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1.
京郊大蒜病毒病的研究及其鳞茎中病毒的脱除 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
京郊大蒜病毒病发生普遍,主要症状为条纹花叶、矮化和叶片扭曲畸形。病体细胞中含大量线状病毒粒体和风轮状内含物。线状病毒粒体长度范围为250—1875nm,以长度550—800nm粒体居多。其中长700—800nm的粒体被鉴定为大蒜花叶病毒(GMV),回接脱毒大蒜叶片产生条纹花叶症状。血清学鉴定表明GMV与洋葱黄矮病毒(OYDV)有近缘关系。长度500—600nm的粒体可能为大蒜潜隐病毒(GLV),回接脱毒大蒜不产生花叶症状。下述两种病毒为京郊大蒜的主要病毒。此外,个别标样含烟草花叶病毒,但不是大蒜的主要病毒。对800nm以下线状病毒粒体归属尚待研究。应用营养茎尖、生殖茎尖和根尖分生组织培养技术,可以脱去上述主要病毒,获得脱毒大蒜。 相似文献
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3.
从表现花叶症状的德国进口番红花上获得一线状病毒分离物SA,线状病毒粒子长度为700~800nm。其在人工接种的11科39种植物中能侵染6科14种植物,在克里芙兰烟上产生系统坏死,在小白菜、花椰菜等十字花科植物上产生系统花叶或为隐症,在昆诺藜等藜科植物上为局部侵染。在番红花病叶、球茎及克里芙兰烟病叶组织中观察到卷轴状和片层状聚集的风轮状内含体。免疫吸附和免疫修饰电镜观察结果显示,SA与芜菁花叶病毒((TuMV)具有紧密的血清学关系。根据这些特征将SA鉴定为TuMV的一个分离物。这是TuMV侵染番红花的首次报道。 相似文献
4.
引起掌叶半夏花叶病的芋花叶病毒 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在表现花叶症状的天南星科药用植物掌叶半夏(Pinellia cordata)上检测到一种线状病毒,病毒粒子的最大分布范围为725~776nm,平均长度为745nm。提纯病毒A260/A280为1.28,电镜下观察为均一的线状病毒粒子。经免疫电镜测定该线状病毒与芋花叶病毒(DMV)抗血清有强的阳性反应。在病叶横切面的细胞质里观察到具风轮状、卷筒状和片层状聚集结构,在纵切面上为束状的细胞质内含体以及分散的和紧密聚集的线状病毒粒子。寄主反应测定结果表明,该病毒侵染天南星科植物,不侵染其它11科35种非天南星科供试植物。据上述试验结果,该病毒分离物认为属芋花叶病毒。本文是有关该属植物上病毒的首次报道。 相似文献
5.
根据鉴别寄主反应，粒体形态及血清学等试验从美国进口悬钩子上的病毒分离物鉴定为烟草花叶病毒。摩擦接种普通烟表现为花叶，在心叶烟，昆诺阿黎，苋色黎接种叶上表现为局部枯斑，电镜粒体为杆状，约３００ｎｍ，免疫电镜中用ＴＭＶ抗血清诱捕修饰法制片铜网能捕获大量病毒粒体，并在粒体表面有一层抗体外套，ＰＡＳ－ＥＬＩＳＡ中与ＴＭＶ抗血清也呈阳性反应。悬钩子中病毒浓度很低，只有经浓缩后才能对病毒进行鉴定。文中还讨论了 相似文献
6.
侵染蚕豆的芜菁花叶病毒的鉴定与提纯 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在江苏浙江等地的蚕豆苗上出现的红褐色环斑或白色斑驳症状.经鉴定是芜菁花叶病毒侵害的结果.在病组织中的病毒粒体为弯杆状.长度750-800nm。摩擦接种在苋色藜上,接种叶上出现大块黄色枯斑,直径约3毫米,顶叶系统感染,在克氏烟、芜菁、油菜上为系统花叶.在蚕豆苗上的症状,视品种和环境条件而异,在有限生长的品种上多为红褐色环斑.在启东蚕豆上多为白色斑驳,豆荚上也可出现变色斑。对病毒的提纯方法作了改进,用冻融的20%蔗糖溶液可代替常规的10-40%蔗糖梯度液,精提纯的效果相同。 相似文献
7.
在云南省昆明市的文心兰栽培基地发现了具有病毒病典型症状的感病文心兰植株。感病样品在电镜下可观察到长460-500 nm的线状病毒粒体和长约300 nm的杆状病毒粒体中的一种或两种,分别与已报道的建兰花叶病毒和齿兰环斑病毒粒体大小一致。感病样品可以和建兰花叶病毒和齿兰环斑病毒血清中的一种或两种呈阳性反应。利用建兰花叶病毒和齿兰环斑病毒的特异性引物,运用RT-PCR方法可以扩增到与引物设计预期大小一致的核酸条带。由此证明,云南文心兰病毒病的病原是建兰花叶病毒和齿兰环斑病毒中的一种或两种。 相似文献
8.
