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1.
Bordetella bronchiseptica phase I organism possesses a capsule and has the ability to agglutinate with K antiserum, although phase III organism lacks both. The present study examines the effect of sulfamonomethoxine (SMMX) on capsule formation of B. bronchiseptica. I also investigated whether or not the organisms possessed a capsule by bacterial agglutination with K antiserum. Three SMMX-resistant strains of B. bronchiseptica phase I organisms showed loss of agglutinability with K antiserum by culturing them at a higher concentration of 1.56 micrograms/ml of SMMX. These results indicated that capsule formation of SMMX-resistant B. bronchiseptica is inhibited by SMMX.  相似文献   

2.
The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of sulfonamides were determined against Bordetella bronchiseptica (n = 10), Pasteurella multocida (n = 10), Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (n = 20), and Streptococcus suis (n = 10) strains isolated from pigs with atrophic rhinitis, pneumonia, or meningitis. Sulfonamides tested in an agar dilution method were sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, sulfadoxine, sulfisoxazole, sulfamerazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfanilamide, sulfatroxazole, and sulfisomidine. Results indicated that monotherapy of S suis infections with sulfonamides should not be encouraged because the MIC50 of all sulfonamides investigated was greater than 32 micrograms/ml. The MIC50 of the sulfonamides against B bronchiseptica ranged from 0.5 to 8 micrograms/ml, against P multocida from 2 to 32 micrograms/ml, and against H pleuropneumoniae from 8 to 64 micrograms/ml. The MIC50 of sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethoxazole for the gram-negative bacteria did not exceed 16 micrograms/ml. Among these compounds, sulfamethoxazole had the highest activity. The frequently prescribed sulfamethazine had an overall low antimicrobial activity.  相似文献   

3.
猪肉中磺胺类药物残留检测能力验证分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为了解我国食品检测实验室的磺胺类药物残留检测能力,中国合格评定国家认可委员会(CNAS)于2011年委托中国兽医药品监察所组织实施了猪肉中磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺二甲氧嘧啶四种磺胺类药物残留检测的能力验证工作。全国16个省、市、自治区的共37家实验室参加了本次能力验证,采用的测试方法主要是液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)。结果显示:磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺二甲氧嘧啶实验室满意结果率分别为93.9%、93.9%、93.9%和94.1%,可疑结果率分别为3.03%、3.03%、0和0,不满意结果率分别为3.03%、3.03%、6.06%和5.88%,说明参加能力验证的绝大多数实验室可以准确检测以上四种磺胺类药物残留。  相似文献   

4.
A total of 92 canine/feline Pasteurella multocida strains form respiratory tract infections or infections of skin/ear/mouth as well as 42 canine/feline Bordetella bronchiseptica strains from respiratory tract infections were investigated for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. While the P. multocida strains were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested - except sulfonamides -, a considerable number of the B. bronchiseptica strains was resistant or exhibited high MIC values against a number of antimicrobial agents including penicillin G, oxacillin, cefazolin, ceftiofur, cefquinome, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.  相似文献   

