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1.
通过对1318头蜀宣花牛母牛的繁殖性能进行调查,结果显示:蜀宣花牛母牛初配年龄在16～20月龄之间,发情和产犊具有一定的季节性,以9～12月最高,5～8月最低;从牛群结构看,成年母牛占42.9%,1.5～4.0岁青年母牛占55.67%,1.5岁以下小母牛占1.43%;从产犊胎次看,产犊4胎以上的占10.67%,产犊3胎的占11.99%,产犊2胎的占19.69%,产犊1胎的占26.51%,初胎怀孕母牛占13.64%,后备小母牛占17.49%。在所调查的1076头繁殖母牛的2157个胎次中,共产犊牛2163头,其中产公犊1102头,占50.95%,产母犊1061头,占49.05%,公母比为1.04∶1;在2157个产犊胎次中,产犊间隔平均为381.48d,难产率为0.28%,双胎率为0.28%,犊牛成活率为99.26%,群体第一情期受胎率为33.75%。  相似文献   

2.
基础母牛在肉牛养殖场占有重要的地位,其繁殖性能包括配种受胎率、产犊间隔、发情率、犊牛的成活率和断奶体重等方面。母牛围产期、哺乳期的饲养管理与这几方面的指标有着重要的关系。带犊母牛的饲养管理较为复杂,也较为繁琐,在肉牛的养殖过程中需要注意这一阶段的饲养管理,以提高母牛的繁殖性能和犊牛的成活率,从而提高肉牛养殖的经济效益。  相似文献   

3.
本研究以1986年中国自主培育兼用牛新品种--三河牛,在内蒙古海拉尔谢尔塔拉种牛场核心群5 257头1998-2012年20 949条繁殖记录为研究材料,以青年牛首次妊娠日龄、青年牛首次产犊日龄、成母牛妊娠期、成母牛空怀期、产犊间隔为研究对象,用SAS 9.13、DMU软件对数据进行处理,采用AI-REML结合EM算法并配合多性状动物模型对各性状影响因素方差组分进行估计,估算出各性状遗传力,并利用各性状育种值分析其遗传趋势.结果显示,青年牛首次妊娠日龄、青年牛首次产犊日龄、成母牛妊娠期、成母牛空怀期、产犊间隔遗传力分别为0.0552、0.0638、0.0527、0.1096、0.0844,繁殖性状除成母牛空怀期遗传力为0.1096外,其余均小于0.1,属于低遗传力性状.青年牛首次妊娠日龄、青年牛首次产犊日龄、成母牛妊娠期、成母牛空怀期、产犊间隔育种值遗传趋势总体上无明显下降趋势,三河牛繁殖性能保持良好.该试验结果为三河牛优化育种方案、提高选种准确性提供重要理论依据.  相似文献   

4.
俄亥俄州大学肉牛专家迈克·德(MikeDay)说,肉牛的首要繁殖问题是产犊后的恢复配种,如使小母牛初情期提前,能有助于此问题的解决。德说,据计算,美国的产犊率为70～80%,未能培育成功的20～30％牛犊中,半数以上  相似文献   

5.
摘 要：【目的】缩短母牛产犊间隔,提高母牛繁殖效率,探索母牛一年一胎的实现路径。【方法】随机挑选21头4-6岁,产后2--3个月未发情的空怀母牛,采取以下同期发情处理程序：第1d肌肉注射GnRH 100μg/头（戈那瑞林）,第8d肌肉注射PG 0.33mg/头（氯前列醇）,第10d肌肉注射GnRH 100μg/头,第11d配种,配种后30d左右采血样送检,检测孕情状况。【结果】经早孕检测,21头送检血样中大于或临近OD值弱阳性对照（0.315）的有14头,小于OD值弱阳性对照（0.315）有7头,检测怀孕率达到66.7%。随后经直肠检查和产犊验证,实际怀孕率66.7%、怀孕牛产犊率100%。【结论】(1)早期妊娠诊断技术已经成熟,该批次血样检测正确率达100%。（2）早期妊娠诊断技术在肉牛生产中的应用可有效解决母牛的隐性发情,缩短母牛产犊间隔,提高母牛繁殖效率。（3）为夏南牛一年一胎技术的实施探索了新途径。  相似文献   

