共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 468 毫秒
1.
Suyundukov Ya. T. Suyundukova M. B. Bezuglova O. S. Khabirov I. K. Khasanova R. F. Semenova I. N. Rafikova Yu. S. Ilbulova G. R. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(1):27-35
Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific... 相似文献
2.
3.
Kholodov V. A. Farkhodov Y. R. Yaroslavtseva N. V. Ziganshina A. R. Maksimovich S. V. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(7):998-1004
Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,... 相似文献
4.
5.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):1631-1646
Abstract Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados. 相似文献
6.
Ye. V. Rogozhina N. V. Kostina L. S. Malyukova 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2011,66(1):32-35
An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and
pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the
course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation
was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the
acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils
of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn
periods. 相似文献
7.
The rate of popping of popcorn was measured in oil and in air. Kinetic data for lifetimes of individual kernels from a large population were obtained in oil at six constant temperatures (180–250°C) and also in an air‐popper at 202°C. The data are characterized by an induction period, which is, significantly, followed by a first‐order decrease in the number of unpopped kernels versus time. The activation energy for the first order process is 166.7 kJ/mol between 180 and 210°C, and 53.8 kJ/mol between 210 and 250°C. These data are consistent with a model that assumes 1) that the rate of heat transfer into a kernel follows Newton's law of cooling; 2) that in a sample of kernels there exists a distribution of critical pressures; 3) that for an individual kernel, the probability of popping is directly proportional to the difference between the internal aqueous vapor pressure and the kernel's critical pressure; and 4) that the measured rate constant at any temperature is an average overall of the kernels in the sample with critical pressures equal to or less than the internal aqueous vapor pressure. Minimum popping temperatures predicted by the model are 181 ± 2°C (oil) and 187 ± 2°C (air), in good agreement with previously reported direct measurements. 相似文献
8.
物联网是一个集信息通信、数据交换、传感器技术与软件工程于一体的综合性产业,探讨和分析了物联网的结构体系与发展中遇到的安全问题。 相似文献
9.
荔枝种子从果实中剥离出来后, 即使在室内条件下, 也极易失水干缩, 潮湿环境中又易发霉而腐烂。扫描电镜观察表明: 种皮上布满纹孔, 水分散失面积很大; 种脐部为疏松的海绵组织, 且营养丰富。据此, 生产上应对种子彻底清洗, 并保存于适当湿度的环境中, 以提高其发芽率。 相似文献
10.
三门峡水库库岸坍塌成因分析与防治措施研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
三门峡水库自1960年9月蓄水运行以来,库岸坍塌现象频繁发生,平均每年塌岸0.5～0.7亿m3.指出了造成库岸坍塌的原因主要是地质环境的影响以及水力条件的变化;不同的地形、地貌、地质结构和岩性特征,表现了不同的塌岸强度,其中黄土塬区为极强塌岸段,黄河Ⅱ级阶地为强烈塌岸段,黄河Ⅰ级阶地为中等强烈塌岸段;分析了引起库岸坍塌的主要水力条件有大气降水、地表水和地下水,并且不同水力条件及其变化特征,对库岸坍塌影响的方式和程度也不同;最后给出了防治库岸坍塌应采用标本兼治的原则,治标是指对塌岸进行必要的加固、支挡、衬砌等;治本就是根据引起塌岸的原因以及不同地质环境条件下的塌岸特征和水力条件,因地制宜,因害设防,从根本上进行综合治理. 相似文献
11.
Max Frenzel Philip James Sara K. Burton Steven J. Rowland Hilary M. Lappin-Scott 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2009,9(2):129-136
Background, aim and scope Unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) of aromatic hydrocarbons are widespread, but often overlooked, environmental contaminants.
Since UCMs are generally rather resistant to bacterial degradation, bioremediation of UCM-contaminated sites by bacteria is
a challenging goal. Branched chain alkyltetralins are amongst the individual classes of components of aromatic UCMs which
have been identified in hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments and a number of synthetic alkyltetralins have proved toxic in laboratory
studies. Thus, alkyltetralins should perhaps be amongst the targets for UCM bioremediation strategies. The slow degradation
of several alkyltetralins by a microbial consortium has been reported previously; however, the bacteria involved remain unidentified
and no single strain capable of alkyltetralin biodegradation has been isolated. The present project therefore aimed to enrich
and identify bacterial consortia and single strains of bacteria from a naturally hydrocarbon-contaminated site (Whitley Bay,
UK), which were capable of the degradation of two synthetic alkyltetralins (6-cyclohexyltetralin (CHT) and 1-(3’-methylbutyl)-7-cyclohexyltetralin
(MBCHT)).
Materials and methods Bacteria were enriched from sediment collected from Whitley Bay, UK by culturing with CHT and MBCHT for a period of 4 months.
Biodegradation experiments were then established and degradation of model compounds monitored by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Internal standards allowed the generation of quantitative data. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from individual
enrichments to allow assessment of microbial community structure. Selective media containing MBCHT were used to isolate single
bacterial strains. These strains were then tested in liquid culture for their ability to degrade MBCHT.
