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1.
废水中高浓度的盐会抑制微藻的生长,通过添加外源植物激素吲哚乙酸(IAA)来促进微藻在盐胁迫下的生长,同时考察不同微藻和盐离子种类对高盐废水培养微藻生长特性与氮磷去除的影响。结果表明,流加模式下培养28 d,小球藻、链带藻、四尾栅藻的最高生物量分别为0.55、0.66、0.75 g/L,总氮和氨氮去除率分别为70.7%、88.5%、79.7%和90.7%、92.6%、92.4%,总磷去除率均达到90%以上。四尾栅藻在模拟高盐废水培养24 d后,高质量浓度IAA(20 mg/L)对其生长效果最好,生物量最高可达0.403 g/L,低质量浓度IAA(≤2 mg/L)对其无明显促进作用甚至抑制生长;高质量浓度IAA(20 mg/L)的总氮和氨氮的去除效果最好,去除率分别为20%和44.1%;总磷去除率为97.2%,其余5组总磷去除率均维持在15%左右。此外,不同种盐条件下四尾栅藻生物量分别为0.667 g/L(空白组)、0.750 g/L(Cl-组)、0.898 g/L(NH4+组)和1.037 g/L(NH4 相似文献
2.
咸水灌溉对基质栽培甜脆豌豆生长及营养品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】探讨在水资源紧缺地区开展无土栽培咸水灌溉的可行性。【方法】采用基质盆栽试验,以甜脆豌豆为试验对象,设置0.6(淡水)、1.6、2.6、3.6、4.6 g/L共5个矿化度(深层地下淡水掺兑NaCl而成)灌水处理,研究了甜脆豌豆植株地上部和根系生长状况以及豌豆营养品质对咸水灌溉的响应。【结果】与淡水灌溉相比,灌溉水矿化度为3.6 g/L和4.6 g/L时出苗率显著(P<0.05)降低,降幅分别为12.5%和31.2%;甜脆豌豆的株高、地上部鲜/干物质量均随灌溉水矿化度的增加而显著(P<0.05)降低;在播后16 d时1.6 g/L和2.6 g/L处理的甜脆豌豆根系干物质积累未明显降低,但是在播后32d时咸水灌溉处理的根系干物质较淡水灌溉处理分别降低28.9%、40.5%、52.2%和53.1%;随灌溉水矿化度的增加,甜脆豌豆的根冠比呈增加趋势,豌豆淀粉量呈降低趋势,但2.6 g/L与0.6g/L处理间差异不显著(P≥0.05),豌豆可溶性蛋白量和可溶性糖量表现出先增加后减少的趋势,最大值均出现在2.6 g/L处理。【结论】开展基质栽培咸水灌溉甜脆豌豆是可行的,但灌溉水矿化度应≤2.6 g/L。 相似文献
3.
对新疆盐碱地排碱渠渠水、水渠水、井水和塔里木河水水样进行了分析:其总盐量分别为12 915、11 352、9 980、1 421mg/L,根据水质评价标准当地水样主要有害盐分离子为Na+、Cl-,除塔里木河水外其他水样含盐量均严重超过了农业灌溉用水标准,未经任何处理的高盐农业废水对地下水体和公共水体都造成了一定的盐污染。对比分析各种水除盐方法,初步讨论采用价格低廉且具有良好选择吸附性能的钙基膨润土作为吸附剂对3号水样(水渠水:盐度为11 352mg/L)进行除盐。在固定温度50℃、搅拌速度为0.75m/s、吸附剂用量为5g(每100mL水样),搅拌1h后静置1d,总盐量降幅为23%,Na+浓度降幅为32%。此实验结果对高盐农业废水的再利用具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
4.
5.
