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1.
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), previously known as feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus (FTLV), was first described by Pedersen et al. (1987) who isolated the virus from cats with a variety of clinical signs suggestive of immunodeficiency. Since then FIV has become one of the most studied feline viruses, not least because of its similarity to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) which cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in man. 相似文献
2.
Feline immunodeficiency virus infection 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
N C Pedersen J K Yamamoto T Ishida H Hansen 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1989,21(1):111-129
3.
E B Otesile G Ahmed A I Adetosoye 《Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux》1990,43(1):49-53
Salmonella typhimurium infection was experimentally induced in goats by administering 2 x 10(10) organisms per os. The disease produced was characterized by pyrexia, diarrhoea and neutrophilia. One goat died from septicaemia. Somatic "0" agglutinins were detected 14 days post infection (p.i.). Excretion of organisms in faeces ceased by 6 weeks p.i. Goats which recovered from primary infection were refractory to a secondary challenge with 2 x 10(11) organisms. The results indicate that in the absence of signs of ill-health, the detection of neutrophilia and "0" agglutinins and isolation of Salmonella organisms from faeces mainly served as evidence of recent infection. 相似文献
4.
OBJECTIVE: To assess postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) rate and to identify associated predictive factors. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Dogs and cats that had surgery (1010 interventions) during 58 weeks from April 1999 to June 2000. METHODS: Data sheets were completed by clinicians. Patients were controlled for clinical evidence of SSI at suture removal. Two definitions of SSI ("infection" and "infection/inflammation") were developed specifically for this study and used for statistical analysis. Logistic regression models were built in order to identify significant predictive factors for SSI. RESULTS: Wounds with "infection/inflammation" occurred in 5.8% and "infected" wounds in 3% of patients. The outcome "infection" was associated with 3 major risk factors (duration of surgery, increasing number of persons in the operating room, dirty surgical site) and 1 protective factor (antimicrobial prophylaxis). The outcome "infection/inflammation" was associated with 6 significant factors (duration of anesthesia, duration of postoperative intensive care unit stay, wound drainage, increasing patient weight, dirty surgical site, and antimicrobial prophylaxis). CONCLUSIONS: SSI frequency in companion animals is comparable with the frequency observed in human surgical patients. Several significant predictive factors for SSI in small animals surgery were identified. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Baseline information for SSI surveillance in our hospital and for comparison with other studies was defined. The factors identified may help to predict infections in surgical patients and to take adequate preventive measures for patients at risk. 相似文献
5.
The pathophysiology, clinical course and therapeutic management of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in dogs are well known. However, the aetiology remains elusive. Aerophagia has often been put forward as a contributing cause of GDV. The most common clinical sign in dogs with nasal mite (Pneumonyssoides caninum) infection is reversed sneezing, which may result in aerophagia. A prospective one-year necropsy study was conducted. Of 250 dogs, 17 were GDV cases and, of these, 35% had concurrent nasal mite infection compared to 5% in the control population. Multivariate logistic regression analyses performed using the 187 dogs with complete records included nasal mite infection status, age, weight and gender. Nasal mite infection was found to be the most important risk factor for GDV in this study, with an odds ratio and confidence interval of 27.6 (4.8–157.5). Other risk factors that were marginally significant included weight and age with odds ratios of 1.08 (1.02–1.13) and 1.37 (1.04–1.79), respectively. Gender was not found to be a significant risk factor for GDV. This study suggests that nasal mite infection may contribute to the development of GDV in otherwise predisposed dogs. 相似文献
6.
Diminazene aceturate was administered intravenously at 3.5 mg/kg body weight to mongrel dogs before and after infection with Trypanosoma congolense. Plasma and urine were collected at varying intervals thereafter and analysed for the compound. The mean are under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of diminazene in healthy dogs was 25.8 h.g/ml but was significantly increased (p<0.05) to 35.7 h.g/ml after infection with T. congolense. The distribution half-life was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in dogs after infection, being 0.12 h compared to 0.17 h in the same dogs before infection. The mean proportion of the diminazene recovered in the urine of infected dogs (25.1%) was not significantly different from that recovered in the urine of healthy dogs (26.8%). These results indicate that infection with T. congolense increases the rate at which diminazene is distributed in the body but that the infection has no marked influence on the urinary excretion of the drug. 相似文献
7.
