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手术致山羊真胃左方变位对瘤胃VFA及血清胃泌素的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过手术人工制作的山羊真胃左方变位动物模型,采用气相色谱法测定瘤胃内容物挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fattyacids,VFA)含量、放射免疫法测定血清胃泌素(Gastrin,GS)含量。研究发现人工真胃变位可导致瘤胃内容物VFA组成比例发生改变,即乙酸、丙酸比例升高,且与变位程度呈正相关,从而导致瘤胃的消化代谢受到影响,使瘤胃微生物发酵能力降低,瘤胃蠕动迟缓。随真胃变位时间延长血清胃泌素含量逐渐增加,于手术后第7天后增加更为显著(P(0.01),胃泌素含量增幅与真胃变位程度也呈正相关,即髋结节变位组大于腹底壁变位组,变位组大于对照组。 相似文献
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选用4头3.5岁、体况良好(500±20)kg的中国西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究日粮添加丙酸镁(100g/d)、丙酸(87g/d)和氧化镁(24g/d)对西门塔尔牛瘤胃液pH和氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度的影响。结果表明:日粮添加丙酸镁、丙酸和氧化镁后,0h各组间pH差异不显著(P0.05),3h、6h丙酸镁和丙酸组pH较对照组和氧化镁组显著降低(P0.05),9h丙酸镁组pH与其他三组差异不显著(P0.05),丙酸镁组和丙酸组pH平均值较对照组和氧化镁组显著降低(P0.05);0h和9h各组间瘤胃液NH3-N浓度差异不显著(P0.05),3h和6h丙酸镁组瘤胃液NH3-N浓度显著低于其他组(P0.05),丙酸镁组瘤胃液NH3-N浓度平均值显著低于其他组(P0.05)。本试验条件下,日粮中添加丙酸镁可降低西门塔尔牛瘤胃液pH和NH3-N浓度。 相似文献
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[目的]研究不同热应激条件下添加二氢吡啶对奶牛瘤胃发酵功能的影响。[方法]试验选取6头三胎次泌乳中期中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用自身前后对照,分为4个时期:无应激且不添加二氢吡啶(NS-ND)、无应激添加二氢吡啶(NS-D)、应激但不添加二氢吡啶(S-ND)、应激且添加二氢吡啶(S-D),二氢吡啶添加量为每头牛3.0g/d(即0.6mg/kg体重)。[结果]S-ND时期与NS-ND时期相比,瘤胃液中pH值降低,NH3-N浓度极显著升高(P0.01),瘤胃液内挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的浓度显著下降(P0.01),其中乙酸的百分比含量下降,丙酸和丁酸的百分比含量升高,但差异不显著(P0.05),乙丙比呈稍下降趋势,差异不显著(P=0.13);应激和无应激时期添加二氢吡啶后,有使瘤胃液pH降低的趋势,NH3-N浓度均显著降低(P0.01),VFA的浓度显著提高(P0.01),乙丙比显著增高(P0.01)。[结论]添加二氢吡啶对提高热应激时期奶牛瘤胃的发酵功能有良好效果。 相似文献
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随着奶牛集约化饲养规模的扩大和产奶量的提高,奶牛真胃变位的发病率逐渐增多。大多数研究者认为,真胃中挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)能明显抑制真胃平滑肌的收缩,导致真胃弛缓。VFA中对动物体代谢作用最为重要的有乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,其中乙酸含量最高,占VFA总量的70%～75%。试验进行了不同浓度的乙酸及其钠盐对真胃平滑肌收缩影响的研究,表明8～20mmol/L和21～35mmol/L的乙酸能显著抑制真胃平滑肌的收缩强度(P0.01);40～50mmol/L乙酸能增大真胃平滑肌的收缩强度(P0.05);60～75mmol/L的乙酸和2～5mmol/L乙酸钠对离体真胃平滑肌的收缩均没有显著影响(P0.05)。 相似文献
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为了探讨第四胃变位牛血液及第一、四胃胃液的临床生化学变化,对左方变位和右方变位牛各15例剖腹前及术后第7日的变化情况进行了检查。术前可见血液浓缩,血清Cl、K、Ca 浓度降低,第一胃胃液的 Cl 浓度升高和 Na 浓度降低,第四胃胃液在总 VFA(低级脂肪酸)增加中,尤以丁酸浓度增加显著。上述各种变化,推断系食欲不振和变位而潴留的第四胃胃液逆流或吸收不良所致。其它变化,术前可见肝脏功能降低。 相似文献
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不同精粗比日粮对奶山羊瘤胃液pH值、VFA及血液VFA含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在探讨不同精粗比日粮对奶山羊瘤胃液pH值、VFA以及血液中VFA含量的影响。选择8只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的奶山羊作为试验动物,采用完全随机分组试验设计随机分为2组,分别饲喂精粗比为6∶4和4∶6的日粮,预饲期15 d,采样期3 d。结果表明,高精料组(HC组)瘤胃液pH值显著低于低精料组(HR组)(P<0.05);在采食后3 h,HC组与HR组瘤胃液pH值均下降至最低值,分别为5.71和6.08。除了乙酸含量外,HC组瘤胃液丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸以及总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量分别比HR组提高4.99%、5.58%、21.81%、17.95%、18.27%、1.66%。HC组血浆中各种VFA的含量均高于HR组,其中丙酸、丁酸含量两组间差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。HC组瘤胃液以及血浆中乙酸与丙酸比值均低于HR组,但两组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。HC组瘤胃液乙酸、丙酸、TVFA浓度在采食后2 h达到最大值,HR组在采食后3 h达到最大值,两组日粮血浆中VFA浓度均在采食后2 h达到最大值,然后逐渐恢复到采食前水平。结论:高精料日粮导致瘤胃液pH值显著降低,瘤胃液和血浆中VFA含量增加;瘤胃液VFA生成速率HC组高于HR组。 相似文献