玉米矮花叶病毒属马铃薯Y病毒组。病毒粒体线状,大小750nm×12～15nm,在电镜下观察病组织切片有风轮状内含体。体外保毒期为24h,致死温度55～60℃,稀释限点1000～2000倍。病株组织里的病毒在超低温冰箱保存5年后,仍具侵染能力。 相似文献
9.
从进口日本豇豆中随机挑选种子在隔离温室内种植。出苗后,发现有典型花叶症状的植株。对该病株进行电镜观测,发现有线条形病毒粒体,大小约为750nm×13nm。设计特异性引物(BL-5/BL-6),对该样品进行黑眼豇豆花叶病毒的反转录(RT)PCR分子检测。电泳检测表明,扩增出一条特异性的目标条带,大小为338bp。对该样品的RT-PCR产物进行测序,结果表明该序列与黑眼豇豆花叶病毒(GENEBANK登录号:AY575773)的序列有4个碱基差异,同源性为98.8%。鉴定该病毒为黑眼豇豆花叶病毒(Blackeye cowpea mosaicvirus)。 相似文献
10.
西瓜花叶病毒引起的西葫芦花叶病 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据作者研究西瓜花叶病毒除侵染葫芦科作物外,还在苋色藜上形成枯斑,桃蚜可作为传毒媒介。病毒的长度为600~700mμ的线状分子等特性,引起北京西葫芦花叶的病毒应属于西瓜花叶病毒——WMV-2。 相似文献
11.
感染芜菁花叶型病毒和烟草花叶型病毒的油菜病株种子的种皮内带有病毒,种胚自未成熟到成熟始终不带病毒。
烟草花叶型病毒在种皮内的存活期限长于芜菁花叶型病毒。烟草花叶型毒株61-16号,在"胜利"油菜病株种子的种皮内可以存活26个月以上;芜菁花叶型病毒存活期最长的一个毒株不超过25个月,最短的不到4个月。 相似文献
烟草花叶型病毒在种皮内的存活期限长于芜菁花叶型病毒。烟草花叶型毒株61-16号,在"胜利"油菜病株种子的种皮内可以存活26个月以上;芜菁花叶型病毒存活期最长的一个毒株不超过25个月,最短的不到4个月。 相似文献
12.
P. van Dijk 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(2):1-48
Nearly 5700 plants of 14 cultivated and 8 wildAllium species and varieties from the Netherlands and other parts of the world, were tested for infection with aphid-borne potyviruses by ELISA, electron microscope decoration tests and/or inoculation onto test plants. This resulted in the detection of two known viruses, viz. leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) and onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), and the discovery and characterization of two new viruses, viz. shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV) and Welsh onion yellow stripe virus (WoYSV), and of six strains of these viruses. ‘Garlic mosaic’, ‘barlic yellow streak’, ‘onion mosaic’, ‘shallot mosaic’, ‘shallot X’, and ‘shallot yellows’ viruses, incompletely described in the literature, are now reidentified as well-known viruses or as strains or mixtures of such viruses. ‘Garlic yellow stripe virus’ is also a complex containing a potyvirus possibly differing from the viruses found in this survey. The symptoms of the potyviruses studied varied widely and ranged from mild to severe chlorotic to yellow striping of leaves, and they are of little diagnostic importance.LYSV was found in vegetatively propagated pearl onion (A. ampeloprasum var.sectivum) from Europe and Asia. It has decreased in leek crops (A. ampeloprasum var.porrum) in the Netherlands since the 1970, apparently due to resistance in new cultivars. OYDV was common in onion (A. cepa var.cepa) from the former USSR and North Africa, and in European cultivars of shallot (A. cepa var.ascalonicum), with the exception of the highly resistant ‘Santé’, but was not detected during this survey in Asian shallot. European samples of ever-ready onion (A. cepa var.perutile), multiplier onion (A. cepa var.aggregatum) and tree onion (A. cepa var.viviparum) contained OYDV. It was also found in sand leek (A. scorodoprasum) from european gene collections. A strain of OYDV from onion and shallot in Morocco and Spain was virulent on onion and shallot cultivars resistant to common OYDV, as reported early for a similar isolate in the USA.Asian shallot appeared generally infected with the new SYSV, similar to OYDV in host range and symptoms but serologically distinct. It was not detected in onion and shallot from Europe or North Africa. A virulent strain of this virus caused striping in sap-inoculated garlic (A. sativum) and Formosan lily (Lilium formosanum). The new WoYSV, infecting Welsh onion in Indonesia and Japan, was earlier described in Japan as OYDV from rakkyo and Welsh onion. It appeared serologically closely related to SYSV and distantly to OYDV, but differed in its host range.Host-specific strains of LYSV and OYDV were detected in garlic, wild garlic (A. longicuspis), an unidentifiedAllium