首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Fifty-seven Standardbred and 44 Thoroughbred racehorses and 1 Thoroughbred polo mare with primary clinical signs of exercise intolerance or respiratory tract noise or combined exercise intolerance and respiratory tract noise were referred for laser correction of epiglottic entrapment. Significantly (P less than 0.001) more Standardbred than Thoroughbred racehorses were affected, compared with the observed hospital population during the same period. At referral, 14 horses did not have evident epiglottic entrapment and were returned to exercise without development of entrapment after treatment, which consisted of 1 week of rest and administration of anti-inflammatory medication. In 88 standing horses under sedation and topical anesthesia, epiglottic entrapment was corrected transendoscopically by use of a contact neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser. In these 88 horses, 98% of entrapments were persistent, 92% were thick, 97% were wide, and 45% were ulcerated. Thirty-one percent of the horses had endoscopic evidence of epiglottic hypoplasia, and 8% had deviated epiglottic axis. Complete correction was achieved in 97% of the horses, Persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate in 1 horse and severe epiglottic hypoplasia with thick, chronic entrapping membranes in 2 horses precluded successful transendoscopic correction with the horses in standing position. Most horses were treated on an outpatient basis, and all were able to be returned to exercise after 7 to 14 days of rest and treatment with anti-inflammatory medication. Entrapment recurred in 4 horses (5%), 3 of which had hypoplastic epiglottis. Dorsal displacement of the soft palate developed after surgery in 9 horses (10%) and continued in 4 horses (5%) that had displaced soft palate before surgery. All these horses had epiglottic hypoplasia. Laser correction of epiglottic entrapment in standing horses was safe, well tolerated, and effective. Laser surgery was an alternative to conventional surgery, and eliminated the need for general anesthesia and laryngotomy. It also reduced convalescence and postoperative complications.  相似文献   

2.
A lateral radiograph of the pharyngeal region provides a technique for identifying pharyngeal disorders, including entrapment of the epiglottic cartilage and dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Epiglottic cartilage length, predicted from radiographs by measurement from the body of the thyroid cartilage to the tip of the epiglottis (thyroepiglottic length), was well correlated to actual length at postmortem examination (r2 = 0.98). Thyroepiglottic length, corrected for magnification, was 8.76 +/- 0.44 cm in 24 healthy Thoroughbreds. Nine Thoroughbreds with entrapment of the epiglottic cartilage and 6 with dorsal displacement of the soft palate had significantly short thyroepiglottic lengths--6.59 +/- 0.33 cm and 6.43 +/- 0.40 cm, respectively. The nasopharyngeal diameter of the Thoroughbreds with dorsal displacement of the soft palate was significantly less than the nasopharyngeal diameter of healthy Thoroughbreds. There was no significant difference between healthy and abnormal Thoroughbreds for pharyngoepiglottic, laryngeal, or tracheal measurements as determined from the lateral radiographs. The head should be placed in a normal resting position to obtain the pharyngeal radiograph. Maximum dorsiflexion of the head significantly increased the pharyngoepiglottic distance, whereas maximum ventriflexion significantly decreased this distance. The nasopharyngeal diameter during dorsiflexion was significantly greater than during ventriflexion. This investigation documented that a lateral pharyngeal radiograph provides important diagnostic information for evaluating suspected pharyngeal disorders in Thoroughbreds with airway obstruction of the cranial part of the respiratory tract.  相似文献   