为合理高效利用河北低平原区浅层地下咸水资源,采用田间试验的方法,系统研究了不同矿化度(1,2,4,6,8 g/L)灌溉水对土壤盐分分布与冬小麦产量的影响.结果表明,随灌溉水中矿化度的增加,0~20 cm厚度的土层土壤容重增加,同时土壤孔隙率逐渐降低.与淡水处理(1 g/L)相比,矿化度为2 g/L的灌溉水浇灌的麦田0~100 cm土层土壤平均盐分含量未出现明显增加;冬小麦拔节期、孕穗期和抽穗期的叶面积指数、株高以及单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量和籽粒产量未呈现明显差异.然而,当灌溉水矿化度增加到4 g/L以上时,0~100 cm土层土壤平均盐分含量大幅增加,植株生长受到明显抑制,籽粒产量出现显著下降,减产主要因素为咸水灌溉导致的冬小麦穗数减少.在该灌溉模式下,推荐冬小麦咸水灌溉的适宜矿化度低于2 g/L. 相似文献
6.
《灌溉排水学报》2021,(8)
【目的】确定适宜灌溉冬小麦的咸水质量浓度阈值,通过相关性分析确定不同质量浓度咸水灌溉下影响冬小麦产量的生长和生理生化指标。【方法】旱棚桶栽试验设置2个冬小麦品种:石麦22(SM22)和小偃60(XY60),以及4个冬小麦咸水灌溉质量浓度:1 g/L(Q1)、3 g/L(Q2)、5 g/L(Q3)和7 g/L(Q4),研究了不同质量浓度咸水灌溉下冬小麦产量特征、生长和灌浆期生理生化特性。【结果】2个冬小麦品种在不同质量浓度咸水灌溉下产量变化趋势一致,但减产的程度不同。与1 g/L灌水处理相比,3、5 g/L和7 g/L咸水灌溉下石麦22的减产率分别为3.23%、24.19%和51.61%,小偃60的减产率分别为9.88%、35.80%和51.85%。随咸水质量浓度的增加,小麦产量要素(穗数和千粒质量)、生长性状(株高、旗叶叶面积、地上生物量和根生物量)、生理性状(旗叶气孔导度、蒸腾速率、净光合速率和叶绿素相对量(SPAD))、生化性状(叶K~+/Na~+、Ca~(2+)/Na~+和Mg~(2+)/Na~+)显著下降,而小麦叶脯氨酸和Na~+量显著增加。不同质量浓度咸水灌溉下,产量与千粒质量(r=0.991,P0.001)、株高(r=0.955,P0.01)、地上部生物量(r=0.961,P0.01)、根生物量(r=0.835,P0.05)、叶片SPAD值(r=0.943,P0.01)以及K~+/Na~+(r=0.908,P0.05)显著正相关,与脯氨酸量(r=-0.838,P0.05)以及Na~+量(r=-0.861,P0.05)显著负相关。【结论】不同质量浓度咸水灌溉下,不同冬小麦品种产量、生长和灌浆期生理生化表现趋势一致。7 g/L咸水灌溉对桶栽小麦产量影响显著,小麦咸水灌溉的质量浓度阈值为3～5 g/L。不同质量浓度咸水灌溉下,产量三要素中千粒质量是影响小麦产量的最主要因素;株高和生物量是影响小麦产量的主要生长指标,旗叶SPAD值是影响小麦产量的主要生理指标,叶脯氨酸量、Na~+量以及K~+/Na~+是影响小麦产量的生化指标。 相似文献
7.
采用盆栽试验模拟人工湿地净化污水,研究分析了在4个不同浓度5、10、15、20 mg/L磷溶液灌溉下,芦苇的株高、茎粗、叶面积以及地上生物量的变化,试验同时设计对照组用清水灌溉芦苇进行比较.结果表明:不同浓度的磷溶液灌溉后对芦苇的株高、茎粗、叶面积的影响不同,在污水灌溉条件下芦苇的株高、茎粗及叶面积均优于对照组,说明含磷污水灌溉有利于芦苇的生长.浓度为10 mg/L的磷溶液灌溉后芦苇的地上生物量最大,植株最高;浓度为15 mg/L的磷溶液灌溉后芦苇的茎粗最大.在固定浓度磷溶液灌溉下,7-9月灌溉对芦苇的生长影响最大.芦苇地上生物量季节动态曲线呈典型的单峰式,前期的生物量积累迅速,随着时间的推移,生物量累积速率逐渐减少,9月以后开始下降. 相似文献
8.
