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酶制剂在家禽生产中的应用始于上世纪70年代,但酶制剂的商业化实际应用不到20年的时间.由于家禽的肠道较短,加之微生物又少,很难提供足够的酶来降解饲料中的营养物质. 相似文献
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在许多国家,家禽饲料中添加饲料酶制剂已成为常规。这是过去10年中家禽工业的一场"革命"。饲料酶制剂对饲料配方设计或营养标准的研究提出了新的要求。饲料酶制剂的进展使家禽生产成本降低和使可使用的饲料原料范围扩大。1饲料前制剂的作用饲料酶制剂已被成功地应用,但其作用机制仍在探讨中。大量研究表明,饲料中使用酶制剂可以改善家禽的生产性能。主要有以下几方面。改善饲料消化率改善饲养环境条件可以使用更多经济的饲料原料。上述是饲料酶制剂的基本作用。饲料酶制剂的使用,破坏了饲料中β-葡聚精、木聚糖等抗营养因子,使胃肠道内… 相似文献
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家禽自身不能分泌降解非淀粉多糖的酶,消除非淀粉多糖抗营养作用最有效的方法是在饲粮中添加酶制剂。综述了非淀粉多糖酶的作用机理及其在家禽生产中的应用效果。 相似文献
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饲用酶制剂的研究开发和推广应用,已成为生物技术在饲料工业和养殖应用中的重要领域,酶制剂作为一种新型高效饲料添加剂,为开辟新的饲料资源和降低饲料生产成本提供了行之有效的途径,同时可以提高动物生产性能和减少养殖排泄物的污染,为饲料工业和养殖业高效、节粮和环保等可持续发展提供了保障和可能性,而新型的饲料酶制剂不断被研究和开发是重要前提.由于酶制剂种类较多、作用目的差别较大且应用日粮和饲料原料范围较广,为了规范饲料酶制剂的使用,有必要进行适当的分类和划代,以便应用更有效. 相似文献
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本研究通过测定豌豆蚜在取食“抗”“感”2个紫花苜蓿品种(高抗品种'甘农5号’和感虫品种'猎人河’)之后的存活率、体内酶活性等指标,分析2个苜蓿品种对豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)存活率及体内保护酶和解毒酶活性的影响。结果表明：取食高抗苜蓿品种的豌豆蚜在24 h时体内的超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、羧酸酯酶(Carboxylesterase,CarE)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(Glutathione-S-transferase,GST)和细胞色素P450s (Cytochrome P450s,P450s)活性最高,其存活率从12 h的85.3%降到46.7%;取食感虫苜蓿品种的豌豆蚜过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD),SOD和CarE活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势,过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性呈现先下降后上升的趋势,存活率从12 h的90.7%降到24 h的86.0%。从结果可以看出,抗虫品种对豌豆蚜的影响大于感虫品种,24 h为豌豆蚜通过酶活维持机体内代谢平衡的关键期,且CarE在豌豆蚜适应两苜蓿品种时起到重要的调控作用。 相似文献
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添加外源性酶对猪、鸡内源消化酶活性的影响 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
观察了猪、鸡不同类型饲粮中添加外源性酶制剂后对其内源性消化酶活性的影响。结果,玉米－豆粕型饲粮中添加外源酶后,３７及６７日龄丝毛乌骨鸡的小肠胰蛋白酶活性分别提高１３．１５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和９．４５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,总蛋白水解酶活性提高７．３０％（Ｐ＞０．０５）和１３．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,但α－淀粉酶活性无显著变化;高麸皮饲粮中添加外源酶可使４９日龄ＡＡ肉鸡的胰蛋白酶,总蛋白水解酶和α－淀粉酶活性分别提高４６．５０％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,１５．２０％（Ｐ＞０．０５）和７９．８０％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而对胰脏中α－淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性无显著影响;高次粉饲粮中添加外源酶可使杜长大仔猪的小肠总蛋白水解酶活性提高２１．００％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而对肠α－淀粉酶活性无显著影响;大麦－豆粕型饲粮中添加外源酶可使杜长大肥育猪的肠胰蛋白酶活性下降３６．９０％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,肠脂肪酶活性提高７２．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而对小肠α－淀粉酶和胰脏α－淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性无显著影响。据此认为,外源性酶与畜禽内源性消化酶活性的关系较为复杂,受到动物品种和饲粮类型的影响,尤其是后者。 相似文献
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The concentrations of plasma proteins and the activities of liver enzymes were measured every 2 weeks from weaning to slaughter in 21 beef cattle, and their livers were examined ultrasonographically every 4 weeks. Eight of the 9 cases of single or multiple liver abscesses were detected by ultrasonography but some individual abscesses, particularly those in the left side of the liver, remained undetected. The time at which the abscesses were first detected ranged from 4 to 20 (mean 12.5) weeks. There were only slight variations in the blood constituents and they were of no significant value in the diagnosis of the liver abscesses. 相似文献