species (suffix-G), and great-headed garlic (A. ampeloprasum var.holmense) (suffix-GhG)., LYSV-G and OYDV-G infected on average 45% and 73%, respectively, of the garlic samples of worldwide origin. Symptoms of isolates of both strains varied in severity, implying the necessity of serological tests for disease diagnosis and health certification. LYSV-GhG was the cause of yellow striping in 93% of the great-headed garlic plants tested, mainly from the Mediterranean area. One sample was also infected with OYDV-GhG.Many samples from vegetatively propagated crops grown from non-certified planting stock contained a few plants free of potyviruses, implying the possibility to obtain healthy (and possibly resistant) selections of such cultivars avoiding meristem-tip culture. Cross-protection of garlic sets by a mild potyvirus isolate seems to be an alternative to the use of vulnerable virus-free sets.Generally, viruses and virus strains could not be transmitted to anyAllium species other than their natural host, except to the highly susceptible crow garlic (A. vineale). This species, and other predominantly vegetatively propagating wildAllium spp. (field garlic,A. oleraceum; ramsons,A. ursinum; sand leek), were found not to be reservoirs of viruses that might infectAllium crops in the netherlands. Streaking in vegetatively propagated wild leeks (A. ampeloprasum and closely related species) originating from the Mediterranean area and Asia was due to an undescribed miteborne virus. The survey confirmed that spread of potyviruses inAllium crops in the Netherlands is from planting sets, and from a neighbouring crop only if of the same species. 相似文献
13.
TMV与YMV15在系统感染寄主——菸(Nicotiana tabacum)上的相互干扰作用是很微弱的。同时接种二病毒时,在感染的早期(接种后2-3天) YMV15占优势,在此时间以后TMV的浓度就超过YMV15。二病毒以相同的侵染力同时接种心叶菸(Nicotiana glutinosa)时,则大部分的局部斑点是由YMV15形成的。上述结果表明,YMV15竞争侵染点的能力较TMV为大。试验并证明完整的YMV15及其蛋白都能干扰TMV侵染菜豆(Phaseoluss vulgaris),因而这种干扰似决定于病毒蛋白质部分对于侵染点附着的特异性。 相似文献
14.
引起辣椒花叶、枯顶的一个病毒分离物的鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从河北望都辣椒地分离到一株辣椒病毒分离物.测定表明能侵染茄科、苋科、豆科、菊科、藜科的25种植物,不能侵染葫芦科和十字花科等13种植物.桃蚜（Myzus persicae）非持久性传毒;钝化温度65—70℃,稀释限点10-4—10-5体外保毒期6天（20—22℃）;病毒颗粒呈球形,直径约25nm;ISEM测定它与蚕豆萎蔫病毒（BBWV）关系密切;电镜下观察到BBWV所特有的长管状内含体和布纹状结晶体,认为该分离物是BBWV.但寄主范围和寄主反应与文献报道的BBWV各分离物有所不同,可能是另一毒株。 相似文献
15.
<正>0引言凤仙花(Impatiens balsamina)为凤仙花科(Balsaminaceae)凤仙花属(Impatiens)一年生草本植物,在我国大部分地区均有分布。栽培过程中凤仙花真菌病害主要有白粉病、褐斑病、炭疽病和立枯病等[1-2]。有关凤仙花病毒病的报道,如番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV)[3]、凤仙花坏死斑点病毒(impatiens necrotic spot virus,INSV)[4]、黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)[5-6]、烟草花叶病毒(tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)[7]、番茄花叶病毒(tomato mosaic virus,ToMV)[8]、长叶车前花叶病毒(ribgrass mosaic virus,RMV)[9]等均可侵染凤仙花。 相似文献
16.
P. van Dijk M. Verbeek I. Bos 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1991,97(6):381-399
While testing several samples of onion and of vegetatively propagated garlic, sand leek and shallot from a number of countries,
virus isolates with unusually flexuous particles were obtained by mite (Aceria tulipae) or sap transmissions. No aphid-borne poty-or carlavirus was transmitted by mites, and mite-borne virus isolates could not
be transmitted by aphids. The mite-borne isolates did not react with antisera to aphid-borne potyviruses ofAllium spp. or with the Agdia potyvirus group monoclonal. In contrast to the mite-borne onion and garlic mosaic viruses reported
in the literature, our mite-borne isolates induced no visible or only very mild symptoms inAllium spp., except isolates from shallot ‘Santé’ which caused diffuse striping. Heavily mite-infested test plants or plant samples
showed streaking and malformation due to mite feeding (tangle-top).