通过田间实验,研究亚铵法制浆中段水经土地处理的同时作为灌溉用水的农田养分平衡状况及经济效益。结果表明,亚铵法制浆中段水灌溉条件下,冬小麦-水稻轮作体系各废水处理氮、磷、钾均处于盈余状态,在最佳组合体系下氮、磷、钾盈余分别达到5.21%、60.10%、37.36%。小麦季推荐施肥量氮肥(按纯氮计)286.8 kg/hm2,磷肥(按P2O5计)64.2 kg/hm2,不施钾肥;水稻季氮、磷、钾肥均不施。亚铵法制浆中段水灌溉,1年每公顷土地可以处理废水19200 m3,产生经济效益41842元。由于小麦季废水灌溉量较少,因此可以通过湿地处理法来解决此时中段水过量的问题。 相似文献
9.
施磷量和灌溉方式对水稻磷素吸收利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《灌溉排水学报》2021,(6)
【目的】探明施磷量和灌溉方式对水稻分蘖期、拔节孕穗期磷素吸收利用的影响。【方法】以杂交稻C两优608为材料进行盆栽试验,分别设置P_1(0 g/kg)、P_2(0.18 g/kg)、P_3(0.36 g/kg)、P_4(0.54 g/kg)4个施磷水平,及干湿交替灌溉(AI)、增氧+干湿交替灌溉(AO)2种灌溉方式,系统研究了分蘖期及拔节孕穗期水稻土壤有效磷量、植株磷素吸收特性的变化及其相关性。【结果】无论是分蘖期还是拔节孕穗期,地上部磷吸收量均高于地下部,拔节孕穗期各器官磷吸收量、植株磷累积量均高于分蘖期。施磷、灌溉方式对水稻各器官磷吸收量、植株磷累积量、土壤有效磷量及磷吸收利用率影响极显著;施磷与灌溉互作对各器官磷吸收量、植株磷累积量、土壤有效磷量及分蘖期磷吸收利用率影响极显著,增氧+干湿交替灌溉下拔节孕穗期P3水平水稻磷累积量、磷吸收利用率均最高,分别为0.218 g/株、19.33%。干湿交替灌溉下土壤有效磷量与植株磷累积量、各器官磷吸收量极显著正相关;灌溉方式显著提高水稻根系对磷的吸收量;增氧+干湿交替灌溉方式下拔节孕穗期土壤有效磷量与磷吸收利用率显著负相关。【结论】增氧+干湿交替灌溉方式配施磷量0.36 g/kg时,水稻拔节孕穗期植株磷累积量最高。 相似文献
10.
基质栽培番茄临界氮浓度和氮营养指数研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了确定番茄的需氮量以及利用氮营养指数估测番茄氮盈亏水平的可行性,分别建立了基质栽培番茄临界氮浓度、氮营养指数和氮亏缺模型,为番茄精确施肥提供理论依据。采用基质栽培番茄,营养液氮素形态设置3个硝铵比为100∶0、75∶25和50∶50,标记为N100、N75+A25和N50+A50;氮素水平设置为Hoagland氮浓度(15mmol/L)的1/4、1/2和3/4。实验采用完全随机区组设计,共9个处理,每个处理15个重复。分别构建了不同氮源下番茄地上部生物量的临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型。结果表明,不同氮源处理番茄临界氮浓度和地上最大生物量间均符合幂指数关系,不同氮源模型间存在一定差异,参数ac(ac为地上部生物量为1g/株时的临界氮浓度)差异表明对于相同的地上部生物量,N75+A25处理番茄的氮累积能力高于N100和N50+A50;b值(b为曲线斜率)不同说明N75+A25处理植株衰老缓慢,叶氮浓度下降较N100和N50+A50慢,因而其曲线斜率低。基于临界氮浓度的氮营养指数(NNI)和氮亏缺模型Nand对番茄的适宜氮源和浓度诊断结果一致,均以N75+A25(1/2)s为最佳施氮组合。根据模型推算的NNI与相对地上部生物量、相对氮累积量和相对产量均呈显著相关性。临界氮稀释模型具有明确的生物学意义,该模型得出的分析结果是合适和可靠的。 相似文献
11.