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本实验旨在研究围产期奶牛瘤胃微生物区系的反应。选择年龄、胎次、体况和预产期相近的干奶牛30头,产前21 d设为围产前期组,产后21 d设为围产后期组。选择14头奶牛分别在产前7 d和产后14 d采集瘤胃液,测定瘤胃发酵参数和微生物细菌菌群。结果表明：1)与围产前期相比,围产后期奶牛瘤胃液的pH和乙酸/丙酸降低(P<0.01),乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度均提高(P<0.01);2)门水平上,围产后期奶牛瘤胃液拟杆菌门、变形菌门、蓝藻门和放线菌门相对丰度高于围产前期(P<0.01或P<0.05),厚壁菌门、纤维杆菌门、Kiritimatiellaeota和软壁菌门相对丰度低于围产前期(P<0.01或P<0.05);属水平上,围产后期奶牛瘤胃液普雷沃氏菌属＿7、毛螺旋菌科NK3A20群、琥珀酸弧菌科UCG-001和Shuttleworthia相对丰度高于围产前期(P<0.01),瘤胃球菌科＿NK4A214群属、克里斯滕森菌R-7群属、理研菌科RC9肠道群属、产乙酸糖发酵菌、普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003属和丁酸弧菌属＿2相对丰度均低... 相似文献
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为了解奶牛真胃左方变位(LDA)手术前后血液生化指标的变化,跟踪采集了100头围产期奶牛产后7、14、21和28 d尾静脉血液,后经确诊6例LDA患牛进行手术整复,并随机选择6头相应的健康牛为对照。通过检测12头牛手术前后1周血清中游离脂肪酸(NEFA)和β-羟丁酸(BHBA)等21项生化指标,调查患LDA奶牛机体能量代谢、肝功能和电解质状况,并分析手术前、后生化指标的变化。结果显示:术前多数患LDA奶牛机体能量负平衡指标升高,肝功能指标不同程度的升高,电解质变化不一;术后牛机体能量代谢指标多数恢复正常,肝功能指标部分恢复正常,部分仍升高,电解质多恢复正常。 相似文献
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EPA/DHA对体外发酵及瘤胃液脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平的DHA/EPA对体外发酵和瘤胃液脂肪酸变化的影响。试验通过采用持续动态人工瘤胃装置,向发酵罐中添加EPA/DHA,连续培养7 d,分析脂肪酸组成的变化及发酵模式的改变。试验结果表明,日粮添加EPA/DHA使瘤胃液pH升高（与CK相比,Trt1和Trt2分别升高了0.11和0.35）,Trt2 与CK相比差异极显著（P<0.01）;与CK相比处理组3种主要挥发酸中乙酸浓度下降（P<0.01）,丙酸浓度升高(P<0.01),丁酸浓度下降(P<0.01),总挥发性脂肪酸浓度与对照组相比略有下降但差异不显著（P>0.05）;日粮添加EPA/DHA使瘤胃液脂肪酸成分发生改变。与CK相比处理组C18∶0含量显著下降（P<0.01）; t 11 C18∶1含量显著升高（P<0.01）;c-9,t-11 CLA含量显著升高（P<0.01）,但是两组之间差异均不显著。因此,日粮中添加不同水平的EPA/DHA可以改变瘤胃发酵模式,影响不饱和脂肪酸瘤胃氢化过程,使脂肪酸组成发生改变,为采用新的营养措施调控反刍动物产品中CLA的含量提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Intravenous fluid therapy is valuable as primary or ancillary therapy for many conditions in calves. The first step in developing an intravenous fluid plan is determination of the volume needed to replace the fluid deficit, estimated on the basis of clinical signs. The parenteral solution to be used is chosen to be similar in electrolyte composition to the fluid lost. Abnormalities of specific electrolytes, acid-base balance, and energy metabolism can be addressed during volume replacement; this requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of the primary clinical abnormality. The fluid delivery system is composed of an administration set and an intravenous catheter. The administration set allows sterile delivery and regulation of the rate of administration. An intravenous catheter is selected, inserted, and maintained to minimize the potential for catheter-related complications. 相似文献
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J R Cook D B DeNicola 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1988,18(3):475-499