6.
农村户养条件下四川乳肉兼用牛的繁殖性能研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
调查结果表明,四川乳肉兼用母牛的初配年龄在16～24月龄之间,4.5周岁达到成年体尺体重.发情和产犊以9～12自然月为最高,其次为1～4月.牛群结构为成年母牛占42.98%,1.5～4.0岁青年母牛占55.67%,1周岁及以下小母牛1.43%.在所调查1 076头繁殖母牛的2 157个胎次中,共产犊牛2 162头,其中产公犊占50.97%,平均初生重为31.56kg;产母犊占49.03%,平均初生重为29.61 kg;公母比为1.04:1;不同犊牛性别间,公、母牛怀孕期没有明显的差异.产犊间隔平均为381.48天;难产率为0.28%,双胎率为0.28%,犊牛成活率为99.25%.群体第一情期受胎率为33.75%.  相似文献   

7.
肉牛养殖中,养好母牛是提高养牛经济效益的重要环节。提高母牛繁殖力是获得更多畜产品的基础,对于肉牛业来说,只有提高母牛受配率、受胎率、犊牛成活率才能提高养牛经济效益。按现养牛实际状况,由于不重视母牛的饲养管理,造成母牛不发情或发情不正常、难产、流产、胎衣不下或产弱犊等现象发生,严重影响牛群的繁殖力。笔者在多年的肉牛繁殖技术推广工作中,积累了一些母牛常见繁殖障碍的病情与治疗效果的经验,供养殖者借鉴与参考。  相似文献   

8.
我县是全省肉牛基地投产县之一,开展了牛的冻配工作。为了掌握本地母牛的一般繁殖规律,有计划、有步骤地开展工作,我们对本地母牛的发情季节、初产期及产犊周期作了调查,为牛的冻配工作提供了依据。一、发情季节 1.方法:调查本地母牛现带犊月龄,根据犊牛月龄加母牛妊娠期推算,得其母牛发情时间。 2.结果:根据对  相似文献   

9.
为加快新疆褐牛群体产奶性能和繁殖性能的遗传进展,本研究通过对新疆褐牛母牛305 d产奶量、产犊间隔和初产日龄性状进行遗传参数估计及遗传趋势分析。以乌鲁木齐地区1994—2017年出生的812头新疆褐牛的生产性能记录和繁殖记录为研究对象,运用DMU软件DMUAI模块采用AI-REML结合EM算法配合单性状动物模型对305 d产奶量、产犊间隔和初产日龄进行方差组分估计和遗传趋势分析。结果表明:新疆褐牛母牛305 d产奶量、产犊间隔和初产日龄的遗传力分别为0.31、0.05和0.17,其中305 d产奶量和初产日龄属于中高遗传力性状(h~20.1),产犊间隔属于低遗传力性状(h~20.1);产犊间隔和初产日龄遗传趋势变化不明显,但总体呈下降趋势。该结果为新疆褐牛遗传选育以及未来繁殖性状联合遗传评估和制定选择指数提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
对母牛生殖道环境和初情期的判断会直接影响母牛的繁殖能力与经济效益。与奶牛相比,对肉牛初情期的判断难度更大。为提高肉牛繁殖效率,试验通过判断15~18月龄西门塔尔母牛、安格斯母牛和秦川母牛的子宫、卵巢与卵泡发育状况,结合母牛的发情监测,进行生殖道等级评定(RTS),并进行人工授精研究与产犊率统计。结果表明:85%以上的育成母牛RTS在3级以上,RTS在2级的秦川牛比例显著低于西门塔尔牛和安格斯牛(P0.05);随着RTS的上升,母牛人工授精后的不返情率也随着上升,品种之间没有明显差异(P0.05);随着RTS的上升,母牛产犊率显著上升(P0.05),RTS在1~2级的育成母牛产犊率极低,RTS处于3级的秦川母牛产犊率显著高于其他品种(P0.05)。本研究表明,利用RTS等级评定,容易判断育成母牛的繁殖力,同时建议将RTS在3级及以上的育成母牛用于配种,2级及以下的母牛及时处理或淘汰以降低成本,提高经济效益。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

13.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

15.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

16.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

17.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

18.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the gland cisterns and teat cisterns. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

19.
Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone.  相似文献   

20.
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