Saeed El-Ashram Fathi Abouhajer Maged El-Kemary Guangping Huang Güngör Dinçel Rashid Mehmood Min Hu Xun Suo 《Veterinary research communications》2017,41(4):263-277
The interactions between gastric microbiota, ovine host, and Haemonchus contortus portray the ovine gastric environment as a complex ecosystem, where all factors play a pertinent role in fine-tuning each other and in haemeostasis. We delineated the impact of early and late Haemonchus infection on abomasal and ruminal microbial community, as well as the ovine host. Twelve, parasite-naive lambs were divided into four groups, 7 days post-infection (dpi) and time-matched uninfected-control groups; 50 dpi and time-matched uninfected control groups were used for the experiment. Six sheep were inoculated with 5000 H. contortus infective larvae and followed for 7 or 50 days with their corresponding uninfected-control ones. Ovine abomasal tissues were collected for histological analysis and gastric fluids were collected for PH value measurements, microbial community isolation and Illumina MiSeq platform and bioinformatic analysis. Our results showed that Haemonchus infection increased the abomasal gastric pH (P = 0.05) and resulted in necrotizing and inflammatory changes that were more severe during acute infection. Furthermore, infection increased the abomasal bacterial load and decreased the ruminal microbiome. A 7-day infection of sheep with H. contortus significantly altered approximately 98% and 94% of genera in the abomasal and ruminal bacterial profile, respectively (P = 0.04–0.05). However, the approximate altered genera 50 days after infection in the ovine abomasal and ruminal microbiome were about 62% and 69%, correspondingly (P = 0.04–0.05) with increase in some bacteria and decrease in others. Overall, these results indicate that Haemonchus infection plays a crucial role in shaping stomach microbial community composition, and diversity. 相似文献
8.
The Pharmacokinetics of a Long-acting Oxytetracycline Formulation in Healthy Dogs and in Dogs Infected with Ehrlichia canis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The pharmacokinetic properties of oxytetracycline were studied following a single injection of a long-acting formulation (20 mg/kg body weight) into the semimembranosus muscle of healthy dogs and of dogs that had been experimentally infected with Ehrlichia canis. The disposition curves of the long-acting oxytetracycline formulation before and after infection were best described by a bi-exponential decline after a first-order absorption. The mean maximum serum concentration (C
max) following infection was significantly lower and the time taken to attain this concentration (t
max) was significantly shorter than that in the healthy dogs. The mean apparent elimination half-life (t
1/2) was significantly increased following infection. The corresponding rate constant () was significantly decreased. The absorption half-life (t
1/2ab) was significantly decreased after infection. The volume of distribution at steady state (V
dss) increased significantly following infection. It was concluded that the pharmacokinetic behaviour of a long-acting oxytetracycline in dogs after intramuscular administration is characterized by a two-compartment model with a slow elimination phase. This could be due to flip-flop kinetics. The febrile reaction in experimental E. canis infection affected some pharmacokinetic parameters of oxytetracycline. 相似文献
9.
The activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactage dehydrogenase (LDH) was studied in chick-embryo fibroblast cultures after inoculation of the virulent strain "A2" and the avirulent strain "MK" of herpesvirus suum. Strain "A2" reduced SDH activity, and so did strain MK, but here the decrease of enzyme activity was slower, and it did not become evident until the 24th hour. LDH activity fluctuated after "A2" infection but was generally increased, while there was no change in LDH activity, compared with uninfected control cells, after "MK" infection. When interaction of cell and virus took place in the presence of 5-iodo-2-desoxyuridine (IUDR), strain "A2" produced little change in the enzymes, but "MK" infection was accompanied by a definite fall in SDH and a slight increase in LDH. The presence of IUDR inhibited the proliferation of the virulent strain but had no apparent effect on proliferation of the attenuated strain "MK". Investigation of the enzyme activity of cells infected with Aujeszky's disease virus has revealed new biological properties of the virus, which might serve to distinguish between different strains of the virus. 相似文献
10.
Experimental bovine group-B streptococcal mastitis induced by strains of human and bovine origin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
N E Jensen 《Nordisk veterinaermedicin》1982,34(12):441-450
Intramammary infections with Group-B streptococci of human and bovine origin were produced experimentally in cows. The initial cytological response was more rapid to the human than to the bovine strain (Table I), while at later stages the pathological changes induced by the two infections were much the same (Fig. 1). The initial clinical reaction was more acute to the "human" than to the "bovine" infections and the average daily loss of milk was greater in cases of "human" infection than in cases of "bovine" infection (Table II). In contrast to the "bovine" infections the "human" infections showed a pronounced tendency to spontaneous clearance. The rate of excretion of Group-B streptococci with the milk was lower for the "human" than for the "bovine" infections (Table III). The special mode of reaction of the bovine udder against infections with Group-B streptococci of human origin may, in part, explain why such infections have a lower tendency to spread within a herd than infections with bovine strains of B-streptococci. 相似文献
11.