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The effect of supplementing sheep with rapeseed and linseed oils on the activity of pancreatic digestive enzymes 
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下载免费PDF全文 Barbara Kowalik Małgorzata P. Majewska Renata Miltko Grzegorz Bełżecki 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(5):1194-1198
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of rapeseed and linseed oils added to the diet on pancreatic enzyme activities in sheep. The experiment was conducted on six adult sheep with a catheter introduced into the common bile–pancreatic duct and a T‐cannula into the duodenum. The animals were divided into three groups, two sheep in each. A twice‐replicated 3 × 3 Latin square was used in the experimental design. The sheep were fed meadow hay and the concentrate alone or the same ration supplemented with rapeseed or linseed oils at a dose of 5% of the basal diet. After adaptation period, a mixture of pancreatic and bile juice was collected for three consecutive days. The secretion of bile–pancreatic juice showed an increasing trend in sheep fed rapeseed and linseed oils (69.5 and 68.5 ml/hr respectively) in comparison with control ones (59.8 ml/hr). Lipase and trypsin activities were significantly increased when sheep were fed diets with rapeseed or linseed oils (175 and 21.6 or 179 and 23.2 U/L respectively) in comparison with those fed control diet (128 and 13.1 U/L respectively). It was concluded that oil as a dietary supplement can mainly modify the secretion of bile–pancreatic juice and enzymatic activity of the pancreas and also might affect animal production. 相似文献
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Strieker MJ Morris JG Avery EH Freedland RA Rogers QR 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(2):149-156
Previous experiments have shown that increasing the dietary crude protein (CP) of cats does not increase urea cycle enzymes or alanine amino transferase as occurs in rats. Also when an essential amino acid (EAA) is limiting in a diet for growing kittens, the kittens do not exhibit an amino acid imbalance when other EAAs are added to the diet. To study the metabolic basis for these observations which are different from that found in omnivores and herbivores, the hypothesis that increased dietary CP decreases methionine catabolism, so more is spared for growth, was tested. Fifteen male kittens were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments. Each diet contained 2.5 g l-methionine/kg diet and 200, 300 or 500 g CP/kg diet. The livers and kidneys were removed and assayed for methionine transaminase (MTA), cystathionase (CASE) and cystathionine synthase (CS). Free amino acid concentrations were determined in liver, kidney and plasma. The 300 and 500 g CP/kg groups had significantly greater kidney weights and body weight gains than the 200 g CP/kg group. Hepatic MTA activity was lower in the 300 than the 200 or 500 g CP/kg groups (p < 0.05). Renal MTA and CASE activities were 35% and 50% greater, respectively, for the 500 g CP/kg group than for the 200 g CP/kg diet group (p < 0.05). Renal CS activities for the 300 and 500 g CP/kg groups were 29% (p > 0.05) and 38% (p < 0.05) greater, respectively, than the 200 g CP/kg group. Cyst(e)ine concentrations