It is hoped that we have demonstrated that collection, handling, and limited analysis of CSF samples from the dog and cat are relatively simple. No special equipment or handling is required, and the procedures are within the capabilities of any veterinarian interested in performing them. In addition, although this article was not intended to present a detailed discussion on the interpretation of the analysis of CSF, we have demonstrated some very practical interpretations to the various aspects of a routine CSF analysis. When combined with a signalment, complete history, and thorough general physical and neurologic examination, CSF analysis can prove invaluable in the workup of an animal with a neurologic disorder. Relatively simple laboratory procedures can be helpful in differentiating peripheral blood contamination from true intrathecal hemorrhage, in identifying an active inflammatory process, in potentially characterizing an etiologic agent, and, on rare occasions, in identifying primary or metastatic neoplastic disease involving the CNS. In many cases, the above is not directly possible, because the changes observed in our routine analysis are nonspecific. Yet, documenting and following these "nonspecific" alterations are helpful in determining if there is progression or regression of the disease process. In turn, these changes or lack of changes are helpful in identifying if the proper therapy has been instituted and if additional or different therapy is required. 相似文献
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试验研究了市售8种不同来源木聚糖酶在模拟胃、肠液中的稳定性。分别将不同来源木聚糖酶产品在模拟胃、肠液中培养0、1、2和3h后测定其酶活存留率,用以评估不同来源木聚糖酶在模拟胃、肠液中的稳定性。结果表明：8种木聚糖酶在模拟胃、肠液中的稳定性差异较大,在模拟胃液中,耐受性最好的是酶Ⅳ、酶Ⅶ和酶Ⅷ,3 h后存留率分别为：105%、98%和106%;耐受性最差的为酶Ⅰ,3 h后存留率仅为4%;在模拟肠液中,耐受性最好的是酶Ⅰ,3 h后存留率为99%;耐受性最差的为酶Ⅳ,3 h后存留率为44%。 相似文献
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Maja J. Drozdzynska Yu-Mei Chang Giacomo Stanzani Ludovic Pelligand 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):22-30
Objectives
Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) based on pulse pressure variation (PPV) was used in anaesthetized dogs undergoing abdominal surgeries. The aims were 1) to evaluate the success rate of the PPV ≥13% in detecting fluid responsiveness [delta stroke volume (ΔSV) ≥10%]; 2) to assess the correlation between PPV, systolic pressure variation (SPV), Plethysmograph Variability Index (PVI) and central venous pressure (CVP) and 3) to establish the threshold value for the PVI that would predict a PPV value of ≥13% and indirectly discriminate responders from nonresponders to fluid therapy.Study design
Clinical, prospective, interventional study.Animals
A total of 63 client-owned dogs scheduled for abdominal procedures.Methods
PPV and SPV were calculated manually from the invasive blood pressure trace on the Datex monitor. PVI was recorded from the Masimo pulse oximeter. Fluid challenge (10 mL kg?1 Compound Sodium Lactate) was performed when PPV was ≥13% and/or mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 60 mmHg. Fluid responsiveness was assessed by the transoesophageal Doppler probe. Cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, MAP, PPV, SPV, PVI, SV and if available, CVP) were measured before and after each fluid intervention.Results
