共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
【目的】建立我国葡萄白粉病菌对QoI类杀菌剂吡唑醚菌酯的敏感基线,明确葡萄白粉病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的抗性水平。【方法】采用孢子萌发法测定了吡唑醚菌酯对来自我国北京、湖南、宁夏、云南、江苏5个葡萄种植地区的145株葡萄白粉病菌的EC50值,并利用荧光定量PCR法检测cytb基因上G143A的突变情况。【结果】吡唑醚菌酯对43株当年未施用过化学杀菌剂的葡萄白粉病菌菌株EC50值呈连续性单峰且符合正态分布,其均值(1.387±0.107)μg·mL-1作为葡萄白粉病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感基线。采用孢子萌发法分析的结果表明,供试菌株对吡唑醚菌酯的抗性频率为45.52%,采用荧光定量PCR(G143A)法分析的结果显示供试菌株对QoI类杀菌剂的抗性频率为57.69%。在RF>2时,采用荧光定量PCR检测结果与孢子萌发法测定结果趋势一致,Pearson相关性分析结果显示二者存在显著相关性。【结论】我国葡萄白粉病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的抗药性发生较为普遍,应注意与不同作用机制的药剂轮换使用或混用,以延缓抗药性发展。 相似文献
2.
【目的】检测荔枝霜疫霉对烯酰吗啉的敏感性，建立敏感性基线；测定抗烯酰吗啉突变株的生物学适合度，为荔枝霜疫病的化学防治提供依据。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法，对2019—2020年来自中国广东、广西、福建、四川和云南5个省份荔枝主产区的320株荔枝霜疫霉单孢子囊菌株进行烯酰吗啉敏感性测定，通过药剂驯化获得抗烯酰吗啉突变株，测定其生物学适合度。【结果】经过异常值分析并剔除，317株荔枝霜疫霉菌株对烯酰吗啉的敏感性频率分布呈正态分布，EC50值介于0.086 3～0.173 3μg·mL-1之间，平均(0.122 2±0.000 9)μg·mL-1，以此建立荔枝霜疫霉对烯酰吗啉的敏感性基线。来自2020年的荔枝霜疫霉菌株对烯酰吗啉的EC50均值较2019年显著增高。3株荔枝霜疫霉抗烯酰吗啉突变株的抗性指数介于77.17～360.11之间，为中到高抗水平，抗药性可稳定遗传，与亲本相比，抗性突变株的孢子囊萌发率及卵孢子产量均下降，但致病力相当。【结论】荔枝霜疫霉对烯酰吗啉敏感，烯酰吗啉可继续作为防治荔枝霜疫病的... 相似文献
3.
2018—2020年,杭州佳慧芦笋种植基地疑似发现芦笋茎枯病危害,为了明确病原菌种类,将采集的病样进行致病菌分离纯化和鉴定,明确该病害为芦笋茎枯病,根据病原菌形态特征、通用引物及特异性引物扩增序列比对结果,该病原菌与天门冬拟茎点霉〔Phomopsis asparagi(Sacc.)Bubak〕同源性为100%,鉴定为天门冬拟茎点霉。生物学活性测定结果表明,25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂对该病菌菌丝完全抑制,75%百菌清可湿性粉剂对菌丝的抑制作用次之,EC50为0.13 μg · mL-1。盆栽试验验证,25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂对茎枯病防治效果最好,达94.56%,可作为防治芦笋茎枯病高效药剂。 相似文献
4.
通过大田试验研究了锐收果香(400 g/L氯氟醚·吡唑酯悬浮剂)、健达(42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂)、碧翠(16%二氰·吡唑醚水分散粒剂)、善常(35%苯甲-吡唑酯悬浮剂)、阿米妙收(325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂)、露娜森(43%氟吡菌酰胺·肟菌酯悬浮剂)、拿敌稳(75%肟菌脂·戊唑醇水分散粒剂)7种药剂不同剂量对火龙果溃疡病(Neoscytalidium dimidiatum)的防治效果及其对火龙果产量的影响。研究结果表明：分别以有效成分锐收果香270 g/hm2、健达360 g/hm2、碧翠360 g/hm2、善常270 g/hm2、阿米妙收292.5 g/hm2、露娜森193.5 g/hm2、拿敌稳225 g/hm2,在火龙果生长旺盛期、溃疡病发生初期(开花初期),对火龙果茎叶全株喷药3次,每隔10 d 1次,7种药剂不同剂量在第3次药后14 d防效都在64%以上;其中,健达360 g/hm2、阿米妙... 相似文献
5.
