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1.
为了对我国犊牛饲养管理现状进行阐述，同时鉴定我国规模化奶牛场中致犊牛腹泻的风险因素，本调查采用网络调查问卷和多元线性回归法，收集国内奶牛场产犊管理、初乳管理、犊牛日常饲养管理和腹泻犊牛治疗的相关信息并从中分析致犊牛腹泻的风险因素。结果显示，受访的57个奶牛场中，犊牛腹泻年平均发病率为22.53%(2.50%～97.50%,分位数：1.0%～80.0%);问卷所得信息经整理分析后展示了受访奶牛场在产犊管理、初乳管理、犊牛日常饲养管理和腹泻犊牛治疗方面的现状；风险因素分析结果显示，寒冷季节、初乳采用60℃1 h的巴氏杀菌程序、产圈垫料更换频率低于1次/2周、奶桶消毒频率低于1次/7 d、仅采用口服补液治疗腹泻犊牛均与犊牛腹泻发病率呈正相关；出生2 h和出生12 h进行脐带消毒、产圈垫料更换频率为1周1次、使用独立的产圈、使用初乳折射仪检测初乳质量、由兽医或犊牛饲养员饲喂初乳、以抗生素为主配合口服或静脉补液和以口服补液为主配合抗生素治疗犊牛腹泻与犊牛腹泻发病率呈负相关。本调查归纳总结了当前国内奶牛场犊牛饲养管理现状，分析了导致犊牛腹泻的相应风险因素，为进一步提高国内犊牛饲养管理水平提供参考。 相似文献
2.
1 病因
消化不良多见哺乳期犊牛.母牛特别是妊娠母牛的不全价饲养和犊牛饲养管理不当是引起消化不良性腹泻的主要原因.如妊娠后期母牛饲料中营养物质不足,致使犊牛抵抗力降低;犊牛机体受寒或畜舍过于潮湿;初生犊牛吮初乳过晚;人工哺乳不定时、不定量以及乳温过高或过低;哺乳期初料不当;卫生条件不良等均可成为腹泻的诱因. 相似文献
3.
为考察北京市郊奶牛场环境调控能力、牛群福利状态,本次专项调研收集了来自密云、大兴、昌平、延庆、顺义、房山6个区的62家存栏量在100头以上的规模化奶牛场数据。分析了调研牛场的存栏量、年产奶量、牛舍类型、犊牛饲养设施与饲养方式及其随牛场规模的变化情况。结果得出:1新生犊牛饲养设施配置、哺乳期犊牛饲养方式、年平均产奶量与牛场规模有关,牛场养殖规模越大,新生犊牛和哺乳期犊牛饲养设施配置率越高,奶牛年平均产奶量越高;2成乳牛舍、青年牛舍、育成牛舍以开放式和半开放式牛舍为主,断奶期犊牛以无床位大圈大群饲养为主,不受牛场养殖规模影响。 相似文献
4.
犊牛腹泻是一种犊牛常发的临床疾病。哺乳期犊牛的饲养管理是奶牛生产中的重要阶段,如果此时由于营养缺乏或管理不善,造成发病率和死亡率高,不仅直接给奶牛场造成巨大的经济损失,而且会影响犊牛的生长发育和成年后的泌乳性能。 相似文献
5.
1 病因分析
1．1 消化不良
多见哺乳期犊牛。母牛特别是妊娠母牛的不全价饲养和犊牛饲养管理不当是引起消化不良性腹泻的主要原因。如妊娠后期母牛饲料中营养物质不足，致使犊牛抵抗力降低；犊牛机体受寒或畜舍过于潮湿；初生犊牛吮初乳过晚；人工哺乳不定时、不定量及乳温过高或过低；哺乳期初料不当；卫生条件不良等均可成为腹泻的诱因。 相似文献
6.
犊牛腹泻严重影响着犊牛的生长发育和成年后的生产性能,可导致奶牛业不容忽视的经济损失.为寻找大连某奶牛场犊牛腹泻的原因,在排除饲养、管理等因素条件下,对该场犊牛腹泻的粪便进行病原菌的分离、鉴定和药敏试验,以期对该奶牛场犊牛腹泻的防治有一定的指导作用. 相似文献
7.
犊牛腹泻是一种犊牛常发的临床疾病。哺乳期犊牛的饲养管理是奶牛生产中的重要阶段,如果此时由于营养缺乏或管理不善,造成发病率和死亡率高,不仅直接给奶牛场造成巨大的经济损失,而且会影响犊牛的生长发育和成年后的泌乳性能。1症状 相似文献
8.
犊牛腹泻是一种犊牛常发的临床疾病。哺乳期犊牛的饲养管理是奶牛生产中的重要阶段,如果此时由于营养缺乏或管理不善,造成发病率和死亡率高,不仅直接给奶牛场造成巨大的经济损失,而且会影响犊牛的生长发育和成年后的泌乳性能。 相似文献
9.
犊牛腹泻是犊牛培育过程中的常见疾病,严重时可导致犊牛死亡,常给奶牛养殖业造成严重的经济损失。随着奶牛场犊牛饲养管理水平的提高,犊牛腹泻的流行和发生在一定程度上得到了控制,但由于引起该病发生的病原种类较多、感染情况较为复杂,使得奶牛场对该病的防控仍存在一定难度。介绍了与犊牛腹泻有关的传染性病原的实验室诊断方法研究进展,以期为犊牛腹泻的诊断和防治提供理论依据。 相似文献
10.
2018年3月份,黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市某规模化奶牛场发生犊牛腹泻,为了确诊其病因,无菌采取10头腹泻犊牛粪便进行细菌分离鉴定、生化试验、PCR鉴定和药敏试验等。生化结果表明:符合大肠杆菌生化特性;PCR结果表明:引物能有效扩增大肠杆菌OmpA、K99、Sta、irp2、FyuA基因;药敏结果表明:大肠杆菌对恩诺沙星、左氟沙星、头孢曲松高度敏感;10头犊牛均为大肠杆菌感染,本研究为该牛场犊牛腹泻的病因分析和防治提供了指导。 相似文献
12.
Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases. 相似文献
13.
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
14.
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
15.
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection. 相似文献
17.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
18.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated. Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively. 相似文献
19.
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
20.
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%). Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
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