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毒素是大豆疫霉根腐病的主要致病因子之一,而毒素对大豆细胞超微结构的影响还未见报道,用不同浓度的毒素处理抗感不同大豆品种的叶片,为揭示毒素在细胞水平的致病机理及寄主抗毒索的机理奠定一定的理论基础.结果表明,较高浓度大豆疫霉根腐病菌毒素(稀释50倍,浓度为0.1794 mg·mL-1)处理抗感不同大豆品种的离体叶片后,不论是抗病品种还是感病品种叶片细胞内部结构都遭到了明显的破坏.适宜浓度的毒素(稀释100倍,浓度为0.0897 mg·mL-1)处理抗感品种离体叶片后,抗病品种细胞内部结构基本上比较完整,而感病品种叶片细胞内部结构已经发生了较大的变化,叶绿体嵴变形,基粒片层已经基本消失,叶绿体膜已经解体,线粒体空泡化严重.说明只有在适宜浓度毒素处理下,才能在细胞超微结构上区分出抗感品种在抗性上的差异. 相似文献
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大豆接种疫霉根腐病菌后过氧化物酶活性的变化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过分析不同抗性大豆品种接种疫霉根腐病菌l号生理小种后，根、茎、叶中过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化的规律，探讨了过氧化物酶在大豆抗疫霉根腐病中的作用。研究结果表明：抗感品种接种疫霉根腐病1号生理小种后，同一品种不同部位POD活性变化是不相同的，通过不同部位之间POD活性的变化来共同完成抵抗病原菌侵害的过程。大豆接种疫霉根腐病菌后过氧化物酶活性的变化，不宜作为一种生化指标来鉴定品种对疫霉根腐病的抗性。 相似文献
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油菜素内酯(BR)对大豆疫霉根腐病抗性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以抗、感疫霉根腐病的2个品种和一对矮秆突变体与野生型为材料,研究BR对抗大豆疫霉根腐病防御反应的过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的影响.目的是明确BR对抗大豆疫霉根腐病的作用效果,鉴定矮秆突变体的抗性.酶活测定表明,接种使大豆叶片的POD和PAL活性显著增强,说明病原物诱导使植株产生系统抗病性;加BR接种处理(B P )比加BR不接种处理(B P-)的POD和PAL活性有一定的增强,表明BR对抗大豆疫霉根腐病有一定的抗性效果;挑战接种鉴定表明,东农42属于感病,而东泽11属于中间类型,施加BR后对这两个品种的抗性均有增强作用. 相似文献
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接种疫霉根腐菌对大豆苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
大豆疫霉根腐病是一种危害严重的疫霉病害,对于抗病性的生理生化机制研究很少。苯丙氨酸解氨酶是联系初级代谢和次级代谢的关键酶,对于植物抗病性具有重要意义。为探讨苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性变化与大豆对疫霉根腐病抗性的关系,对不同抗、感病大豆品种接种疫霉根腐菌1号生理小种前及接种24、48、72、96h后测定叶片中苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的变化特点进行分析,探讨苯丙氨酸解氨酶在抗大豆疫霉根腐病中所起的作用。结果表明：接种大豆疫霉菌1号生理小种后,抗、感病品种叶肉细胞中苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性都呈现出规律性变化趋势,但在抗、感病大豆品种中峰值变化幅度不同,表明大豆对疫霉根腐病的抗性与苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性有关。 相似文献
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大豆抗疫霉根腐病基因SSR标记 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
选用感病大豆品种合丰25和抗病大豆品种抗线2号作为亲本配制杂交组合,获得F2种子.种植F2代种子获得F2:3家系,作为分子标记分离群体,进行大豆抗疫霉根腐病基因SSR标记.共筛选覆盖大豆全基因组的350对SSR引物,其中52对引物在亲本间具有多态性,在F2群体中通过BSA法筛选出与抗疫霉病基因相关的多态性差异引物1对,为Scaa003,位于大豆公共遗传图谱的J连锁群.同时该引物在其他10个抗病品种及4个感病品种中抗、感病谱带检出率均为100%,具有一定的检测通用性,可以为大豆疫霉根腐菌1号生理小种抗性材料的辅助选择提供理论依据. 相似文献
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Harpins诱导苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性防治大豆疫霉根腐病研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确Harpins蛋白对大豆疫霉根腐病的抗病机制,对抗感不同大豆品种幼苗喷施Harpins蛋白,并测定喷施后120 h内大豆根系中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的动态变化。结果表明:大豆喷施harpins蛋白后,根中PAL活性较对照增加,其中感病类型品种增加幅度较大;在喷施Harpins蛋白后120 h内,感病品种的PAL活性呈先增加后降低的趋势,并于喷施后72 h达到峰值,而抗病品种的PAL活性呈缓慢增加趋势。 相似文献
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W. B. Collins 《American Journal of Potato Research》1977,54(7):339-352
The basis of difference in field growth and yield in Netted Gem potato plants grown from greenhouse transplants, from seed which was greensprouted for two weeks prior to planting and from seed which was retained in storage until planting was studied by measuring changes in plant dry weight and leaf area throughout the season. Cut seed, approximately 70g in size, which were either two or four-cut from 142g or 283g mother tubers respectively, were used in the comparisons. Transplants were started in 7.6 cm peat pots in the greenhouse and were transplanted to the field when 10 cm high. The greensprouted seed was cut from mother tubers which had been sprouted under fluorescent light at 15–18°C for two weeks producing strong sprouts 5 mm long. Transplants, greensprouted seed and seed from mother tubers held in 3°C storage were all planted