Normal horses of all ages regularly show evidence of having responded immunologically to R. equi, thus adding serological support to epidemiological evidence that this organism is a normal intestinal inhabitant. More animals from "diseased" farms show a stronger antibody response when compared with foals from "healthy" farms. Various serological tests have been used to detect evidence of infection and to relate antibody level to severity of disease. Anti-R. equi IgG antibody levels, as measured by ELISA, are raised significantly during natural infection. Clinical severity of pneumonia can be correlated with lower specific antibody responses. Following experimental infection, immunological responses can be detected by complement fixation, indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA, lymphocyte blastogenesis and skin testing. Very little work has been carried out to evaluate vaccines against R. equi infection and results have not been encouraging. Success in treatment has been reported following passive immunisation. Administration of immune leucocyte extracts has had no effect on morbidity or mortality rates. The widespread distribution of this organism, together with the relative infrequency of disease caused by it, suggest that R. equi may initiate infection only in such circumstances as a very high infectious challenge, immunological immaturity or deficiency in the host and genetic predisposition. 相似文献
12.
Objective To describe proctitis associated with chlamydial infection in a koala.
Design A pathological study
A free living, male koala aged 17 years.
Procedure Rectum was examined histologically and chlamydial organisms visualised using Giminez stain and an immunoperoxidase staining method using an anti- Chlamydia lipopolysaccharide (genus specific) antibody.
Results An aged koala presented for euthanasia was found to have asymptomatic chronic proctitis, cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis and conjunctivitis associated with chlamydial infection. Inflammation was severe in the terminal rectum and extended into the proximal common vestibule. Chlamydial organisms were visualised in the rectal surface epithelium using Giminez stain and an immunoperoxidase staining method. Organisms were also detected in the epithelium of the bladder, prostate and urethra.
Possible modes of transmission for the rectal infection are direct sexual transmission or ascending infection by organisms shed from the urogenital tract into the common vestibule. Previously unreported chlamydial proctitis in the koala may represent a potential reservoir of infection for other koalas. 相似文献
Design A pathological study
Animal
A free living, male koala aged 17 years.
Procedure Rectum was examined histologically and chlamydial organisms visualised using Giminez stain and an immunoperoxidase staining method using an anti- Chlamydia lipopolysaccharide (genus specific) antibody.
Results An aged koala presented for euthanasia was found to have asymptomatic chronic proctitis, cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis and conjunctivitis associated with chlamydial infection. Inflammation was severe in the terminal rectum and extended into the proximal common vestibule. Chlamydial organisms were visualised in the rectal surface epithelium using Giminez stain and an immunoperoxidase staining method. Organisms were also detected in the epithelium of the bladder, prostate and urethra.
Clinical Implications
Possible modes of transmission for the rectal infection are direct sexual transmission or ascending infection by organisms shed from the urogenital tract into the common vestibule. Previously unreported chlamydial proctitis in the koala may represent a potential reservoir of infection for other koalas. 相似文献
13.
DB ADAMS JJ LYNCH† BH ANDERSON LR FELL‡ GN HINCH§ RK MUNRO¶ 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(12):443-445
Three-year-old, non-lactating and non-pregnant Merino ewes, raised on pasture under a program of strategic treatment with anthelmintic and found to be extremely resistant to "trickle" infection with Haemonchus contortus, were given single-dose infections with either H. contortus or Trichostrongylus colubriformis or both species together. The purpose was to ascertain the intensity of protective immunity against the 2 parasites in sheep with immunity acquired from a presumably slight exposure to infection. To provide a criterion, some infected ewes were immunosuppressed with corticosteroid, dexamethasone. Untreated ewes were extremely resistant to challenge infection with either 15,000 or 150,000 H. contortus or 15,000 T. colubriformis. Surprisingly, when mixed infection was given, egg counts for H. contortus were significantly elevated compared with infection by that species alone. Antibody to antigens from infective larval and adult H. contortus was measured in serum by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) during the course of infection. Serum titres against larval antigens were significantly depressed when infections with either H. contortus or T. colubriformis were permitted by immunosuppression with dexamethasone, whereas those against adult antigen were depressed when infection with T. colubriformis was permitted. 相似文献
14.
吉林省黄牛“猝死症”的病因学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
１９９４年以来，对吉林省黄牛“猝死症”的病因进行了多方面的研究，包括细菌学检验、病毒学检验、人工感染试验、毒物检验、牛毛硒元素分析及病尸病理形态学观察。结果表明，Ａ型魏氏梭菌是主要病原菌，其他细菌有协同作用；牛冠状病毒或粘膜病病毒感染、缺硒等为本病的诱因 相似文献
15.