3.
ObjectivesTo determine normal resting values for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in healthy Standardbred, Thoroughbred and Warmblood horses and investigate if racing has an influence on cTnI concentrations.BackgroundMeasuring cTnI concentrations in plasma is the gold standard for detecting myocardial injury in humans. Cardiac troponin I is highly conserved between species and has gained interest as a marker for cardiac injury in horses. Increased levels of cTnI have been reported in association with endurance and short-term strenuous exercise on a treadmill in horses. However, the effect of true racing conditions has not yet been reported.Animals, materials and methodsBlood samples for analysis of cTnI concentrations in plasma were collected from 67 Standardbred racehorses, 34 Thoroughbred racehorses and 35 Warmblood dressage horses at rest. Blood samples were also collected prior to and after racing in 22 Standardbred racehorses and 6 Thoroughbred racehorses.ResultsAll horses except one had resting plasma cTnI concentrations <0.022 μg/L. Mild increases in cTnI concentrations were seen in some horses 1–2 h after the race (1/17 Standardbreds and 2/6 Thoroughbreds) as well as 10–14 h after the race (4/21 Standardbreds and 1/6 Thoroughbreds).ConclusionsResting cTnI concentrations in horses are low but mildly elevated cTnI concentrations may be detected in some horses 1–14 h after racing. These findings could be of importance when evaluating horses with suspected cardiac disease that recently have performed hard exercise.  相似文献   

4.
In vitro local fatigue testing of the third metacarpal bone from Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses was performed, using fully reversed cyclic bending. Strain number of cycle data were accumulated and indicated that significant difference did not exist between the 2 breeds. It was concluded that the marked difference in the incidence of fatigue failure in the third metacarpal bone (bucked shins, dorsal metacarpal disease) seen in Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds was not related to any differences between the 2 breeds in mechanical properties of the bone.  相似文献   

5.
Between January 1977 and June 1980, 38 Standardbred and 23 Thoroughbred horses had fractured distal splint bones removed surgically. Standardbred horses were treated significantly more frequently compared with the hospital population. The incidence of distal splint bone fractures in the front legs was significantly greater (p 0.05) than in the rear legs in both breeds. Associated suspensory desmitis was present in 81% of Standardbred and 67% of Thoroughbred horses at the time of surgery.
The most common radiographic sign was fracture with associated callus. It was not possible to correlate preoperative radiographic signs with presence of associated suspensory desmitis. One Thoroughbred horse developed a large mass of amorphous bone at the surgical site which required a second surgical procedure.
Follow-up information was available on 21 of 38 Standardbred and 17 of 23 Thoroughbred horses. There was no correlation found between preoperative radiographic signs or the location and number of distal splint bone fractures with postoperative results. Twenty-five percent of Standardbreds that had preoperative suspensory desmitis eventually reached at least their previous level of performance. None of the Thoroughbred racehorses with preoperative suspensory desmitis returned to their previous level of performance. Five of 17 Thoroughbred horses were pleasure horses, and all were reported "sound for intended use" following surgery; however, only four of five were used at their previous level of performance.
The significant feature in the prognosis of distal splint bone fractures in this series was the presence of associated suspensory desmitis. Postsurgical performance was limited by the recurrence of suspensory desmitis.  相似文献   

6.
Reasons for performing study: There is no consensus on objective outcome measures that can be used to determine if a medical or surgical treatment affects race performance. Objective: To determine the association between 2 commonly used outcome measures (total starts and total earnings) and age, sex, gait and race surface. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was performed using the race performance data for all Thoroughbred horses age 2, 3, 4 and 5 years racing in the United States, and Standardbred horses of the same ages racing in the United States and Canada during the year 2006. Median earnings and starts were determined for each combination of age, sex and track surface (for Thoroughbred) or gait (for Standardbred). The effect these variables had on starts on race earnings ($) was determined using linear regression. Results: Race records for 68,649 Thoroughbreds and 25,830 Standardbreds were obtained. All independent variables (age, breed, sex, gait, track surface and total number of starts) had a significant impact on total earnings (P<0.0001). Conclusions: The data show considerable variation across age groups and track surfaces for Thoroughbreds and across age groups for Standardbreds. They also show that the decision to use earnings or starts as outcome measures could have a marked effect on reported success for a particular treatment. Potential relevance: Both earning and start data should be reported in studies evaluating outcome following surgery or other intervention. Considerations of age, breed, sex, track surface and gait should be included in the design of these studies.  相似文献   