5.
The in vitro antimicrobial activities of aditoprim (AP), a new dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor, trimethoprim (TMP), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and combinations of these drugs against some porcine respiratory tract pathogens were determined by use of an agar dilution method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these agents were determined twice against Bordetella bronchiseptica (n = 10), Pasteurella multocida (n = 10), and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (n = 20) strains isolated from pigs suffering from atrophic rhinitis or pleuropneumonia. All B bronchiseptica strains were resistant to AP and TMP. The MIC50 values of AP and TMP for P multocida were 0.25 and 0.06 microgram/ml, respectively, and for A pleuropneumoniae, 1 and 0.25 microgram/ml, respectively. The MIC50 values of SDM and SMX for B bronchiseptica were 4 and 1 micrograms/ml, respectively; for P multocida, 16 and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively; and for A pleuropneumoniae, 16 and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively. The investigated combinations of the DHFR inhibitors and the selected sulfonamides had synergism for the A pleuropneumoniae strains; the MIC90 values of the combinations were less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml. Potentiation was not observed for the B bronchiseptica and the P multocida isolates. The MIC of the combinations against B bronchiseptica and P multocida corresponded respectively to the concentrations of the sulfonamides and the DHFR inhibitors in the combinations. For A pleuropneumoniae, 2 types of strains were used (25% of serotype 2 and 75% of serotype 9). Type-2 strains had lower susceptibility than type-9 strains to AP and TMP as well as to SDM and SMX (at least a fourfold difference in MIC between the 2 types of strains).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVE: To examine effects of co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs. ANIMALS: Forty 3-week-old pigs. Procedure-30 pigs (10 pigs/group) were inoculated with PRRSV, B bronchiseptica, or both. Ten noninoculated pigs were control animals. RESULTS: Clinical signs, febrile response, and decreased weight gain were most severe in the group inoculated with both organisms. The PRRSV was isolated from all pigs in both groups inoculated with virus. All pigs in both groups that received PRRSV had gross and microscopic lesions consistent with interstitial pneumonia. Bordetella bronchiseptica was cultured from all pigs in both groups inoculated with that bacterium. Colonization of anatomic sites by B bronchiseptica was comparable between both groups. Pigs in the group that received only B bronchiseptica lacked gross or microscopic lung lesions, and B bronchiseptica was not isolated from lung tissue. In the group inoculated with B bronchiseptica and PRRSV, 3 of 5 pigs 10 days after inoculation and 5 of 5 pigs 21 days after inoculation had gross and microscopic lesions consistent with bacterial bronchopneumonia, and B bronchiseptica was isolated from the lungs of 7 of those 10 pigs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinical disease was exacerbated in co-infected pigs, including an increased febrile response, decreased weight gain, and B bronchiseptica-induced pneumonia. Bordetella bronchiseptica and PRRSV may circulate in a herd and cause subclinical infections. Therefore, co-infection with these organisms may cause clinical respiratory tract disease and leave pigs more susceptible to subsequent infection with opportunistic bacteria.  相似文献   

7.
Bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic type-D Pasteurella multocida were cultured from pigs in each of five herds diagnosed as having severe atrophic rhinitis (AR). B. bronchiseptica alone, P. multocida alone, or both organisms isolated from four herds were inoculated intranasally into 1-week-old gnotobiotic pigs which were necropsied 4 weeks post-inoculation (PI). Nasal turbinate atrophy in B. bronchiseptica-inoculated pigs was moderate to severe, while P. multocida-inoculated pigs had slight to severe atrophy. Pigs inoculated with both organisms had moderate to complete turbinate atrophy. P. multocida was reisolated at necropsy from all pigs receiving the organism except those having no turbinate damage. B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida from a fifth herd were simultaneously inoculated into six naturally farrowed 6-day-old SPF pigs. Necropsy performed 4 weeks PI revealed severe to complete turbinate atrophy. Nasal turbinates were normal for control pigs in both experiments.  相似文献   

8.
The objective of this study was to determine whether Bordetella bronchiseptica would predispose to colonization or disease with Haemophilus parasuis. Three experiments were completed. In the first experiment, three groups of pigs (10 pigs/group) were inoculated intranasally with either B. bronchiseptica, H. parasuis, or with B. bronchiseptica followed by H. parasuis 1 week later. A fourth group of 10 pigs served as a non-infected control group. The second experiment was like the first, except that there were only five pigs per experimental group. The third experiment consisted of only two groups (10 pigs/group), one of which was inoculated intranasally with H. parasuis, whereas the other was inoculated with B. bronchiseptica followed by H. parasuis 1 week later. Pigs were necropsied 1-2 weeks after inoculation with H. parasuis. Mean nasal colonization by H. parasuis was significantly higher in the coinfected groups compared to the groups infected with H. parasuis alone. Pneumonia was present in 9/25 pigs coinfected with B. bronchiseptica and H. parasuis, 5/25 pigs infected with H. parasuis alone, 1/15 pigs infected with B. bronchiseptica alone, and in none of the pigs in the non-inoculated groups. Thus, B. bronchiseptica increased colonization of the upper respiratory tract with H. parasuis.  相似文献   

