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1.
反-10,顺-12共轭亚油酸真胃梯度灌注对奶山羊乳脂合成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
旨在研究反-10,顺-12CLA对山羊乳脂合成抑制作用的效果及机制.选用4只安装永久性真胃瘘管和做了颈动脉游离的崂山奶山羊,4×4拉丁方设计,4个试验处理为真胃灌注0、2、4和8 g·d-1含有反-10,顺-12CLA的共轭亚油酸产品.结果表明:①真胃灌注CLA对奶山羊产奶量、采食量无明显影响;与对照组相比,CLA灌注水平为4和8 g·d-1时,奶山羊的乳脂率和乳脂产量均显著降低(P<0.01),乳蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.01),但乳蛋白产量变化不明显.CLA处理对乳糖、无脂固形物(SNF)含量和产量无显著影响(P>0.05).②与对照组相比,CLA处理显著降低了游离脂肪酸(NEFA)的乳腺吸收率(P<0.05).乙酸乳腺吸收率随CLA灌注量增加有先上升后下降的趋势(P=0.07).丁酸的乳腺吸收率有上升趋势(P=0.07).③真胃灌注CLA显著提高了乳脂中C16脂肪酸的总含量(P<0.05),对乳腺从头合成脂肪(C4-C14:1)的含量和血液吸收脂肪酸(C16以上)的含量无显著影响.随CLA添加量的升高,乳脂脂肪酸中顺-9,反-11CLA(P<0.01)、反-10,顺-12CLA(P<0.05)、顺-9,顺-11CLA(P<0.05)和反-9,反-11CLA(P<0.01)的含量逐渐升高.④真胃灌注CLA降低了C14:1、C16:1和>C16脂肪酸的产量(P<0.05),对C16:0脂肪酸的产量没有影响,但表观值随CLA灌注量的增加而降低(P=0.19).与对照组比较,8 g·d-1CLA灌注组的C4-C14:1、C16+C16:1和>C16脂肪酸的产量分别下降了42.68%、36.15%和55.59%.⑤与对照组相比,CLA真胃灌注升高了C14:0/C14:1(P<0.01)、C16:0/C16:1和反-11C18:1/顺-9,反-11CLA的比例(P<0.05),表明CLA真胃灌注降低了△9-脱饱和酶的活性.⑥对8 g·d-1CLA灌注组与对照组(活体采样)乳腺组织中乙酰CoA羧化酶mRNA表达量的分析表明,CLA真胃灌注降低了乙酰CoA羧化酶mRNA的表达水平(P<0.01).反-10,顺-12CLA既抑制血液NEFA用于乳脂合成,也抑制乳腺脂肪酸的从头合成. 相似文献
2.
葡萄糖和胰岛素同时灌注对奶山羊乳脂合成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究旨在通过同时灌注葡萄糖和胰岛素,研究胰岛素对奶山羊乳脂合成的影响并探讨其机理.选取4只泌乳中后期文登奶山羊安装颈动脉、颈静脉和乳静脉临时插管,采用2×2交叉试验设计,分为2个处理,即对照和葡萄糖和胰岛素灌注处理.试验共分2期,每期10 d,前5 d为基准物质测试期,后5 d为灌注期,2期试验间隔5 d.接受葡萄糖和胰岛素灌注的试验羊由颈静脉插管注射葡萄糖和胰岛素,从颈动脉和乳腺静脉插管采集血样.胰岛素、葡萄糖持续注射(24 h/d),胰岛素注射速率为1 μg/ h*kg BW,葡萄糖(25% w/v) 的注射速率以将血糖浓度控制在基础浓度的±20%来确定.试验期间试验羊精料分12等份,自动投料机每2 h投喂1次,试验羊自由饮水.结果表明,葡萄糖和胰岛素同时灌注显著提高了血浆胰岛素浓度(P<0.05),血糖浓度与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),达到了预期处理效果.葡萄糖和胰岛素同时灌注显著降低了奶山羊的乳脂率和乳脂产量(P<0.05),而对产奶量、乳蛋白率和乳糖含量的影响不显著(P>0.05).葡萄糖和胰岛素同时灌注显著降低了动脉血浆甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、乙酸和游离脂肪酸(nonesterified fatty acids,NEFA)的浓度(P<0.05);显著降低了乳腺组织对动脉NEFA的吸收率和NEFA的吸收速度(P<0.05),但显著升高了动脉对乙酸的吸收率(P<0.05);显著升高了乳脂脂肪酸中C12∶0、C14∶0和C16脂肪酸的含量(P<0.05)和降低了C18∶0(P<0.05)、trans-C18∶1(P＞0.1)脂肪酸的含量,trans-10,cis-12CLA的含量无显著变化(P＞0.1).葡萄糖和胰岛素同时灌注未影响乳脂中中链脂肪酸(C10～16)和长链脂肪酸(≥C18)的比例(P>0.05),但降低了乳脂中短链脂肪酸(C4～8)比例(P<0.05).本研究结果表明,胰岛素可以引起奶山羊乳脂率的降低,其主要的途径可能是降低乳腺对动脉血液NEFA和TG的吸收. 相似文献
3.