7.
This case report describes the endoscopic findings and outcome in 6 horses diagnosed with dynamic epiglottic retroversion (ER) during exercise. Horses included 2 showjumpers, one eventer, one pleasure riding horse and 2 Thoroughbred racehorses. All were adults (age range: 4–10 years). Dorsal angulation of the epiglottis was identified at rest in one horse. However, resting endoscopy was unremarkable in the remaining 5 horses. Exercising endoscopy was performed during high‐speed treadmill exercise in 3 horses and during ridden exercise in the other 3. Intermittent ER occurred during inspiration in all horses and the frequency increased with increasing speed. In 2 horses the epiglottis retroverted beyond the rima glottidis. All horses made an abnormal respiratory noise described as a ‘grunt’ when retroversion of the epiglottis occurred. Poll flexion was found to be an exacerbating factor in the nonracehorses. Two horses continued in work but abnormal inspiratory noise persisted. Surgical treatment, in the form of subepiglottic resection, was attempted in one horse. However, it never raced again after the procedure. Of the remaining horses, 2 were retired and the third was subjected to euthanasia.  相似文献   

8.
Reasons for performing study: Two genetically and phenotypically distinct horse breeds are used for harness racing in Scandinavia: the Standardbred (SB) and Coldblooded Trotter. These racehorses have identical environmental, management and racing conditions. Therefore, this study was undertaken to identify and compare the relative prevalence of upper respiratory tract (URT) obstructive disorders in these 2 breeds. Objectives: To determine whether these 2 phenotypically different breeds of harness racehorses have different predispositions for URT disorders. Methods: Retrospective study of 88 Norwegian Coldblooded Trotters (NCT) and 97 SBs referred to this hospital for URT evaluation between 1998 and 2006. Case records of all horses diagnosed with an URT disorder during resting endoscopy, and all horses undergoing high‐speed treadmill videoendoscopy (HSTV) with one or more periods of induced poll flexion were evaluated. The relative prevalence of URT disorders between the 2 breeds was analysed using a Fisher's exact test. Results: There was a significant (P<0.05) breed predisposition regarding 6 URT disorders. Bilateral dynamic laryngeal collapse associated with poll flexion and flaccid epiglottis was significantly more frequent in the NCT. Alar fold collapse and nasopharyngeal collapse were significantly more frequent in SBs. Epiglottic entrapment and nasal flutter were only diagnosed in the SBs. Dynamic disorders were more common than resting disorders in both breeds. Conclusion: URT obstructive disorders (dynamic laryngeal collapse associated with poll flexion, flaccid epiglottis, pharyngeal collapse, alar fold collapse, nasal flutter and epiglottic entrapment) are breed related, indicating an anatomic or functional cause. Periods of induced poll flexion during HSTV was essential to declare harness racehorses free of URT disorders. Potential relevance: Further anatomic or physiological studies comparing these breeds could potentially provide insight into the pathogenesis of certain URT obstructive disorders. Induced poll flexion should be included in routine HSTV examinations of all harness racehorses.  相似文献   

9.
The purpose of this study was to compare racing performance before and after prosthetic laryngoplasty for treatment of laryngeal hemiplegia in inexperienced (horses without at least one start before surgery) and experienced (horses with at least one start before surgery) Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racehorses. Medical records of 54 Thoroughbred and 18 Quarter Horse racehorses or horses intended for racing treated with prosthetic laryngoplasty and unilateral ventriculectomy for laryngeal hemiplegia were reviewed. Signalment, age at the time of surgery, resting endoscopic grade of laryngeal function, surgical procedure, and type of suture were recorded. Median performance index (PI), earnings, distance, and Beyer speed figure (BSF) per start for three races before and after surgery were compared, and factors associated with improved postsurgical performance were evaluated. Seventy-three percent of horses that had not raced before surgery and 84% of horses that competed in at least one race before surgery were able to return to racing after surgery. Fifty-nine percent and 27% of Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses, respectively, were able to improve their PI after surgery. Sixty-two percent and 20% of Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses, respectively, significantly increased their distance after surgery. Additionally, 61% and 66% of racehorses were able to increase their earnings and BSF after surgery, respectively. Horses treated with laryngoplasty and unilateral ventriculectomy have a good prognosis for return to racing. Inexperienced racehorses have a better prognosis for improvement after surgery than do experienced racehorses. Thoroughbred racehorses have a better success rate than Quarter Horse racehorses.  相似文献   