The mite-borne virus isolates could be classified with test plants and a discriminating antiserum into three groups, representing
two viruses and a strain of one of them. They are tentatively named onion mite-borne latent virus (OMbLV), garlic strain of
this virus (OMbLV-G), and shallot mite-borne latent virus (SMbLV). Mite transmission, length of virus particles (ca. 700 to
800 nm), and the presence of granular inclusion bodies in infected tissue indicate that the viruses belong to the mite-borne
genusRymovirus of the familyPotyviridae. OMbLV from shallot and onion, and OMbLV-G from garlic and sand leek, can be assayed onChenopodium murale but differ in their natural hosts. They are very common. SMbLV, to whichC. murale does not react, was isolated from shallot originating from Asia and Russia. 相似文献
17.
从河北省赤豆实生苗上获得一个分离物,它系种传的,引起赤豆产生疱状花叶,易经汁液摩擦接种,桃蚜(Myzus persicae)、豆蚜(Aphis cracivara)以非持久性方式传播,其钝化温度为55-60℃(十分钟)稀释限点为10-2-10-3,体外存活期为1-2天。寄主范围狭窄,系统侵染大豆(Glycine max)、绿豆(Phaselous aureus)、豇豆(Vigna sinensis cv.花豇豆)、棉豆(Phaseolus lunatus)、赤豆(P.angularis)等豆科植物,局部侵染苋色藜(Chenopodium amaranticolor)、昆诺藜(C.quinoa)和番杏(Tetragonia expensa)。病毒粒体线条形,略弯曲,755×13nm.A260/A280比值为1.224。病组织超薄切片中有风轮状内含体。SDS-免疫双扩散试验表明它与黑眼豇豆花叶病毒(BICMV)血清学关系十分密切。综合以上特征,我们认为赤豆花叶病毒河北省分离物为BICMV。河北省赤豆种子携带该病毒百分率为3-5%,它是田间主要毒源之一。 相似文献
18.
从市场出售的甜菜(Beta vulgaris)种子中首次得到了直径约30毫微米的等轴病毒粒子的分离物。接种试验证明,它不能由摩擦接种传病,也不能由桃蚜(Myzus persicae)传播,但可由种子传毒,种子带毒率高达87.5%。受侵染的甜菜植株不表现症状,体内含毒量很低,病株汁液须经部分提纯并浓缩后才能在电镜下观察到病毒粒子和用琼脂双扩散法检测到病毒。在病株叶片的超薄切片中,未发现病毒粒子和细胞学的变异。在氯化铯溶液中,病毒粒子的浮力密度为1.37克/毫升左右。该分离物能与甜菜潜隐病毒抗血清产生沉淀反应,但与黄瓜花叶病毒无血清学关系。根据上述基本性状,该分离物归属于甜菜潜隐病毒(Beet Cryptic Virus)。 相似文献
19.
Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) was detected in cloves and aerial bulblets of garlic (Allium sativum) at levels as high as or higher than in leaves of plants grown from tested cloves. It is recommended to test bulblets or
a few cloves per bulb before planting to determine if all cloves of a bulb are virus-free. This aids in early detection and
allows a more thorough testing of stock than field testing. 相似文献
20.
在真核细胞内,RNA沉默是一种保守的抵抗病毒及外源基因等寄生分子的防御机制。温度可以明显地影响植物体与病毒之间的相互作用。在常温状态下,常常会伴随病毒病的爆发,但在较高温度下,症状则会减轻,甚至有些感病植株新生叶片可以较快地恢复健康。目前这类现象的内在机制还不完全清楚。本文通过定量分析不同温度下马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X,PVX)和马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)侵染的心叶烟(Nicotiana glutinosa)植株体内病毒蛋白含量,结合症状观察,确定30℃左右是PVX和PVY在心叶烟上引起症状消失即发生系统性RNA沉默的临界温度,此时的感病植株上部新生展开叶片呈现无症状态,下部已发病叶片症状不变。在常温时,由病毒激发的RNA沉默会受到抑制,病毒来源的小分子干涉RNA (small interfering RNAs,siRNAs)含量极少或根本检测不到,植株对于病毒的敏感性较强。当温度达到30或32℃时,感病植株下部症状保持叶片中,病毒起源的siRNAs含量明显增加,而上部新生健康叶片中却检测不到siRNAs的存在。这说明高温激活了RNA沉默介导的植物抗病毒防御反应,导致病毒症状减轻甚至消失。 相似文献