Use of saline aquaculture wastewater to irrigate salt-tolerant Jerusalem artichoke and sunflower in semiarid coastal zones of China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In 2004 and 2005, the feasibility of agricultural use of saline aquaculture wastewater for irrigation of Jerusalem artichoke and sunflower was conducted in the Laizhou region using saline aquaculture wastewater mixed with brackish groundwater at different ratios. Six treatments with different electrical conductivities (EC) were included in the experiment: CK1 (rainfed), CK2 (irrigation with freshwater, EC of 0.02 dS m−1), and saline aquaculture wastewater (EC of 39.2 dS m−1) mixed with brackish groundwater (EC of 4.4 dS m−1) at volumetric ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 with corresponding EC of 22.0, 16.1, 13.2, and 11.4 dS m−1. Soil electrical conductivity (ECe) in the saline aquaculture wastewater irrigation treatments was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than that in the rainfed or freshwater irrigation treatments, and the maximum value occurred in the 22.0 dS m−1 treatment. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) ranged from 4.1 to 11.7 mmol1/2 L−1/2 and increased with decreasing salinity of irrigation water. The biomass of Jerusalem artichoke significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) when irrigated with saline aquaculture wastewater compared to the rainfed or freshwater irrigation treatments; however, the effect of salinity on root biomass was much smaller than the aerial parts. Concomitantly, the highest tuber yield of Jerusalem artichoke occurred in the 11.4 dS m−1 treatment, while the highest seed yield of sunflower occurred in the rainfed treatment. Additionally, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of Jerusalem artichoke were significantly higher in the 11.4 dS m−1 treatment than the other treatments. This study demonstrated that properly diluted saline aquaculture wastewater can be used successfully to irrigate Jerusalem artichoke with higher economic yield and nutrient removal, but not sunflower due to the difference in salt tolerance. 相似文献
12.
Research addressing the interactive effects of the dual plant stress factors, excess boron and salinity, on crop productivity has expanded considerably over the past few years. The purpose of this research was to determine and quantify the interactive effects of salinity, salt composition and boron (B) on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) fresh head yield, biomass distribution and consumptive water use. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using a sand-tank system in which salinity-B treatment solutions were supplemented with a complete nutrient solution. Chloride-dominated salinity and salinity characteristic of California's San Joaquin valley (SJV), or sulfate-dominated, were tested at ECw levels of 2, 12 and 19 dS m−1. Each salinity treatment consisted of boron treatments of 0.5, 12 and 24 mg L−1. Plant head yield and shoot biomass were significantly reduced by both salinity and boron. Moreover, there was a significant salinity-boron interaction where increased boron was relatively less detrimental under saline conditions. These results occurred regardless of the salt solution composition (chloride or SJV). We found that an ‘interactive model’ better described our growth response than did a ‘single stressor yield model’. Salinity and boron also affected the distribution of shoot biomass. Regardless of salt type, as salinity increased, the fraction of biomass as leaf tissue increased while the biomass fraction as stems and particularly heads, decreased. However, an increase in B at low or high salinity with the SJV composition, decreased the head biomass fraction. This was not observed at moderate salinity, nor on any plants treated with Cl-dominated salinity. Cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) was also reduced by increased salinity but water use efficiency (WUE) was not. WUE was reduced by increased boron, but only at the low and high salinity levels. 相似文献
13.
从理论可行性出发,初步设计一种分流装置,再从功能和效率的角度对其进行改进,最后采用计算流体力学软件Fluent对农业退水分流过程进行数值模拟,对比分析不同流速下的盐度场和速度场,结果表明该分流装置可为最终设计提供参考。试验工况分3组进行,设定入口流速作为唯一变量,3组试验均假定相同的入口盐度分布函数。截取2个Y轴剖面的流速场云图和4个X轴剖面的盐度场云图进行对比分析。结果表明,分流装置可以对不同盐度的农业退水进行分流。上导流槽得到低盐度农业退水,下导流槽得到较高盐度退水。分流的效率取决于装置尺寸、分层流流速和盐度分布等因素,可根据实际情况进行调整和优化。 相似文献
14.