10.
Lameness associated with osteochondral fragmentation of the carpus is a common injury in racing horses. Frequency distributions of sites of fragmentation have previously been published in racehorses in the USA, Australia, New Zealand and Japan but not in racing Thoroughbreds in the UK. The objectives of the study were to document sites of osteochondral fragmentation in the carpus of a population of Thoroughbred flat racehorses in the UK and compare these with other Thoroughbred populations globally and other flat racing breeds. This study was a single centre retrospective observational study; case records of flat racing Thoroughbreds with sites of carpal bone fragmentation that underwent arthroscopic surgery at Newmarket Equine Hospital between 2008 and 2013 were reviewed. A total of 291 sites of fragmentation were identified arthroscopically within the carpal joints of 174 horses. This involved 135 (75%) middle carpal (MCj) and 44 (25%) antebrachiocarpal joints (ABCj), which differs from other populations reported. The most common sites of fragmentation were dorsodistal radial carpal bone (DDiCr) (49%), dorsoproximal third carpal bone (DPrC3) (22%), dorsodistal radius (DDiR) (15%), dorsoproximal radial carpal bone (DPrCr) (5%) and dorsoproximal intermediate carpal bone (DPrCi) (4%). The dorsodistal radial carpal bone is also the most common site in American (US) Quarter Horses (QHs) and Thoroughbreds (TBs) and Australian (AUS) TBs, while DPrC3 has a greater prevalence in US Standardbreds (SBs). Thereafter the frequency distribution differs between the reported study groups. Although all horses underwent bilateral radiographic examination, 45% of the total population had unilateral arthroscopic evaluation. This may therefore underestimate the total number of sites of fragmentation reported. In summary the frequency distribution of carpal fragmentation in flat racing Thoroughbreds in the UK appears to differ from other populations of racehorses.  相似文献   

11.
By use of endoscopy, 75 horses with respiratory noise and/or exercise intolerance were determined to have structural arytenoid cartilage abnormalities (60 primary, 11 after previous laryngeal surgery), or failed left laryngoplasty (4 horses) for laryngeal hemiplegia in which the arytenoid cartilage still appeared normal. Eighty-eight percent of the horses were either Thoroughbred (54 horses; 72%) or Standardbred (12 horses; 16%) racehorses; only 9 horses (12%) had occupations not related to racing. Seventy-six percent of the racehorses were 2 to 4 years old; all non-racehorses were greater than 4 years old. The male:female ratio was approximately 2:1. Of the horses with cartilage abnormalities, 28 had left-sided involvement, 22 had right-sided involvement, and 21 had bilateral involvement. Sixty-two arytenoidectomies were performed, 58 for cartilage abnormalities (22 left, 19 right, 17 bilateral), and 4 for failed left laryngoplasties. Overall, 45% of the Thoroughbred racehorses that returned to racing after arytenoidectomy raced successfully (50% left, 75% right, 22% bilateral); only 20% of the Standardbreds were able to race. Seventy-five percent of non-racehorses were able to return to their previous use. Many horses were retired intentionally after surgery.  相似文献   

12.
Objectives— To describe and evaluate the use of a transoral, endoscope-guided technique for transection of an entrapping epiglottic fold in sedated standing horses.
Study Design— Retrospective study.
Animals— Horses (n=16) with epiglottic fold entrapment (EFE).
Methods— Medical records (2005–2006) of 16 horses with EFE were reviewed to determine history, physical and endoscopic examination findings, postoperative complications, and outcome after axial division of EFE using a hooked bistoury, under an endoscopic-guided, transoral approach.
Results— EFE was confirmed by endoscopy. Axial division was successfully performed in 15 sedated, standing horses. One horse had to be anesthetized to complete the procedure. None of the horses made abnormal respiratory noise after surgery and all returned to their intended use. After surgery, 1 horse had a short, deformed epiglottis.
Conclusions— EFE can be axially divided safely and effectively using an endoscope-guided, transoral approach, with the horse sedated and standing.
Clinical Relevance— Endoscopic-guided, transoral axial division of EFE in sedated standing horses is an alternative choice to performing this procedure under general anesthesia.  相似文献   