以咪鲜胺、咯菌腈、戊唑醇、异菌脲和腐霉利等为试验药剂,开展番茄枯萎病菌的抑菌试验,并对抑制效果好的药剂进行复配试验,筛选出对番茄枯萎病菌抑制效果好的浓度及复配比例。结果表明,咪鲜胺和咯菌腈对番茄枯萎病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用显著。0.1μg·mL-1咪鲜胺对枯萎病菌的抑菌率为73.8%,EC50为0.02μg·mL-1;0.1μg·mL-1咯菌腈对枯萎病菌的抑菌率为48.7%,EC50为0.17μg·mL-1。0.1μg·mL-1咪鲜胺和0.1μg·mL-1咯菌腈以体积比为2∶8进行复配时,抑制效果最佳,抑菌率为91.1%。研究结果对化学药剂的科学合理使用提供理论依据,为防治番茄枯萎病提供重要信息。 相似文献
6.
以吉林省甜瓜枯萎病重度发生区域采集的发病果实为试材，采用组织分离法对其病原菌进行分离，同时利用形态学和分子生物学鉴定，以及科赫氏法则进行致病性验证；并通过菌丝生长速率法测定了8种生产中常用的化学药剂原药对该致病菌的毒力作用，研究了高效低毒化学农药对甜瓜枯萎病室内防治效果，以期为利用高效低毒化学农药田间防治甜瓜枯萎病提供参考依据。结果表明：拟轮枝镰刀菌(Fusarium verticillioides)是吉林省甜瓜枯萎病的一种新的致病菌，供试的8种化学药剂中咪鲜胺对F.verticillioides XT1的抑制作用最好，毒力作用最强，EC50值为0.029 5μg·mL-1,其次为戊唑醇和氟硅唑，其EC50值分别为0.146 7μg·mL-1和0.190 1μg·mL-1;咪鲜胺、戊唑醇和氟硅唑的最小抑菌药物稀释浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)值分别为0.048、1.2μg·mL-1和0.8μg·mL 相似文献
7.
由灰葡萄孢引起的蓝莓灰霉病是蓝莓生长和贮藏期间的重要病害,为筛选出有效防治蓝莓灰霉病的药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定14种杀菌剂对蓝莓灰霉病菌的室内毒力。结果表明,化学杀菌剂毒力由强到弱依次为腐霉利、嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、氟硅唑、多菌灵、己唑醇、啶酰菌胺、溴菌腈、嘧霉胺和噻呋酰胺,EC50值分别为0.56、0.81、0.82、1.46、1.65、1.77、11.86、13.76、55.85和425.76 mg·L-1;生物杀菌剂毒力由强到弱依次为丁子香酚、中生菌素、多抗霉素和井岗霉素,EC50值分别为1.13、13.65、59.47和499.38 mg·L-1。 相似文献
8.
《果树学报》2017,(5)
【目的】明确江苏丘陵地区草莓灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)对甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂(QoIs)的抗药性区域分布和抗药性分子机制,为抗药性治理提供依据。【方法】区分计量法和抑制中浓度法测定草莓灰霉病菌对嘧菌酯和吡唑醚菌酯的抗药性区域分布和对药剂的敏感性表型,采用草莓果实离体测定法评估药剂对不同药剂敏感性菌株的防效,通过药剂靶标基因的序列分析确定抗药性分子机制。【结果】236株草莓灰霉病菌中对嘧菌酯和吡唑醚菌酯呈抗性的菌株有192株,2个药剂呈正交互抗性。嘧菌酯和吡唑醚菌酯敏感菌株的平均抑菌中质量浓度(EC50值)分别为0.269 8和0.055 9 mg·L~(-1)。77个嘧菌酯抗性菌株的EC50值全部大于100 mg·L~(-1),而吡唑醚菌酯抗性菌株的EC50平均值为67.680 7mg·L~(-1)。接种抗性菌株后再防治的试验证明,嘧菌酯和吡唑醚菌酯在推荐剂量(a.i 166.67 mg·L~(-1))下失去防效;所有抗性菌株的cyt b基因上都只含有G143A点突变,且第143位氨基酸后均不含有内元(Bcbi-143/144);敏感菌株cyt b基因分为2种,47.4%的敏感菌株不含有Bcbi-143/144,而52.6%的敏感菌株含有Bcbi-143/144。【结论】江苏丘陵地区田间草莓灰霉病菌群体中,对QoIs类药剂产生高水平抗药性的种群已成为主导种群,生产中不宜再用该类药剂防治草莓灰霉病。所有田间采集灰霉病菌抗性菌株的抗性分子机制均为cyt b基因G143A点突变,未发现其他位点突变类型。 相似文献
9.
