含量在3种方法间的差异,将5种土壤分为黑土与紫色土、黄土、褐土与红壤3种类型;5种土壤在3种方法下所测定的土壤水稳性团聚体含量的排序分别为:黄土<黑土<褐土<紫色土<红壤,黄土<褐土<红壤<黑土<紫色土,黄土<褐土<黑土<红壤<紫色土。 相似文献
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Characterization of anthocyanins and flavonols and radical scavenging activity assays of extracts from four Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) varieties with different fruit colors were carried out. One dominant anthocyanin and three major flavonols were isolated by HPLC, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and two of three flavonols, myricetin and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, were identified by cochromatography with authentic standards. Both DPPH* and ABTS*(+) cation assays indicated that the black varieties (Biji and Hunan) demonstrated much higher radical scavenging activities than the pink (Fenhong) and yellow (Shuijing) varieties, which may be attributed to much higher levels of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and total phenolics in the black varieties. Biji and Hunan had 6.49 and 6.52 mM Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) per 100 g of fresh weight, whereas the pink (Fenhong) and yellow (Shuijing) bayberries had 1.32 and 1.31 mM TEAC/100 g. Different fruit color was reflected by the surface color and pigment extract color. Color stability of the pigment was dependent on pH, and the pigment was more stable at low pH (pH approximately 1.5). The lightness (L) increased while the chroma (C value) decreased with increase of pH until pH 5, but higher pH caused a small decrease for L and an increase for C. 相似文献
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低分子量有机酸类物质对红壤和黑土磷有效性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在20℃恒温培养条件下,研究低分子量有机酸类的钠钙盐(LA)和低分子量有机酸类与混合氨基酸的钠钙盐(LAA)不同用量水平对红壤和黑土磷有效性的影响。研究表明,两种低分子量有机酸类混合物在各不同水平下均能显著提高红壤和黑土磷有效性;随着培养的进行,添加有LA、LAA的各处理对红壤和黑土中磷有效性均有明显提高。无论是LA或LAA,红壤中以半量处理对提高磷有效性作用效果更为明显,而黑土中则以LAA作用效果更好,且以常量LAA处理的效果最好,常量LA和LAA处理间差异显著。在添加磷肥的基础上,与不加有机酸物质处理(CKp)相比,添加常量LA、LAA和半量LA(0.5 LA)、LAA(0.5 LAA)处理,在红壤中磷固定率平均值分别降低10.5%、22.3%和11.3%、19.4%;在黑土中分别降低8.6%、10.6%和14.1%、11.8%。LA和LAA对降低红壤和黑土磷固定率效果显著,红壤以半量处理的效果较好,黑土则以常量LAA处理效果最好。 相似文献
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ Vicario IM Heredia FJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(25):7266-7270
Tristimulus Colorimetry was applied to characterize the color of Valencia late orange juices. Color measurements were made against white background and black background. The profile of the main carotenoids related to the color of the juices was determined by HPLC. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) between b*, Cab* and h(ab) and the content of beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein + zeaxanthin and beta-carotene were found. The correlations between the color parameters L*, a*, b*, Cab* and h(ab) and the carotenoids content were also explored by partial least squares. The results obtained have shown that it is possible to obtain equations, by means of multiple regression models, which allow the determination of the individual carotenoid levels from the CIELAB color parameters, with R2 values always over 0.9. In this sense, equations have been proposed to calculate the retinol equivalents (1 RE = 1 microgram retinol = 12 micrograms beta-carotene = 24 micrograms alpha-carotene = 24 micrograms beta-cryptoxanthin) of the orange juice analyzed as a function of the color parameters calculated from measurement made against white and black backgrounds. The average RE per liter of juice obtained by HPLC was 51.07 +/- 18.89, whereas employing these equations, average RE values obtained were 51.16 +/- 1.36 and 51.21 +/- 1.70 for white background and black background, respectively. 相似文献