13.
Objective —The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of laryngoplasty on racing performance and to determine if any of the following variables had a significant effect on outcome: breed (Thoroughbred v Standardbred), endoscopic grade of laryngeal function, ventriculectomy versus no ventriculectomy, type of prosthetic suture used, and number of prostheses placed. Study Design —Retrospective study of laryngoplasty with or without ventriculectomy for treatment of left laryngeal hemiplegia in racehorses between 1986 and 1993. Animals or Sample Population —230 horses (174 Thoroughbreds, 56 Standardbreds). Methods —The medical records of racehorses or horses intended for racing were reviewed. Signalment, admitting complaints, physical examination findings, resting endoscopic grade of laryngeal function, type of prosthetic suture material used, number of prosthetic sutures placed, presence or absence of ventriculectomy, and postoperative complications were recorded. Results —Upper respiratory tract noise and exercise intolerance were the most common presenting complaints. Two horses had a laryngeal grade of 2, 109 horses a laryngeal grade of 3, and 119 horses a laryngeal grade of 4. Two double-strand braided polyester sutures were used in 147 horses, a single double-strand polyester suture was used in 49 horses, and a single double-strand nylon suture was used in 34 horses. Ventriculectomy was performed on 186 horses. The most common complication recognized during hospitalization was coughing in 50 horses. Telephone follow-up was obtained for 176 horses. For 168 horses, respiratory noise after surgery was decreased in 126 horses, the same in 28, and increased in 14. After hospital discharge, coughing occurred in 43 of 166 horses, and a nasal discharge occurred in 26 horses. Postoperative racing performance for 167 horses was subjectively evaluated by respondents as being improved in 69% of the horses. Overall owner satisfaction with the outcome after surgery was 81%. Of 230 horses, 178 raced at least one time after surgery. Overall, 117 horses raced three or more times before and after surgery, and 65 of these horses had improved performance index scores. None of the variables of surgical interest affected performance index scores. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Laryngoplasty with or without ventriculectomy allowed 77% of the horses to race at least one time after surgery, improved racing performance in 56% of the horses that completed three races before and after surgery, and improved subjectively evaluated racing performance in 69% of the horses.  相似文献   

14.
Epiglottic entrapment by arytenoepiglottic folds in the horse   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
An abnormality of the epiglottis and arytenoepiglottic folds that caused epiglottic entrapment was diagnosed in 21 horses. Until recently, this entrapment was poorly understood. Definitive diagnosis of epiglottic entrapment can be made only by endoscopic examination of the epiglottis, arytenoepiglottic folds, and soft palate to differentiate the abnormality from dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Dorsal displacement of the soft palate is often associated with entrapped epiglottis. Epiglottic deformity, especially hypoplasia, is often associated with the entrapment. The abnormality was detected in horses 1 to 16 years old. Because of the relatively large number of young animals (11 being less than or equal to 2 years old), a congenital predisposition was suggested. This suggestion was strengthened by the fact that many of the horses had deformities of the epiglottis that were considered congenital. Because some of the horses had trained and raced satisfactorily before signs of upper airway obstruction developed, it was assumed that the abnormality may be a sequel to epiglottic injury.  相似文献   