再生水灌溉对黑麦草生长及重金属分布特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了阐明再生水灌溉对重金属富集植物黑麦草生长及重金属分布特征的影响,以自来水灌溉为对照,研究了再生水灌溉下黑麦草生物量、黑麦草及土壤中重金属分布特征的变化。结果表明：再生水灌溉显著增加了黑麦草生物量,地上部、根系和总生物量分别增加了26.79%、10.55%、24.91%。再生水灌溉下,黑麦草地上部和根系中Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd的含量显著增加,土壤重金属没有积累,土壤中Pb和Zn含量降低明显。再生水灌溉显著降低土壤pH、增加土壤有机质含量会对土壤重金属的活性有一定的影响。 相似文献
15.
F.M. Kiziloglu M. Turan U. Sahin Y. Kuslu A. Dursun 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):716-724
The use of wastewater for irrigation is increasingly being considered as a technical solution to minimize soil degradation and to restore nutrient content of soils. The aims of this study were to test if wastewater irrigation could improve soil fertility without affecting the quality of soils and plants. A field experiment was conducted in 2006 to investigate the effects of irrigation with untreated, and preliminary and primary treated wastewater on macro- and micronutrient distribution within the soil profile, yield and mineral content of cauliflower and red cabbage plants grown on a calcareous Aridisol in eastern Anatolia, Erzurum province, Turkey. Wastewater irrigation affected significantly soil chemical properties in the 0–30 cm soil layer and plant nutrient content after harvest. Application of wastewater increased soil salinity, organic matter, exchangeable Na, K, Ca, Mg, plant available phosphorus and microelements, and decreased soil pH. Wastewater irrigation treatments also increased the yield as well as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cd contents of cauliflower and red cabbage plants. The highest yield, macro- and micronutrient uptake of cauliflower and red cabbage plants were obtained with the untreated wastewater. Undesirable side effects such as heavy metal contamination in soil and plant, and salinity were not observed with the application of wastewater. It can be concluded that untreated wastewater can be used confidently, in the short term, in agricultural land, while primary treated wastewater can be used in sustainable agriculture in the long term. 相似文献
16.
Effect of long-term un-treated domestic wastewater re-use on soil quality, wheat grain and straw yields and attributes of fodder quality 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert W. Simmons Waqas Ahmad Andrew D. Noble Michael Blummel Alexandra Evans Philipp Weckenbrock 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2010,24(1-2):95-112
In 2006 a comprehensive sampling program was undertaken in two pre-selected peri-urban villages in Faisalabad, Pakistan to evaluate the soil and agronomic impacts of long-term (25–30 years) untreated wastewater re-use on wheat grain and straw yields and attributes of wheat straw fodder quality. Soil SAR, ESP, RSC and ECe were 63%, 37%, 31%, and 50% higher under wastewater (WW) as compared with canal water (CW) irrigated plots. Further, 2.7 and 6.65 fold increases in soil NO 3 ? + NO 2 ? - N and Olsen-P were observed in WW as compared with CW irrigated plots. However, no significant differences in grain yield, wheat straw biomass, or fodder quality attributes were observed between WW and CW irrigated plots. In addition, for both CW and WW irrigated plots wheat straw, Cd and Pb concentrations were orders of magnitude below the EC Maximum permissible levels for Pb and Cd in feed materials and thus pose no threat to the fodder-livestock food chain. Further, elevated soil N associated with WW irrigated plots has a significant (p?<?0.01) positive influence on fodder quality by increasing the N content. Factorial ANOVA with covariance indicates that effective management of the elevated soil ECe in WW irrigated plots would increase grain yield and wheat straw biomass by 853 kg ha?1 (19.5%) and 819 kg ha?1 (18.6%) respectively as compared with CW irrigated plots. In Faisalabad, if managed appropriately to address emerging salinity issues the contribution of wastewater irrigation to the achievement of MDGs 1 and 7 could be significant if adverse impacts remain as marginal as found in this study. 相似文献
17.