选用体重和产奶量相近的4只安装有阴外动脉血插管的处于泌乳中期的关中奶山羊,采用4×4拉丁方设计,分别灌注乙酸钠0、12、16和24 g/d,研究阴外动脉灌注乙酸钠对乳腺营养物质摄取和利用的影响.结果表明:基础日粮条件下向关中奶山羊阴外动脉灌注乙酸钠与未灌注相比,可使乳脂率显著提高8.00%～11.71%(P<0.05),其他乳成分含量变化不显著(P>0.05).乳腺动脉血中乙酸和挥发性脂肪酸浓度、乙酸、丁酸和挥发性脂肪酸摄取量均有极显著提高(P<0.01).灌注乙酸钠使乳腺动静脉血中氨基酸摄取量有所降低(P>0.05),对葡萄糖和甘油三酯乳腺摄取量没有显著影响(P>0.05).灌注16和24 g/d乙酸钠组动静脉血中必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸的比值与灌注O和12 g/d乙酸钠组相比显著升高(P<0.05).灌注乙酸钠使乳腺摄取的乳脂前体能转化为乳脂能的效率提高了1.02%～2.04%,氨基酸能转化为乳蛋白能的效率提高了4.07%～9.09%,葡萄糖能转化为乳糖能的效率提高了3.39%～5.08%. 相似文献
4.
为研究日粮中添加无机二价铁对瘤胃微生物发酵的影响,用人工瘤胃模拟装置发酵72 h研究添加不同水平亚铁(0、30、60、90、120和150 mg/kgDM,源于硫酸亚铁)对体外瘤胃液氨浓度、微生物氮产量和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产生量的影响.结果表明:添加亚铁可使发酵液不同时间点氨浓度和总氨产量、有机物发酵率、总微生物氮产量显著提高(P<0.05);与不添加的对照组相比,添加亚铁可使发酵液的总VFA、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸浓度明显增加(P<0.05),但乙酸、丙酸、丁酸摩尔比例没有差异(P>0.05);添加亚铁明显促进瘤胃有机物的发酵,增加瘤胃VFA产生量,过多的亚铁对瘤胃微生物生长有抑制作用. 相似文献
5.
微量元素钴对人工瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸产生量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
钴是瘤胃微生物活动不可缺少的元素,为研究日粮添加无机钴对瘤胃微生物发酵挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产生量的影响,本试验用人工瘤胃模拟装置研究添加不同水平钴(0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25 mg/kg DM)对体外瘤胃微生物发酵的影响.结果表明,与不添加的对照组相比,添加钴可使发酵液的总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸浓度明显增加(P<0.05),但对乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的摩尔比例没有显著影响(P>0.05),总的来说,添加钻明显促进瘤胃微生物对饲料养分的发酵. 相似文献
6.
瘤胃乙酸、丙酸比例对绵羊体内氧化代谢和血浆胰岛素水平动态变化的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究以全胃营养灌注绵羊为试验动物 ,用物质代谢区室分析方法和同位素示踪技术研究了瘤胃乙酸、丙酸比例对体内氧化代谢和血浆胰岛素水平动态变化的影响。不同试验处理间营养灌注液能量、蛋白质水平相同 ,而瘤胃灌注混合挥发性脂肪酸的乙酸、丙酸比例不同。三种混合挥发性脂肪酸的乙酸、丙酸比例分别为75 :15(VFA1)、65 :25(VFA2)、45 :45(VFA3)。由测定引入 14C -乙酸后血液二氧化碳放射比强度—时间曲线上升段斜率(k值)反映体内氧化代谢强度。试验结果为 ,瘤胃灌注VFA1 时的k值显著高于灌注VFA2 和VFA3 时的k值(P<0.05) ,而VFA2 和VFA3 两处理间的差异不显著(P>0.05) ,说明瘤胃灌注VFA1 时绵羊体内氧化代谢强度增加。向停止灌注24小时的绵羊瘤胃内灌注VFA1,血浆胰岛素水平在恢复灌注后缓慢上升。将瘤胃灌注混合挥发性脂肪酸由VFA1 换为VFA2 后 ,血浆胰岛素水平迅速上升 ,之后迅速下降 ,而由VFA2 换为VFA3 后未出现血浆胰岛素水平的明显变化 ,说明血浆胰岛素水平的变化与体内糖代谢调节状态有关 ,而瘤胃灌注VFA1 时的体内糖代谢调节状态与灌注VFA2 和VFA3 时明显不同。 相似文献
7.