15.
Flexor tendonitis and suspensory desmitis are among most prevalent musculoskeletal injuries observed in racehorses. The aim of this study was to determine which horse and race-related parameters can help to diminish the possibility of injury or--when injury has occurred--to evaluate the potential for the horse to continue a successful career after convalescence. Special attention was given to the comparison of Arabian and Thoroughbred racehorses. 187 horses with ultrasonographically visible lesions were included in the study. Following parameters were analyzed: structure (Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon [SDFT], Deep Digital Flexor Tendon [DDFT], Suspensory Ligament [SL]); percentage of cross sectional area increase; hypoechogenic lesion character; in horses with SDF tendonitis - tendonitis grade according to Genovese. This study showed that Thoroughbreds are more at risk of musculoskeletal problems than Arabian racehorses. In both breeds, the most frequent injuries concern SDFT, then SL. Over 95% of tendonitis concern forelimbs. In Thoroughbreds, the prevalence of tendonitis is higher in bigger horses, in males when compared to females and in fence/steeple racehorses when compared to flat track racehorses. The inside limb is more at risk of SDF tendonitis, when the external limb - of SL desmitis. Tendonitis severity increases with age and is greater in steeplechasers when compared to flat track racehorses. The outcome of tendonitis without hypoechogenic lesion is much better than that with hypoechogenic lesion. Evaluation of hypoechogenic lesion length is an easy and accurate prognosis tool, as the chances of returning to racing drop dramatically with lesions longer than 12 cm.  相似文献   

16.
Muscle biopsies were obtained from 17 Standardbred trotters (S) and 22 Thoroughbred racehorses (T) after races which varied in length from 1200 to 2840 m. Biopsies were taken between 2 and 14 minutes from the conclusion of the race. Histochemical and biochemical analyses were performed on all muscle samples. Standardbred horses possessed fewer Type II fibers, especially Type IIB fibers, and demonstrated a higher oxidative and lower glycolytic capacity in muscle than Thoroughbred horses. Intramuscular glycogen and lac-tate concentrations were lower in Standardbred horses after racing (mean 420 and 82 mmol/kg d.w. respectively) com-pared to Thoroughbred horses (mean 545 and 148 mmol/kg d.w. respectively). Low levels of intramuscular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (mean S 17, T 15 mmol/kg d.w.) and creatine phosphate (mean S 28, T 42 mmol/kg d.w.) were recorded in both breeds after racing. Differences in muscle enzyme activities and metabolic response to exercise between breeds were related to the different muscle fiber compositions of Standardbred and Thoroughbred horses. Within both breeds, a high percentage of Type IIB fibers was associated with a low oxidative and high glycolytic capacity in muscle and a greater lactate accumulation after racing. In Standardbred horses low intramuscular ATP concentrations post-race were associated with a high percentage of Type IIB fibers and high lactate levels. No relationship was found between placing or speed of racing and intramuscular lactate and ATP concentrations post-race. This may have been due to many other factors which affected the outcome of a race and also due to the fact that it was not known when during a race lactate accumulation and ATP depletion occurred. Since the properties of fiber types appeared to be very different, the metabolic response within individual fiber types may be more closely related to fatigue than the metabolic response measured in whole muscle.  相似文献   

17.
Age, breed, and gender distributions of 168 horses with umbilical hernia treated at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine were analyzed to determine risk factors for this disease. For the 3 breeds that constituted the largest proportion of hospital and case populations, Thoroughbred, Standardbred, and Quarter Horse, the overall ratio of females to males was 1.63. In a hospital population of the same age group, 0 to 48 months, the female to male ratio was 0.93. Compared with males, females were at significantly higher risk for umbilical hernia after adjustment for breed and age (odds ratio, 2.01; 99% confidence interval, 1.31 to 3.10; P = 0.00002). Of the 2 major breeds, Thoroughbreds were at greater risk than Standardbreds for umbilical hernia, after adjustment for gender and age (odds ratio, 1.80; 99% confidence interval, 1.10 to 2.95; P = 0.0020). The results provide information about a common congenital defect in horses that can be used for future genetic research.  相似文献   