CropSyst, a management-oriented crop growth model, was modified to assess crop response to salinity. The effect of salinity
was included in the existing water uptake module by adding an osmotic component to the soil water potential and developing
a function to account for salinity effects on root permeability. The effect of salinity on water uptake is the link to simulate
crop growth reduction. A qualitative analysis showed that the model simulated expected trends of crop response to salinity
as affected by cultivar tolerance, atmospheric vapor pressure deficit, and soil water availability. Comparisons with data
from sprinkler line experiments were performed for barley grown at Zaragoza (Spain) in 1986 and 1989, and corn at Davis, Calif.
and Fort Collins, Colo. in 1975. These experiments included different salinity and irrigation levels. At Davis, the model
simulated well the effect of salinity/irrigation treatments on water use, biomass, and crop yield, with values for the Willmot
index of agreement (d) generally better than 0.94 (a value of 1.0 implying perfect agreement). At Fort Collins, simulation of grain yield was less
satisfactory (d fluctuated between 0.83 and 0.90), but the agreement was good for crop water use and biomass (d generally better than 0.96). The lower performance for grain yield was attributed to large and erratic variations in the
observed harvest index. The agreement between simulated and observed values tended to be lower at Zaragoza, with d values fluctuating between 0.84 and 0.91 for biomass and yield in the 2 years included in this evaluation. Unusually high
measured yields in 1989 and erratic variation in 1986 were attributed to small sample size. The small size (increased measurement
error) of samples typically obtained in sprinkler line source experiments tends to limit their use for evaluation of simulation
models. 相似文献
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An experimental biomass crop of Nicotiana tabacum was grown over a nine-month period inside a greenhouse situated in Almería, south-eastern Spain. Two irrigation methods corresponding to treated urban wastewater and groundwater, were arranged. No significant differences were observed in the total biomass produced on the treated wastewater and groundwater plots, which ranged from 17 to 28 kg m−2, depending on plant density. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied in order to gain knowledge of the potential impacts of using either treated wastewater, groundwater, or desalinated water for irrigation. The LCA study included all the processes involved in agricultural production up to the final plant cutting. Since desalinated water was not actually used in the experiment, the experimental data from tobacco irrigated with groundwater was used in the LCA. Impact categories included were: global warming; acidification; water eutrophication; primary energy use; as well as aquatic and terrestrial ecotoxicity. Special attention was put on the ecotoxicity of emerging and priority pollutants in treated wastewater, as well as on soil quality impacts, namely soil organic carbon deficit and soil salinisation. The results show that using desalinated water leads to higher environmental impacts in several impact categories, including global warming, energy use, soil quality, and aquatic ecotoxicity. As an example, primary energy use increases by 80% and 50% as compared to using treated wastewater and groundwater, respectively. On the other hand, wastewater pollutants in irrigation water may involve a relevant contribution to terrestrial ecotoxicity. For this reason, the impact score of the wastewater-irrigated crop is 23% and 35% higher as compared to the crop using desalinated water and groundwater, respectively. 相似文献
20.
《Agricultural Water Management》2001,51(2):87-98
Broadbean, chickpea, lentil and soybean were grown in a tank experiment and irrigated with waters of three different levels of salinity. The nitrogen uptake of the crop was determined from the yield of aereal biomass and grain, and the corresponding nitrogen contents. The biological contribution of the soil from nitrogen fixation and transformation of organic nitrogen was calculated as difference between the plant uptake and the amount supplied by fertilizer and irrigation minus the loss by drainage.Soil salinity affected crop yield, crop total nitrogen uptake and the nitrogen contribution of the soil. The latter decreased in % of plant uptake at increasing salinity and also decreased stronger than the plant uptake, pointing to a salinity effect on the mineral nitrogen production by biological activity in the soil through nitrogen fixation and transformation of organic nitrogen. A salinity effect on nitrogen fixation could explain, at least partly, the salt sensitivity of grain legumes. 相似文献