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1.
Lists are given of arthropod pests of avocado and pecan trees in Israel. These include ten new pests of avocado and three of pecan. The pests of economic importance on avocado includeBoarmia (Ascotis) selenaria (Schiff.) (Geometridae, Lepidoptera) andHeliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché) (Thrypidae, Thysanoptera). The pests of importance on pecans includeEmpoasca decedens (Paoli) (Jassidae, Homoptera),Zeuzera pyrina L. (Cossidae, Lepidoptera), andMonellia costalis (Fitch) (Aphididae, Homoptera).  相似文献   

2.
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3.
Data are presented on the occurrence of Braconidae (Hymenoptera parasitica) parasitizing insects associated with forest and ornamental trees and shrubs in Israel. Fifty-five genera of plants are listed, the richest in braconid fauna being tamarisk (9 species); acacia, pistachio and poplar (8 species each); carob and oak (7 species each). Of the 95 species of insect hosts mentioned, 53 are Lepidoptera, mostly Gelechiidae (7 species), Pyralidae (6 species), Noctuidae (5 species), Gracillariidae, Tortricidae, Geometridae, Lymantriidae and Lycaenidae (3 species each); 44 are Coleoptera, mostly Cerambycidae (13 species), Scolytidae (12 species), and Bostrichidae (9 species); three are Diptera. Of the 92 species of braconids listed, of which only 65 have been fully named, 56 develop in Lepidoptera, mostly Noctuidae (15 species), Gelechiidae (11 species) and Pyralidae (9 species); 33 species develop in Coleoptera, mostly Cerambycidae (12 species, Bostrichidae (10 species) and Scolytidae (5 species); and three species develop in Diptera. Thirty-eight species are new to the fauna of Israel; at least three of them are new to science,viz., Gnaptodon, Gildoria andDendrosotinus titubatus Papp.  相似文献   

4.
Fifty-four insect and four mite species are included in a list of the entomofauna of plane trees in Israel. Only two species are monophagous:Phyllonorycter platani (Stgr.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) andEdwardsiana iranicola Zachv. (Heteroptera: Cicadellidae). Four species are noxious:P. platani, the main insect pest of the plane trees in Israel;Zeuzera pyrina L. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae);Kalotermes flavicollis F. (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae); andE. iranicola. Of much lesser importance areTargionia vitis Sign. (Homoptera: Diaspididae),Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Bché. andRetithrips syriacus May. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). About half of the listed species are natural enemies and many are parasites ofP. platani. Details are given on the noxious species, together with recommendations for prevention and control.  相似文献   

5.
D. Gerling 《Phytoparasitica》1984,12(2):109-118
Wild and cultivated plants in the vicinity of Kibbutz Nahshon and a few additional locations in Israel were sampled for the presence ofBemisia tabaci Genna-dius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). The whiteflies, together with their parasites,Eretmocerus mundus andEncarsia lutea, were found to develop on numerous host species throughout the winter. Especially high levels were reached onLan-tana camara, Abutilon grandifolium andIpomoea batatas. During late winter and spring the population on these hosts declined. From April onwards the populations increased on potatoes and sunflowers.  相似文献   

6.
The role of the self-sown shrubsDittrichia viscosa (L.) W. Greuter andRubus ulmifolius Schott as reservoirs of aphid parasitoids was investigated. In the field studies conducted,D. viscosa grew adjacent to crops of durum wheat and barley andR. ulmifolius grew adjacent to cotton. The relative abundance of the parasitoids of(a) Capitophorus inulae (Passerini) onD. viscosa, (b) Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) on durum wheat and barley,(c) Aphis ruborum (Börner) onR. ulmifolius, and(d) Aphis gossypii Glover on cotton in various parts of Greece, was assessed during the years 1996–2000. In 2000, the fluctuation of parasitization of the above four aphid species was recorded and the action of the aphidophagous predators of the family Coccinellidae was studied. It was observed thatAphidius matricariae Haliday predominated onC. inulae andR. padi in all sampling cases. In contrast,Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) was the dominant species parasitizingA. ruborum onR. ulmifolius andA. gossypii on cotton in Thessaly (central Greece) and Macedonia (northern Greece), whereasLysiphlebus confusus Tremblay et Eady andBinodoxys acalephae (Marshall) were the dominant parasitoid species in Thrace (northern Greece).Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus was the most abundant coccinellid species on durum wheat, whereasAdonia variegata (Goeze) predominated on cotton. However, coccinellid individuals were scarce on bothD. viscosa andR. ulmifolius. The present study indicated that these two shrubs can be regarded as useful reservoirs of aphid parasitoids.  相似文献   