in the field May 30, 1974, coinciding with commercial plantings of Netted Gem in the province. Backup field experiments, comparing similarly treated greensprouted and storage seed and transplants, were conducted in 1974 and 1975 but were not subjected to growth analysis. All plantings were grown on a Riverbank sandy loam soil. The 1974 growing season in New Brunswick was excellent while that for 1975 was dry and required extensive irrigation. The use of transplants established a substantial advantage in terms of early emergence and yields were consistently and significantly greater than those of greensprouted-seed and unsprouted-seed plants. The transplant yield advantage was attributed to the fact that tuberization was advanced substantially compared with the latter two types. Higher relative growth rates were associated with later emergence so that the rate for plants growing from unsprouted seed was greater than that for plants growing from greensprouted plants which, in turn, was superior to that of transplants. This pattern was maintained through the season. Consequently, small advantages in time of emergence, such as that obtained with greensprouted-seed plants, were not accompanied by significant yield differences. Canopy size decreased as emergence was delayed and canopy size differences were determined largely by the amount of branching. As canopy size decreased and emergence was delayed, the net assimilation rate was found to increase. 相似文献
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我国红碎茶与斯里兰卡红碎茶比较分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对我国海南通什、云南凤庆、广东英德２号茶和出口拼配红碎茶、斯里兰卡高地、中地和低地红碎茶同年样品的分析,结果表明,我国上述三地的大叶种红碎茶主要品质成分含量及内质化学鉴定分数均高于斯里兰卡红碎茶,仅香气次之。但出口样拼配红碎茶的主要品质成分含量和内质化学鉴定分数均显著低于斯里兰卡红碎茶。文中对我国与斯里兰卡红碎茶品质的差异原因进行了讨论,并建议我国大叶种红碎茶直接并且及时出口。 相似文献
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Clarke Alfred E. Edmundson W. C. Lombard P. M. 《American Journal of Potato Research》1941,18(10):273-279
American Journal of Potato Research - Spraying potato plants with dilute concentrations of a-naphthal-eneacetamide was not effective in increasing flower or seed ball production in the greenhouse... 相似文献
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A. HOPKINS T. M. MARTYN R. H JOHNSON R. D. SHELDRICK R. H. LAVENDER 《Grass and Forage Science》1996,51(4):343-349
A small-plot experiment was carried out with grass-lotus (Lotus spp.) swards on a lowland (185 m) clay-soil site in S-W England. Two species of lotus (Lotus corniculatus cv. Leo and L. pedunculatus, syn, L. uliginosus, cv. Maku) were each sown at 10 kg seed ha?1 with lour grass species each at two grass-seed rates: Festuca pratensis at 6 or 3 kg ha?1 and Phleum pratense, Agrostis capillaris and Poa pratensis at 4 or 2 kg ha?1. Assessments were made over three harvest years (1992–94). during which no fertilizers were applied. Mean total herbage dry matter (DM) harvested from cv. Leo swards was 90 t ha?1 in year 1, 8–9 t ha?1 in year 2 and 4 0 t ha?1 in year 3. and from cv. Maku swards 6–6 t ha?1 in year 1. 8–9 t ha?1 in year 2 and 3–9 t ha?1 in year 3. Highest three-year mean total yields were with F. pratensis as the companion grass (7–4 t ha?1 year?1), followed by Phleum pratense (7–0 t ha?1), A. capillaris (6–9 t ha?1) and Poa pratensis (6–2 t ha?1). The lower grass-seed rate resulted in a greater proportion of lotus in the total harvested DM in year I. The higher grass-seed rate resulted in higher yields from F. pratensis swards in year 1, but there were no significant effects for other species or in subsequent years. Lotus as a proportion of harvested DM declined from