PPV ≥ 13% reliably predicted fluid responsiveness in 82.9% of cases. There was positive correlation between PPV and SPV (r = 0.84%), PPV and logPVI (r = 0.46) as well as SPV and logPVI (r = 0.45). Noninvasive PVI value ≥13% should predict PPV threshold value (13%) with 97% sensitivity and 68% specificity. There was no statistically significant correlation between PPV and CVP.Conclusions
PPV is a useful clinical tool to detect occult hypovolaemia and predict cardiovascular response to fluid challenge. Use of PPV is recommended as a part of GDFT in dogs undergoing abdominal procedures. 相似文献18.
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Enteral fluids administered alone, or in conjunction with intravenous fluids, are reported to be useful for the treatment of dehydration and electrolyte loss associated with diarrhoea in a number of species, following exercise in horses and for feed impaction of the large intestine of horses. Enteral fluids are suitable for treatment of mild to moderately dehydrated patients with some intact intestinal epithelium and motile small intestine. In patients that will drink voluntarily or tolerate nasal intubation the use of enteral fluids may avoid the complications associated with intravenous fluid administration. However the labour costs associated with repeated nasal intubation in intensively managed patients requiring large volumes of fluids may make the use of enteral fluids less economical than intravenous fluid administration. Enteral fluid use alone is contraindicated in patients that are severely dehydrated and/or in hypovolaemic shock, however, if used in conjunction with intravenous fluids, the effects of villous atrophy and malnutrition may be ameliorated and the duration of hospitalisation shortened. There is a variety of commercially available enteral fluids available to veterinary practitioners. While the key components of these fluids are sodium, chloride and carbohydrates, the amounts of ions and other ingredients such as potassium, alkalising agents, amino acids and shortchain fatty acids may vary. The species of the animal, the underlying condition, and the constituents of the fluid, should influence the choice of an enteral fluid. 相似文献
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Inflammatory mediators in equine synovial fluid 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Enzyme immunoassay for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and radioimmunoassays for prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α, 6-keto-PGF1α, and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were performed on synovial fluid from normal middle carpal joints of 10 horses, and from 30 middle carpal or antebrachiocarpal joints of horses affected by degenerative joint disease and chip fractures to compare the concentrations of inflammatory mediators. Significantly greater concentrations of PGE2 were detected in fluid from affected than from control joints, but there were no significant differences in the mean concentrations of PGF2α, 6-keto-PGF1α, and LTB4. 相似文献