7.
A new boll rot disease of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. MCU 9 was observed in Tamil Nadu, India, in 1988. The causal organism was isolated in pure culture and identified asCorynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt.) Wei. The isolate, which on cotton is pathogenic only to bolls, is considered to be different from a strain ofC. Cassiicola known elsewhere causing leaf spot of cotton. The pathogenicity of this fungus on several other important crops was also tested. The fungus produced leaf spot and stem rot diseases on, respectively, eight and six host plants. Root rot, after inoculation, was observed only inVigna sinensis, Arachis hypogaea andSesamum indicium.  相似文献   

8.
The interspecific associations amongAphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae: Homoptera),Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) andCamponotus compressus Fabricius (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) were studied in an unsprayed guava ecosystem under natural conditions. The predator(M. sexmaculatus) and the ant (Ccompressus) were positively associated with the aphid(A. gossypii), while a negative association was recorded between the predator and the ant. For quantifying these associations in terms of overlapping and exclusion, spatial interspecific association analysis was carried out. Between aphid and predator, and aphid and ant, partial overlapping (γ = 0.44 and γ = 0.55, respectively) was obtained. Thus, although the association between aphid and predator was positive, it did not seem to be strong. Between the aphid and ant it was suggestive of mutualism, without obligate interdependence. Moreover, the predator and ant showed a tendency to independent occurrence with respect to the aphid when the spatial correlations were calculated. The predator and ant showed spatially almost complete exclusion.  相似文献   

9.
S. Moran 《Phytoparasitica》1981,9(3):211-216
Plastic irrigation pipes are damaged in Israel by vertebrates — both mammals and birds — of the following species: Aves: Piciformes, Picidae —Dendrocopos syriacus. Mammalia: Rodentia —Mus musculus, Rattus rattus alexandrinus, Nesokia indica, Spalax ehrenbergi, andHystrix indica; Carnivora: Canidae —Canis familiaris, C. aureus, andVulpes vulpes; Mustelidae —Meles meles; Viveridae —Herpestes ichneumon; Artiodactyla, Suiformes: Suidae —Sus scrofa. It is assumed that the reasons these vertebrates attack and damage the pipes are the excitement regulation mechanism; the habit of gnawing or pecking; playing; and a search for drinking water.  相似文献   

10.
Data are presented on 25 species of aphids recorded in Israel during the last 25 years. Information is provided on their host plants, localities and dates of collection. The occurrence of 11 of these species has not been reported previously. Three of the species are noxious:Cinara cupressi (Buckton),Monellia caryella (Fitch) andAphis citricola van der Goot (= ?A. spiraecola Patch).  相似文献   

11.
A new carlavirus, apparently omnipresent in shallot (Allium ascalonicum) without causing symptoms, is described as shallot latent virus. It has also been detected in naturally infected onion (A. cepa) and leek (A. porrum). The virus was easily transmissible in sap and could be transferred withMyzus ascalonicus. Infection after inoculation was symptomless in onion, leek,A. fistulosum andA. jailae. Chenopodium album, C. amaranticolor andC. quinoa reacted with local lesions.A. neapolitanum andA. schoenoprasum and 20 other plant species were immune. Dilution end-point was 104–105, thermal inactivation at ca. 80°C and ageing in vitro 8–11 days. Purification by molecular sieving on Sephadex G-200 followed by equilibrium density-gradient centrifuging in CsCl was successful. Sedimentation coefficient was 147.5 S, bouyant density 1.313 g/cm3 and molecular mass of protein subunits 23 200 dalton. With the antiserum (titre 1024) distant serological relationships to some carlaviruses were determined. No inclusion bodies were observed with the light microscope. With the electron microscope a high concentration of straight or slightly curved particles with a normal length of 650 to 652 nm could easily be detected in crude sap and in purified preparations.  相似文献   