18.
To test the hypothesis that the pulmonary vascular pressures of Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses behave similarly during exertion. Measurements were made on 5 Thoroughbred and 5 Standardbred horses on a treadmill at rest and during 3-minute exercise intervals at speeds predicted to produce 75%, 90%, and 100% maximal heart rate. Left forelimb acceleration, heart rate, esophageal pressure, and pulmonary artery pressure were measured continuously. Pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures were measured during intermittent occlusion of the pulmonary artery. Breathing rate and gait frequency were the fundamental frequencies of the esophageal pressure and limb acceleration signals respectively. The ratio of speed:gait frequency gave stride length. The effects of exertion and breed were evaluated using two-way analysis of variance. Exertion produced significant increases in pulmonary artery (P = 0.001), capillary (P= 0.002), and wedge (P= 0.005) pressures. No significant effect of breed was detected on pulmonary artery pressure, but at exertion pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures were 15% (P= 0.03) and 23% (P= 0.04) greater in Thoroughbreds, respectively. Treadmill speed was ~12% greater (P= 0.04), stride length was ~25% greater (P= 0.0003), gait frequency was ~10% less (P= 0.006), breathing rate was ~10% less (P= 0.001), and heart rate was ~6% less (P= 0.06) for Thoroughbreds. There was no effect of breed on inspiratory or expiratory esophageal pressure although mean esophageal pressure was ~2 mmHg greater (P= 0.03) in exercising Standardbreds. In conclusion, pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures are greater in Thoroughbreds than in Standardbreds at similar fractions of maximal heart rate. This is compatible with the higher incidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage observed in Thoroughbreds.  相似文献   

19.
Epiglottic augmentation was evaluated in 7 horses, using 7 ml of polytetrafluoroethylene (polytef) paste injected submucosally on the ventral surface of the epiglottis. In 6 horses, an Arnold-Bruning intracordal injection syringe, specifically designed to inject polytef into paralyzed vocal folds in human beings, was used. At necropsy 60 days after surgery, group mean thickness measurement 20 mm from the epiglottic tip was 40% greater (P less than 0.01) and, at the epiglottic attachment of the aryepiglottic fold, was 29% greater (P less than 0.01) in the 6 polytef-augmented horses than in clinically normal nonsurgically treated controls. At necropsy, extensive epiglottic thickening was seen. This thickening was exclusively attributable to distention of submucosal areas in the ventral aspect of the epiglottis, with foreign body granulomata surrounded by fibrous connective tissue. In 1 horse, polytef paste was injected by use of a disposable syringe and needle. Excess ventral epiglottic swelling and exposed epiglottic cartilage was seen during subsequent endoscopy. At necropsy 60 days after surgery, the epiglottic contour remained deformed and a large deep mucosal ulcer was observed at the injection site. Histologic examination revealed necrotizing suppurative inflammation that extended into the epiglottic cartilage. Surgery was not technically difficult to perform through a laryngotomy, and all horses tolerated the procedure without apparent discomfort. Endoscopy performed after surgery revealed unremarkable and uniform response to the polytef paste in 4 horses, and in 3 horses, revealed excess swelling and inflammation of the ventral epiglottic tissue that resolved over time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

20.
Case records and radiographs of 155 horses with third carpal bone (C3) slab fractures were reviewed. Of these cases, race records were obtained for 72 Thoroughbreds and 61 Standardbreds. Three performance criteria were examined: ability to make 1 start, ability to make 10 starts or earn $2,000 (within 1 year of first start after the fracture), and earnings per start. Treatment distribution (lag screw fixation, fragment excision, or rest) was similar in both breeds. Significant differences between breeds were identified in age and sex distributions, fracture displacement, and postinjury performance. In Thoroughbreds, there was a tendency for fractures to occur in the right C3 (59%); in Standardbreds, forelimbs were affected equally. The dorsomedial aspect of C3 was the site of fracture in 87% (135/155) of the cases. Horses referred for treatment were predominantly 2-year-old Standardbreds and 3-year-old Thoroughbreds. Females of both breeds were less likely to race after injury than males (46 vs 90%). In Standardbreds, all 38 horses with racing starts before fracture were able to race again. Prior racing starts were not related to outcome in Thoroughbreds. The effects of treatment on outcome were not significantly different. Fracture characteristics did not significantly affect outcome, but did influence treatment selection. Convalescent time was not correlated with any of the variables examined (including treatment) or related to outcome; time from admission to first start averaged 11 months. In STandardbreds, 77% of the horses with C3 slab fracture raced after injury; in Thoroughbreds, 65% raced. Earnings per start declined in each breed, but the decline was more pronounced in Thoroughbreds.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号