试验旨在运用多元线性回归(MLR)、偏最小二乘回归(PLS)及遗传算法(GA)探讨泌乳奶牛乳脂中奇数链和支链脂肪酸(OBCFA)含量与肠道CH4产量的相关性。数据库选自13个试验,包含有224个瘤胃液乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的配对数据,以及7个OBCFA的数据。甲烷的产量(mmol/molVFA)根据乙酸、丙酸和丁酸计算得来,以占总VFA含量的相对值来表示。CH4产量与乳脂中OBCFA含量的相关分析采用MLR和PLS,结果显示该模型为线性预测模型。GA模型根据乳脂中OBCFA含量预测瘤胃液中各VFA占总VFA的相对比例;该模型的CH4产量根据乙酸、丙酸和丁酸占总VFA的比例预算得来,预测误差低(均方根预测误差<5%),数据方差高达66%,相关系数接近0.8。预测误差的方差小于由CH4含量计算得来方差的40%。7个OBCFA数据显示,支链脂肪酸iso C14∶0,iso C15∶0和iso C16∶0与CH4产量呈正相关,而奇数链脂肪酸C15∶0和C17∶0与C17∶1cis-9之和与CH4产量呈负相关。因此,该模型分析显示,乳脂中OBCFA含量与瘤胃CH4产量密切相关,可以用来预测CH4的产量。 相似文献
8.
肉牛日粮补饲铜对瘤胃VFA浓度和尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔杂交肉牛,采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究日粮补饲无机铜(0、8和18mg/kgDM)对瘤胃VFA浓度和尿嘌呤衍生物排出量的影响。结果表明:日粮补饲铜对瘤胃VFA浓度和摩尔比例有明显影响(P<0.05),与对照组相比,18mg/kgDM的补饲明显提高乙酸的摩尔比,降低丙酸、丁酸的浓度(P<0.05),而日粮中铜的补饲对尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量没有显著影响(P>0.05),每千克日粮补饲18mg/kgDM无机铜可明显促进瘤胃的发酵。 相似文献
9.
牛瘤胃代谢产物中的挥发性脂肪酸即乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的比例结构,对奶牛产奶量和乳脂率有重大影响。乙酸被吸收后,通过血液被输送到乳腺,用以合成乳脂肪中的一系列短链脂肪酸;丙酸被吸收后,输送到肝脏,成为合成葡萄糖的原料;丁酸是乳脂肪中的短链脂肪酸,也可与乙酰辅酶A缩合形成高级脂肪酸。乙酸、丁酸比例增加,有利于提高奶牛乳脂率。 相似文献
10.
本试验研究了阴外动脉灌注乳脂前体物对奶牛产奶量及乳腺内短链脂肪酸摄取规律的影响。选择8头健康荷斯坦奶牛分为2组,每组4头牛。采用2×2交叉试验设计,2组分别饲喂2种不同粗饲料[苜蓿(MF组)、玉米秸秆(CS组)]的饲粮,饲粮的精粗比为45∶55。试验分为2阶段,每阶段20 d,其中预试期14 d,载体灌注期3 d,乳脂前体物灌注期3 d。在载体灌注期,MF组与CS组均接受载体灌注,分别命名为MFC_1组和CSC组;在乳脂前体物灌注期,MF组继续接受载体灌注(MFC_2组),CS组灌注乳脂前体物(CSF组)。测定产奶量、干物质采食量及乳成分。采集尾动脉和乳静脉血浆测定短链脂肪酸浓度和脂肪酸比例。结果表明:1)在灌注乳脂前体物前,CSC组产奶量、4%乳脂校正乳产量、乳脂产量、乳蛋白产量和产乳脂效率显著低于MFC_1组(P0.05),CSC组尾动脉血浆中短链脂肪酸浓度及短链脂肪酸/长链脂肪酸有低于MFC_1组的趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。2)灌注乳脂前体物后,CSF组产乳脂效率和乳蛋白率显著高于CSC组(P0.05),CSF组产奶量、4%乳脂校正乳产量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率尽管在数值上仍然低于MFC_2组,但组间差异不显著(P0.05),而CSF组产乳脂效率显著高于MFC_2组(P0.05)。3)灌注乳脂前体物后,CSF组尾动脉血浆中乙酸、丙酸以及短链脂肪酸浓度显著高于CSC组(P0.05),且乙酸、丁酸及短链脂肪酸浓度显著高于MFC_2组(P0.05),短链脂肪酸/长链脂肪酸有低于MFC_2组的趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。4)除CSF组丁酸动静脉差有高于CSC组的趋势(0.05≤P0.10)外,CSC组与MFC_1组、CSC组与CSF组、CSF组与MFC_2组乳腺对乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、短链脂肪酸的摄取量、摄取率和动静脉差均无显著差异(P0.05)。结果提示,以玉米秸秆为粗饲料奶牛灌注乳脂前体物可显著增加奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率和乳脂产量,并达到与以苜蓿等为粗饲料相似的水平,且具有较高的产乳脂效率,但对乳腺内短链脂肪酸的摄取量和摄取率无显著的影响。 相似文献
11.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献12.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
13.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
相似文献14.
15.
Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
16.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
相似文献17.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1988,29(8):641-646
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
18.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(8):491-495
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).
Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献19.
20.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(9):347-350
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.
Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.
相似文献