about 70% in year 1 to about 20% in year 3. The mean DM yield of lotus herbage in years 1, 2 and 3, respectively, was 5–5, 2–8 and 0–8 t ha?1 from cv. Leo swards, and 4–0, 3–3 and 0–8 t ha?1 from cv. Maku swards. Lotus herbage was of higher digestibility from cv. Leo [digestible organic matter (DOM) of 661 g kg?1 of lotus DM] compared with cv. Maku (551 g kg?1 DM). Mean N content of lotus herbage was 35 g N kg?1 DM. Digestibility of companion grass herbage was highest for Phleum pratense (557 g kg?1 DM) and lowest for A. capillaris (493 g kg?1 DM). It is concluded that lotus may be an alternative legume to white clover for low-input, low-fertility situations. However, further research is needed to evaluate its performance on different sites and under different management regimes, particularly grazing, and to overcome the apparent problems of its persistence. 相似文献
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Fifty-one percent of 110 lots of certified seed potatoes from 10 states and Canada sampled in 1968 and 30% of 134 lots from nine states and Canada sampled in 1969 were infected withVerticillium albo-atrum. Fortyone percent of the 1968 lots and 13% of the 1969 lots carried soil infested with the fungus on tuber surfaces. The dark mycelial type ofV. albo-atrum was found infecting tubers more often than the microsclerotial type, however, high propapgule populations of the microsclerotial type were present on tuber surfaces in the soil of infested lots. Over 24% of the isolates ofV. albo-atrum infecting and infesting tubers from lots of seed potatoes were pathogenic to eggplant var. Black Beauty. Captan®, household bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite), Polyram®, Orthocide®, and Semesan Bel®, were effective in preventing germination of the fungus in small amounts of soil such as might be carried by infested tubers. Liquid treatments were more effective than dusts. 相似文献
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为探究不同提取方法对黑胡椒挥发性成分的影响,本研究以黑胡椒为材料,利用顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）、戊烷:乙醚（1:1）溶剂萃取法和甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）溶剂萃取法对黑胡椒中的香气成分进行提取,结合气相色谱质谱联用法（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry）和主成分分析法（PCA）对提取的香气物质进行分析。3种提取方法共得到6类（烯类、醇类、酚类、烃类、崁类、烯类氧化物）33种物质。戊烷:乙醚（1:1）溶剂萃取法、MTBE溶剂萃取法及顶空固相微萃取法分别检测到25、23、27种挥发性化合物,其中,相对含量较高的化合物均为3-蒈烯、柠檬烯、β-石竹烯、β-蒎烯。2种溶剂萃取法中,戊烷:乙醚（1:1）溶剂萃取法检测到的特有化合物有α-松油烯、α-松油醇、β-金合欢烯;与2种溶剂萃取法相比,顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）检测到的特有化合物有樟脑、4-萜烯醇、2-(4-甲基苯基)丙-2-醇、橙花醇、香树烯、β-甜没药烯和愈创兰油烃。结合主成分分析得出,β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、柠檬烯、β-石竹烯对黑胡椒香气风味贡献率较大,其中顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）与2种溶剂萃取法所得成分差异明显。在溶剂萃取法中,戊烷:乙醚（1:1）溶剂萃取法优于MTBE溶剂萃取法。溶剂萃取法与顶空固相微萃取法所得物质在种类与数量上均存在差异。在胡椒香气物质检测时,将2种方法相结合可以更大程度保证所得化合物种类的丰富性和全面性。 相似文献
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Kadir Bilisik 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(4):603-615
The aim of this study was to determine the para-aramid fabric shear by the pull-out method. The fabric sample dimensions and the number of pull-out ends were identified as important parameters. Fabric shear depended on fabric density. Fabric shear strength increased when the number of pulled ends increased. When the fabric length increased, fabric shear strength generally increased. The number of pulled ends and the fabric sample dimensions influenced the fabric shear rigidity. Shear jamming angles were found based on the number of pulled ends. The results showed that para-aramid fabric shear could be measured by yarn pull-out test. 相似文献