9.
The interaction between Bordetella bronchiseptica and type D toxigenic Pasteurella multocida was studied in five groups of 4 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) piglets each. At 28 days of age, piglets of groups 3 and 4 were inoculated into both nostrils with 10(8) colony-forming-units (CFU) of a non-dermonecrotic toxin (DNT)-producing, phase I strain of B. bronchiseptica. Piglets of groups 1 and 3 were treated intranasally with a sonic extract of the non-toxic strain of B. bronchiseptica and those of groups 2 and 4 with B. bronchiseptica DNT into the left nostril. Sonic extract and DNT treatment was started at 33 days of age and lasted for 5 days. Piglets of group 5 served as controls. At the age of 37 days, piglets of all groups except group 5 were inoculated into both nostrils with 5 x 10(7) CFU of toxigenic P. multocida. At slaughter at 50 days of age, P. multocida was recovered from the left nasal cavity of 3 piglets of group 2 and all piglets of group 4. In piglets inoculated with B. bronchiseptica DNT the mucosal epithelial cells of the left nasal cavity showed loss of cilia, regressive lesions such as vacuolation, karyopycnosis and necrosis, hypertrophy of the epithelium, infiltration of the epithelium and submucosa by inflammatory cells, could also be seen. The results suggest that action of the B. bronchiseptica DNT on the nasal mucosa is a precondition of the growth of P. multocida in the nasal cavity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

10.
The effects of aflatoxin B1 on the development of the immune response to oil-adjuvanted Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine and on acquired resistance to bacterial challenge were studied in rabbits. The doses of aflatoxin used were insufficient to produce clinical intoxication. Rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups, each having six animals: control (T), vaccinated (V), and vaccinated plus aflatoxin (VA) at 0.05 mg/kg daily per os. Groups V and VA were vaccinated twice, and the three groups were subsequently challenged with virulent B. bronchiseptica. The average weight gain at weekly intervals was significantly reduced in group VA, and no statistically significant differences were found in the titers of agglutinating antibodies between groups V and VA. There were significant differences between groups V and VA in the extent and severity of the pneumonic process, group VA being most affected. Results indicated that agglutinating antibody titers were not related to the level of protection in the latter group. Other mechanisms, such as alveolar macrophage activity and cell-mediated immunity, were implicated in the impairment of the acquired resistance in rabbits subclinically intoxicated with aflatoxin.  相似文献   

11.
为研究氟喹诺酮类药物和磺胺类药物在治疗鸡大肠杆菌病时的相互作用,本试验采用肉汤稀释棋盘法,用恩诺沙星和磺胺间甲氧嘧啶对鸡致病性大肠杆菌进行了体外联合药敏试验。单药恩诺沙星和磺胺间甲氧嘧啶的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为32、256μg／mL;联合用药的MIC分别为8μg／mL和32μg／mL,经计算FIC指数为0．375。结果表明,恩诺沙星与磺胺间甲氧嘧啶联合用药对大肠杆菌呈现协同抗菌作用。  相似文献   

12.
建立了猪肉和牛奶中磺胺嘧啶（SD）、磺胺噻唑（ST）、磺胺二甲嘧啶（SM2）、磺胺甲氧嗪（SMP）、磺胺氯哒嗪（SPD）、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶（SMM）、磺胺甲基异嗯唑（SM2）、磺胺氯吡嗪（Esb3）、磺胺地索辛（SDM）和磺胺喹嗯啉（SQ）共10种磺胺类药物残留检测的超高效液相色谱（UPLC）法。色谱条件：色谱柱为Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱（2．1mm×50mm,1．7μm）;流动相为50％甲醇乙腈溶液-2％乙酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;紫外检测波长270nm;柱温30℃;进样量4μL;外标法定量。结果表明：10种组分在20～1000ng／mL浓度范围内,呈良好线性关系,相关系数R^2均大于0．998;方法检出限为20ng／g,定量限为50ng／g;在猪肉和牛奶中添加浓度分别为50、100、200ng／g时,平均回收率为75．1％～99．8％,批内、批间平均RSD均小于13．2％。  相似文献   