【目的】由嗜果刀孢菌(Wilsonomyces carpophilus)引起的穿孔病对野杏、野生樱桃李、栽培杏和桃的叶片、果实造成了严重危害。对嗜果刀孢菌的室内药剂筛选及拮抗菌的种类鉴定可有效防治野杏真菌性穿孔病。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定8种杀菌剂对嗜果刀孢菌的室内毒力；同时从野杏叶片上分离出1株拮抗细菌，结合形态学特征、生理生化特性和基于16S r DNA基因序列的系统发育分析开展拮抗菌株的鉴定。【结果】室内毒力测定结果表明，50%多菌灵对嗜果刀孢菌菌丝生长抑制效果较好，75%百菌清抑制效果较差，有效中浓度(ρ，median effective concentration,EC50)为918.8 mg·L-1;27%戊唑·噻霉酮对分生孢子萌发毒力较强，EC50为0.060 5 mg·L-1,75%百菌清对分生孢子萌发毒力较弱，EC50为1103.0 mg·L-1；拮抗菌株XHG-1-3m2对嗜果刀孢菌抑制率为88.... 相似文献
10.
为筛选出高效防治生姜炭疽病的药剂,通过室内活性测定和田间药效评价2种方法比较了6种杀菌剂对生姜炭疽病的毒力及防治效果。室内试验结果表明：苯醚甲环唑和咪鲜胺抑菌活性较高,EC50分别为4.058 7μg/mL和4.418 0μg/mL,吡唑醚菌酯抑菌活性较低,EC50>40μg/mL,嘧菌酯和甲基硫菌灵抑菌活性最差,两者均表现EC50>100μg/mL。田间试验结果表明：10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂(667 m2有效成分6.0 g)、45%咪鲜胺水乳剂(667 m2有效成分30.0 g)和25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂(667 m2有效成分7.5 g)处理有比较好的防治效果,分别为93.48%、87.71%和89.01%,均显著高于对照,而25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂、50%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂处理的防治效果较差。因此,综合室内毒力试验和田间试验结果,推荐轮换使用10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂(667 m2有效成分6.0 g)、25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂(667 m2有效成分7.5 g)和45%... 相似文献
11.
AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β-particles emission from 188Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by 188Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [3H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of 188Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from 188 Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G0/G1 arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation. 相似文献
12.
AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration. 相似文献
13.
《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(3):101-120
Abstract Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared. 相似文献
14.
多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。 相似文献
15.
HU Zhi-cheng ZHU Jia-yuan ZHU Bin GUO Dong CHEN Bin ZHANG Kai HU Kun-hua LI Ming-tao TANG Bing 《园艺学报》2011,27(9):1802-1806
AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars. 相似文献
16.
The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species. 相似文献
17.
AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [3-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10-6-10-4 mmol/L) stimulated [3-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [3-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10-6-10-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl2 for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation. 相似文献
18.
Duncan Brean W. Boyle Shannon Breininger David R. Schmalzer Paul A. 《Landscape Ecology》1999,14(3):291-309
Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere. 相似文献
19.
AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis. 相似文献
20.
Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations
from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations,
dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture
or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near
Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between
November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation
was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme
temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r
2) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation
in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences
respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds
that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for
37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest
species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain
the patchy distribution of many species.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献