were lower in the livers of the 500 g CP/kg group than the 200 g CP/kg group (p < 0.05). Cystathionine was lower in plasma and kidney from the 500 g CP/kg diet group than from the 200 g CP/kg diet group (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the metabolic basis for the increased growth of kittens fed diets marginally limiting in methionine, with increasing concentrations of dietary CP, was not mediated through decreased enzyme activity associated with the catabolism of methionine, but was the result of an increase in food (methionine) intake. 相似文献
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不同越冬饲料对蜜蜂中肠消化酶活性、组织发育状态以及抗氧化酶基因表达的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究不同越冬饲料对蜜蜂中肠消化酶活性、组织发育状态以及抗氧化酶基因表达的影响,以便为广大蜂农选择越冬饲料提供参考。在2015年10月底选取群势相当的本地意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)越冬蜂群(群内无储备越冬饲料脾)9群(5框蜂/群),随机分为3个试验组(3群/组),从11月2号开始分别以蜂蜜(蜂蜜组)、果葡糖浆(果葡糖浆组)和白砂糖水(白砂糖∶水=2∶1,蔗糖组)为越冬饲料进行饲喂,饲喂至11月下旬蜂群进入越冬期。整个试验期为2015年10月底至2016年3月初。分别于越冬前(11月初)、越冬中期(1月初)和越冬后(3月初)采集蜜蜂中肠,测定中肠消化酶(淀粉酶、蔗糖酶和蛋白酶)活性,在越冬中期采集蜜蜂中肠用于中肠组织发育状态和抗氧化酶基因[超氧化物歧化酶1(Sod1)、超氧化物歧化酶2(Sod2)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)]相对表达量等指标的检测。结果表明:在越冬中期,果葡糖浆组和蜂蜜组的蜜蜂中肠内淀粉酶活性显著高于蔗糖组(P0.05)。在越冬中期和越冬后,饲喂不同越冬饲料的蜜蜂中肠内蔗糖酶活性差异不显著(P0.05)。在越冬中期,果葡糖浆组的蜜蜂中肠内蛋白酶活性显著高于蔗糖组和蜂蜜组(P0.05)。蜂蜜组和蔗糖组的蜜蜂中肠肠壁厚度极显著大于果葡糖浆组(P0.01),且蜂蜜组和蔗糖组的蜜蜂中肠隐窝深度也极显著大于果葡糖浆组(P0.01)。在越冬中期,蔗糖组的蜜蜂中肠Sod1基因的相对表达量显著高于蜂蜜组和果葡糖浆组(P0.05)。由此得出,蜂蜜能够提高越冬蜂中肠消化酶活性,蜂蜜和白砂糖有利于越冬蜂中肠组织的发育,而且白砂糖能够提高越冬蜂中肠抗氧化酶基因的表达。因此,蜂蜜和白砂糖比果葡糖浆更适合作为蜜蜂的越冬饲料。 相似文献
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海带渣添加比例及其酶解产物对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化和非特异性免疫力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究海带渣添加比例及其酶解产物对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化和非特异性免疫力的影响,本试验进行了如下2个试验:海带渣适宜添加比例试验和海带渣酶解产物应用效果试验。海带渣适宜添加比例试验(试验1):采用单因素试验设计,配制海带渣添加比例分别为0(对照组)、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、3.0%、5.0%的6种饲料(分别记为D1~D6组),投喂初始体重为(1.00±0.10)g的凡纳滨对虾49 d后,对对虾的生长性能指标以及胃消化酶、血清非特异性免疫酶的活性进行测定。每组3个重复,每个重复35尾对虾。海带渣酶解产物应用效果试验(试验2):在试验1得出海带渣适宜添加比例为3.0%的基础上,以试验1中添加3.0%海带渣饲料作为海带渣对照组(A组),再分别用β-葡聚糖酶酶解海带渣(B组)和蛋白酶酶解海带渣(C组)等量替代A组饲料中的海带渣,投喂初始体重为(1.00±0.1)g的凡纳滨对虾56 d,试验结束后测定对虾的生长性能指标以及胃消化酶、血清非特异性免疫酶的活性。每组3个重复,每个重复35尾对虾。试验1结果显示:D4、D5组对虾的特定生长率、增重率显著高于对照组(P0.05),D5组对虾的饲料系数显著低于对照组(P0.05);随着海带渣添加比例的增加,胃中胃蛋白酶及血清中酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶的活性呈现先升高后下降的趋势,上述3种酶的活性均以D5组最高,且D5组血清中酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶的活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。试验2结果显示:与未经酶解的海带渣相比,海带渣经β-葡聚糖酶酶解后可显著提高对虾的增重率和特定生长率(P0.05),并能显著降低饲料系数(P0.05),海带渣经蛋白酶酶解后可显著提高对虾的成活率(P0.05);B和C组对虾的胃中纤维素酶活性较A组显著降低(P0.05);B和C组血清中酸性磷酸酶、酚氧化物酶活性以及C组血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于A组(P0.05)。由此得出,凡纳滨对虾饲料中海带渣的适宜添加比例为3.0%。海带渣经β-葡聚糖酶酶解后可促进凡纳滨对虾生长,提高其非特异性免疫力;而海带渣经蛋白酶酶解后可提高凡纳滨的非特异性免疫力,对其生长无促进作用。 相似文献
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芩研究测定4种液体酶(编号为L1、L2、L3、L4)中木聚糖酶的最适pH值范围、在猪胃液中的稳定性、3种温度(20、35、50℃)下的贮存稳定性,同时对这4种液体酶对麸皮与脱水玉米酒糟及可溶物(DDGS)的纤维体外降解能力进行了评估.结果表明L1、L2、L3、L4中木聚糖酶的原始酶活分别为4349、5042、18749、9314U/mL;在pH值为3.5时,L2的相对活性最高,其他酶在pH为5.5时相对活性最高.在猪胃液中保存8 h后,各酶中木聚糖酶的剩余活性依次为27.95%、46.39%、71.26%、61.26%.在20℃下贮存10周后,L1、L2、L3、L4中木聚糖酶的剩余酶活分别是47.32%、63.84%、83.12%、73.79%;在35℃下贮存10周后,其剩余酶活分别是6.95%、43.34%、29.87%、20.06%;在50℃贮存8周后,各液体酶的木聚糖酶都基本失活.4种液体酶对麸皮中的NDF的降解率均较佳,L2、L4时DDGS中NDF、麸皮和DDGS中半纤维素的降解率相对更高. 相似文献