13.
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14.
This experiment was designed to determine whether a Bordetella bronchiseptica mutant that does not produce dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) is still capable of predisposing pigs to infection with toxigenic Pasteurella multocida. Three groups of pigs were initially inoculated intranasally with a wild type B. bronchiseptica that produces DNT, an isogenic mutant of B. bronchiseptica that does not produce DNT, or PBS. All pigs were then challenged intranasally with a toxigenic strain of P. multocida 4 days later. P. multocida was recovered infrequently and in low numbers from pigs initially inoculated with PBS, and no turbinate atrophy was present in these pigs. P. multocida was isolated in similar numbers from the pigs initially inoculated with either the wild type or the DNT mutant of B. bronchiseptica, and turbinate atrophy of a similar magnitude was also seen in pigs from both of these groups. Thus, although the DNT has been shown to be responsible for much of the pathology seen during infection with B. bronchiseptica by itself, infection with non-DNT-producing strains can still predispose to secondary respiratory infections with P. multocida.  相似文献   

15.
To establish the role of the dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) of Pasteurella multocida in the cause and pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis, germ-free pigs were inoculated with several strains of P multocida, crude DNT, or purified DNT. In some experiments, the aforementioned inocula were combined with Bordetella bronchiseptica. All DNT-producing P multocida strains induced severe turbinate atrophy. Histologic examination of the remnants of the nasal turbinates revealed intact, but undulated, ciliated epithelium and numerous osteoclasts. Inflammation was minimal or absent. A DNT-producing B bronchiseptica strain induced only mild turbinate atrophy. The lesions were characterized histologically by loss of cilia and ciliated cells and by an infiltration of predominantly mononuclear cells. Bone formation seemed impaired. Turbinate lesions were most severe in pigs infected with a combination of B bronchiseptica and a DNT-producing P multocida strain. Intranasal administration of sterile DNT-containing culture filtrate of P multocida or purified DNT of P multocida did not result in turbinate atrophy. In contrast, turbinate atrophy developed when these preparations were injected IM or when intranasal administration of DNT was preceded by inoculation of B bronchiseptica.  相似文献   

16.
Antimicrobial susceptibility data (n = 1501) and bacterial isolates (n = 258) of important bacterial pathogens from animals were collected in collaboration with eight Swiss laboratories from May 1999 to February 2000. Using these data, the antimicrobial resistance situation could be assessed for the following bacterial species: Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Haemophilus parasuis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Campylobacter jejuni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococci, and enterococci. Differences in the distribution of resistance between animal species could be evidenced in E. coli and salmonella. Some resistance frequency data were compared with those obtained in 1980. A significant increase of resistance frequency was observed for several antibiotics. This includes in particular an increase of ampicillin, gentamicin, and cotrimoxazole resistance in E. coli. A similar increase was observed in salmonella for ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and nalidixic acid. Staphylococci from dogs (S. intermedius and S. aureus) also presented a clear increase of resistance for penicillin, neomycin, sulfonamides, cotrimoxazole, and erythromycin. Finally, a comparison with data from abroad shows that the antibiotic resistance situation in Switzerland is relatively favorable.  相似文献   

17.
Young dogs of two age groups, six weeks and 12 weeks respectively, were infected by aerosol with a strain of Bordetella bronchiseptica which had been isolated from a dog with pneumonia. Clinical respiratory disease characterised by coughing and in some cases purulent nasal discharge was induced in both groups of infected dogs and also in dogs kept in contact. B bronchiseptica was recovered from the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi and lung parenchyma of infected and contact animals. At necropsy, masses of Gram-negative bacteria were found trapped in the cilia of the respiratory epithelia and there was an exudate containing neutrophils in the mucosae of the respiratory tract at all levels. A close similarity was noted between the lesions produced in the dog and those described in pertussis infection in man. Experimental respiratory disease in the dog due to B bronchiseptica may offer a model system for the study of the human disease.  相似文献   