12.
Ethyl [2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl] carbamate (RO 13-5223) at a dietary concentration of 100 mg kg-1 synergized the toxicity of thetrans- andcis-isomers of permethrin and cypermethrin in inhibiting the growth (measured as gain in larval weight) ofTribolium castaneum andMusca domestica vicina. With both species the synergism factor forcis-cypermethrin with 100 mg kg-1 synergist was 1.5- to twofold for RO 13-5223 and about fourfold for piperonyl butoxide. Synergism was more pronounced with first instar than with fourth instarT. castaneum larvae. Methoprene was not a pyrethroid synergist withT. castaneum larvae, so the synergistic effect of RO 13-5223 appears to depend on its structural features and not its insect-growth-regulator activity. Joint application of RO 13-5223 and pyrethroids resulted in a dual effect on bothT. castaneum andM. domestica: increased inhibition of larval growth due to pyrethroid synergism, and progeny suppression — expressed by larval and pupal mortality — due to RO 13-5223 juvenilizing activity.  相似文献   

13.
Apotyvirus, isolated fromVallota speciosa, is tentatively designatedVallota mosaic virus (VMV). VMV was easily transmissible in sap and could be transferred byMyzus persicae in a nonpersistent manner. Infection was symptomless inNicotiana clevelandii andSpinacia oleracea, whereasHyoscyamus niger, chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Tetragonia expansa andGomphrena globosa reacted with local lesions. Dilution end-point was 104–105, thermal inactivation at c. 60°C and ageing in vitro 4–8 days. With the electron microscope elongate particles with a normal length of about 750 nm could be detected in crude sap. In ultrathin sections virus particles were observed in the cytoplasm, dispersed as well as aggregated. Pinwheel and laminate aggregated inclusions were present in sectioned leaf material. The inclusions observed in negatively stained crude sap preparations exhibited fine linear striations with a periodicity of 5.3 nm.  相似文献   

14.
Several species of trichodorid nematodes cause economically important disease on plants. Trichodorus comprises most of the trichodorid species. Trichodorus golestanensis n. sp. is described from a forest park in northern Iran. The new species belongs to the T. lusitanicus morpho-species group and is characterized in male by three ventromedian cervical papillae of which two at level of onchiostyle region, three ventromedian precloacal supplements, the posterior one just anterior to retracted spicules and ventrally curved spicules with mid-blade indentation provided with a few bristles. Females are distinguished by well developed triangular vaginal sclerotized pieces in lateral optical view, a rhomboid-shaped vagina and a transverse slit-like vulva in ventral view. Molecular analysis using the sequence of D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S rDNA differentiated the new species and confirmed the relationships of T. golestanensis n. sp. with T. andalusicus and T. asturanus. The sequences of D2-D3 regions were also provided for previous trichodorid records from Iran T. gilanensis, P. teres and N. minor together with discussion of their relationship.  相似文献   

15.
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16.
The effect of azadirachtin and salannin, two triterpenoids isolated from seeds of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), on the feeding response ofSpodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) andEarias insulana (Boisd.) larvae, was investigated. Styropor (foamed polystyrene) lamellae were painted on both sides with a mixture of 5% sucrose with different concentrations of either azadirachtin or salannin dissoled in methanol-water (3∶7). Azadirachtin strongly suppressed feeding inS. littoralis larvae even at 0.001%, whereas salannin showed some antifeedant activity at 0.005% and above. Larvae ofE. insulana were deterred from feeding on azadirachtin-treated lamellae even at 0.005%, whereas salannin was effective only at 0.01% and above. Azadirachtin applied on cotton leaves deterred larvae ofS. littoralis from feeding at all concentrations ranging between 0.001 and 0.02%.  相似文献   