Results The consortia obtained through enrichment culture were able to degrade 87% of CHT and 76% of MBCHT after only 46 days compared
with abiotic controls. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene clone libraries of these bacteria were dominated by sequences of Rhodococcus spp. Using selective media, a strain of Rhodococcus was then isolated that was also able to biodegrade 63% of MBCHT in only 21 days.
Discussion The present report describes the isolation of a single bacterial strain able to degrade the resistant MBCHT. Although significant
losses of MBCHT were observed, putative metabolites were not detectable. Rhodococcus sp. have been reported previously to be able to biodegrade a range of hydrocarbon compounds.
Recommendations and perspectives Due to their environmental persistence and toxicity, aromatic UCMs require bioremediation. The culturing and identification
of such bacteria capable of rapid degradation of alkyltetralins may be an important step toward the development of bioremediation
strategies for sites contaminated with toxic UCMs. 相似文献
13.
Unity of mechanisms of water and wind erosion of soils 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An equation for the threshold velocity of the water or wind flow at which erosion of a homogeneous model soil begins was derived on the basis of accepted and explicitly formulated suppositions and limitations and tested using experimental data. The validity of the proposed mechanisms and equations describing the lifting force of the soil-eroding water or wind flow and the interaggregate cohesion in a model homogeneous incoherent soil was confirmed. The limit for the decrease in the threshold flow velocity with decreasing size of the soil particles (aggregates) was theoretically substantiated. The first unified equation of the threshold velocity of the water or wind flow for a homogeneous model soil in dimensionless variables was derived and experimentally justified. 相似文献
14.
大豆连作障碍的研究进展 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
从生物学、微生物学和植物营养生理学的角度及诸多障碍因子等方面,综合评述和分析了国内外大豆连作研究的现状,阐述了目前国内外学者提出的各种应对连作问题的策略和技术措施,提出大豆连作障碍研究仍有待解决的问题和研究方向。 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
烘焙对生物质热解产物特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：7，他引：1
烘焙可有效地降低生物质中的水分和氧,对其热解过程有显著的影响。该文主要研究了烘焙温度（200,230,260,290℃）对生物质热解过程及产物特性的影响行为及影响机制;研究发现烘焙能改善热解产物的品质,随着烘焙温度的升高,热解合成气中CO含量由48%逐渐减少到34%,CH4和H2增加,其中H2含量最大增加了77.4%,而液体产物中,乙酸和水分含量逐渐减小,水分含量最大减少了42.8%,而酚类产物的含量明显增加,有利于生物油品质的提高。该研究为烘焙技术的发展和生物质高效热化学转化提供科学参考。 相似文献
18.
文冠果具有适应性强、结果早、产量高和寿命长等特点,种子含油率达30.8%,种仁含油率52%～66%,不仅可用作食用油原料,也可以作为加工机器油、润滑油等工业用油的原料。经济价值很高,也是良好的水土保持树种。大力发展文冠果,对加快黄土地区的生态恢复和促进生物质能源发展及农民增收均具有重大的战略意义。文章介绍了其育苗与造林技术。 相似文献
19.
在室内模拟水槽中分别用质心运动学原理、电解质脉冲法和流量法3种方法测量不同坡度、不同泥沙含量条件下的薄层水流流速。比较以上3种测量结果发现在下垫面无渗透时，即加入的盐液没有损失时，电解质脉冲法测量坡面薄层水流流速与质心运动速度及流量法测量结果基本是一致的。在泥沙含量较大时，电解质脉冲法测量结果的误差较大，流量对测量结果影响不显著；随着测量距离的延长，测量误差变小，这可能是随着测量距离的增加，加入电解质的时间与测量时间之比减小，从而使假设加入的电解质为电解质脉冲更加合理。总的来说，电解质脉冲法在实验条件下测量坡面薄层水流流速是可行的。 相似文献
20.
《Cereal Chemistry》2017,94(5):840-846
Currently, production of pasta that is either gluten‐free or having lower content of gluten, using low‐cost nonwheat cereals and legumes, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. This is mainly done to increase the nutritional value and reduce the allergenicity of the product. The quality attributes of pasta prepared from micronized maize flour with additives such as guar gum (MPG) and a combination of guar and xanthan gum (MPGX) were compared with pasta prepared from unmicronized flour with guar gum (UMPG). The optimum cooking time for pasta in all three cases (UMPG, MPG, and MPGX) was 3 min. The cooked weight of pasta MPG and MPGX was less compared with UMPG, indicating limited water penetration during cooking. The solid loss of pasta ranged between 8 and 9.5% and was within acceptable levels (<12%). Micronization increased the firmness in MPG (3.7 N) and MPGX (4.5 N) compared with UMPG pasta (2.7 N). MPGX pasta exhibited improved texture, color, and overall acceptability compared with UMPG, and these quality attributes were also comparable to commercial wheat pasta. The study indicated that micronized maize flour with gums can be used in the preparation of maize pasta with good quality attributes. 相似文献