18.
The study was aimed to explore the sensitivity of Eimeria acervulina （E.acervulina） precocious strain to some common anticoccidials (diclazuril, toltrazuril, sulfamonomethoxine, dinitolmide, decoquinate, nicarbazin, maduramicin, salinomycin and oxytetracycline). The sensitivity of E.acervulina precocious strain to 9 kinds anticoccidials was assessed by using 4 indices: anticoccidial activity percentage (POAA), reduction of lesion scores (RLS), relative oocyst production (ROP) and anticoccidial index (ACI). The results of these sensitivity trials indicated that the four indices POAA, RLS, ROP and ACI of groups toltrazuril, sulfamonomethoxine, dinitolmide, decoquinate, nicarbazin, salinomycin and oxytetracycline were all negative; the ROP index of diclazuril group was positive, the other three indices were negative. The ROP and ACI indices of maduramicin group were positive, the other two indices were negative. The results showed that the Eimeria acervulina precocious strain was sensitive to diclazuril, toltrazuril, sulfamonomethoxine, dinitolmide, decoquinate, nicarbazin, salinomycin and oxytetracycline, it was partly sensitive to maduramicin.  相似文献   

19.
The acute phase reaction, in association with progressive atrophic rhinitis (AR), was monitored for 3 wk using serum haptoglobin (HPT) quantification in thirty-six, 15 kg swine after intranasal challenge with varying doses of Pasteurella multocida type D (toxigenic strain) and Bordetella bronchiseptica. The challenge doses were administered alone or in combination with pigs divided into 9 isolated treatment groups. Increasing doses of B. bronchiseptica were associated with lower serum HPT (P < 0.05), whereas increasing doses of P. multocida tended to increase serum HPT (0.05 < P < 0.10). Significant and positive correlation of mean HPT and AR score was found in these pigs; increased AR scores were associated with elevated mean HPT concentration (r = 0.41, P < 0.01). A significant interaction between P. multocida and B. bronchiseptica dose indicated that increasing the dose of B. bronchiseptica, for a fixed P. multocida dose, was associated with less AR (P < 0.05). The AR scores were greater in pigs given P. multocida, than B. bronchiseptica alone. These results indicate that a complex interaction between Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica causes progressive atrophic rhinitis and alters serum HPT concentration in swine.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To compare antibody responses to intranasal and SC Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccines in seropositive dogs. DESIGN: Randomized controlled study. ANIMALS: 40 young adult Beagles vaccinated against B bronchiseptica. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (intranasal vaccine, SC vaccine, intranasal and SC vaccines, no vaccine) and vaccinated on day 0. Serum and salivary B bronchiseptica-reactive antibody responses were measured on days 0 through 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28. RESULTS: Dogs that were vaccinated with the SC vaccine, alone or in combination with the intranasal vaccine, had a significant increase in serum concentration of B bronchiseptica-reactive IgG beginning on day 5 and persisting through day 28. Dogs that were vaccinated with the intranasal vaccine alone had a significant increase in serum concentration of B bronchiseptica-reactive IgG beginning on day 10 and persisting through day 28, but serum IgG concentration in these dogs was significantly less than concentration in dogs that received the SC vaccine. Neither vaccine had a demonstrable effect on salivary concentrations of B bronchiseptica-reactive IgA or IgG. On day 10, all vaccinated groups had significantly higher serum IgA concentrations than did unvaccinated control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that the SC B bronchiseptica vaccine may be used to stimulate antibody responses in seropositive dogs. There was no apparent benefit to administering these vaccines simultaneously. Intranasal vaccines may not be effective for booster vaccination of dogs previously exposed to or immunized against B bronchiseptica. Dogs should be vaccinated at least 5 days prior to exposure to B bronchiseptica.  相似文献   

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