17.
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes huge losses to tomato production worldwide. In July 2011 and July–August 2012, we screened for potential TYLCV hosts in a tomato-growing area in Shandong Province, the core vegetable-producing region in China. PCR detection showed that 5 species of plants, Zinnia elegans, Acalypha australis, Gossypium hirsutum, Abutilon theophrasti, and Nicotiana tabacum, were infected. Full genomic sequences of the new TYLCV isolates were obtained and submitted for sequence analysis. Sequence alignment and similarity analysis showed that they all belonged to the TYLCV-IL strain.  相似文献   

18.
This contribution focuses on recent interceptions and introductions of alien scale insects and their current distribution in European and Mediterranean countries. Data and collections were gathered in markets, nurseries, and botanical gardens, mostly in Italy, either indoors or outdoors. New or recent records of the following alien species are presented: Exallomochlus hispidus (Morrison); Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) (Pseudococcidae); Coccus viridis (Green); Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green) (Coccidae); Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead); Aspidiotus destructor Signoret; Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead; Fiorinia fioriniae Targioni Tozzetti; Lepidosaphes pinnaeformis (Bouché); Pseudaulacaspis brimblecombei Williams (Diaspididae). New data and pest status of Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell (Phoenicococcidae) and Trabutina mannipara (Hemprich & Ehrenberg) (Pseudococcidae) are also reported. The possible repeated introductions of the latter from North Africa to south Italy by trans-Mediterranean winds, is hypothesized.  相似文献   

19.
Six fungicides were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions for control of Phytophthora leaf blight of taro,Coloeasia esculenta, incited byPhytophthora colocasiae. Inin vitro tests Deraosan 65W was the most effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the test pathogen followed by Difolatan 80W, Fytolan (copper oxychloride), Apron 35F, Topsin-M 50W and Dithane Z-78 75W. Excellent control was obtained with Demosan 65W and Difolatan 80W, good control with Apron 35F, fair control with Fytolan, and poor control with Topsin-M 50W and Dithane Z-78 75W. Results ofin vivo tests were correlated with those of thein vitro tests. Roguing of infected leaves did not eradicate the pathogen but can only delay epiphytotics.  相似文献   

20.
The occurrence and geographic distribution of longidorid nematode species inhabiting the rhizosphere of cultivated and wild olive and grapevine in Crete Island were investigated. Morphological and morphometrical studies identified five Longidorus and six Xiphinema species, with frequencies of prevalence (for wild and cultivated olives and grapevines, respectively) as follows: Longidorus closelongatus (2.0–13.3 %), L. cretensis (1.0–6.7 %), L. moesicus (13.3 % only in grapevines), L. orientalis (3.3 % only in grapevines), L. pseudoelongatus (7.0 % only in olives), Xiphinema cretense n. sp. (3.0 % only in olives), X. index (3.0–23.3 %), X. israeliae (6.3 % only in olives), X. italiae (3.3–10.0 %), X. pachtaicum (26.7–42 %) and X. simile (3.3 % only in grapevines). Xiphinema cretense n. sp. is characterized by a body size 3,872–6,135 μm long, lip region anteriorly rounded, separated from the rest of the body by a depression, odontostyle and odontophore 140.6 and 80.3 μm long respectively, vulva position at 46.0–50.5 %, female tail 31.0–38.0 μm long, nearly hemispherical with curvature essentially dorsal and with a tip completely rounded or presenting a very short bulge, c ratio (119.1–186.9), c’ ratio (0.7–0.8). Molecular characterisation using D2-D3 expansion regions of 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA and ITS1-rRNA was carried out and maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among these species and with other longidorids.  相似文献   

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