Ole-Mapenay, I.M., Mitema, E.S. and Maitho, T.E., 1997. Aspects of the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline given to healthy and pneumonic East African dwarf goats by intramuscular injection. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (6), 453-462The effect of experimentally induced Pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia on the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline (Doxycen Retard) administered intramuscularly was studied in seven East African dwarf goats. The study was conducted in two consecutive phases, separated by a washout period of four weeks. The experimental infection, induced by intratracheal administration of 5 ml of 107 to 109 cfu/ml of Pasteurella haemolytica, produced a temperature rise, depression and laboured breathing within 6-12 days after inoculation.The concentrations of doxycycline in the serum were determined by a quantitative microbiological assay using an agar-gel diffusion method employing Bacillus cereus var mycoides (ATCC 11778) as the test organism, with a level of detectability of approximately 0.05 µg/ml. The concentration-time curve of doxycycline in the serum after intramuscular injection of 20 mg/kg bodyweight of the long-acting formulation before and after experimental infection was adequately described by a one-compartment open model.The maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) of doxycycline were lower in pneumonic goats than in healthy goats (3.87 ± 0.52 and 5.56 ± 0.213 µg/ml, respectively), suggesting an increased distribution volume in the peripheral compartment. The mean ± SEM absorption rate (ka) before infection (1.13 ± 0.02 h-1) was smaller than that after infection (8.23 ± 3.81 h-1), but the difference was not significant. The apparent elimination half-life (t1/2) (24.51 ± 0.02 h) after infection was significantly increased (p < 0.05), while the corresponding rate constant () was decreased (p < 0.01). The absorption half-life (t1/2) (0.137 ± 0.03 h) was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after infection. The distribution volume (Vd()) was significantly increased after infection (p < 0.05). It is concluded that, although experimental infection had an effect on the disposition kinetics of doxycycline, this was not sufficiently pronounced to require alteration of the dosage during disease. 相似文献
16.
In rats with "stage S/E" yellow fat disease an injection of colloidal carbon resulted in a marked reduction in the number of circulating platelets. The death rate of rats with experimental Listeria monocytogenes infection, the number of bacteria in their spleens and the decrease of bacteria in their spleens on the days after infection were the same in rats with yellow fat disease as in controls. The fact that the rats died during the first few days after infection also may indicate that their immunological resistance to L. monocytogenes was not altered by yellow fat disease. 相似文献
17.
Vaccination of chickens with turkey herpesvirus (HVT) or attenuated Marek's disease herpesvirus (aMDHV) blocked infection with virulent MDHV (VMDHV) for approximately 5 weeks after contact exposure. However, there was no apparent blockage of infection when challenge virus was administered intraabdominally (IA). Evidence for infection with VMDHV was based on viral isolation by in vivo assay or by detecting precipitins to "A" antigen associated with virulent virus. The HVT stimulated production of neutralizing antibody against VMDHV in a high percentage of chickens, whereas the aMDHV was a comparatively poor inducer of such antibody. Despite this difference, both of the vaccinal viruses conferred protection against development of Marek's disease. 相似文献
18.
M. P. Ward 《Veterinary research communications》1994,18(1):63-72
The climatic variables that were most useful in classifying the infection status of Queensland cattle herds with bluetongue virus were assessed using stepwise linear discriminant analysis. A discriminant function that included average annual rainfall and average daily maximum temperature was found to correctly classify 82.6% of uninfected herds and 72.4% of infected herds. Overall, the infection status of 74.1% of herds was correctly classified. The spatial distribution of infected herds was found to parallel that of the suspected vector,Culicoides brevitarsis. This evidence supports the role of this arthropod species as a vector of bluetongue viruses in Queensland.The effect of potential changes in temperature and rainfall (the so-called global warming scenario) on the distribution of bluetongue virus infection of cattle herds in Queensland was then investigated. With an increase in both rainfall and temperature, the area of endemic bluetongue virus infection was predicted to extend a further 150 km inland in southern Queensland. The implications of this for sheep-raising in Queensland are discussed.Abbreviations AGID
agar gel immunodiffusion 相似文献
19.
A. Chadwick S. Harvey C. G. Scanes N. J. Bolton S. E. Hebditgh D. L. Lee 《British poultry science》1980,21(2):89-94
1. Histomonas meleagridis was inoculated into young chickens and turkeys and the effect of the infection (blackhead) on circulating growth hormone (GH) and prolactin concentrations determined.
2. During the course of the infection in turkeys there was a marked increase in plasma GH concentration which correlated with the severity of the disease, as judged by liver and caecal characteristics. The infection was less severe in chickens and no correlation between plasma GH and the degree of infection was observed.
3. The concentration of plasma prolactin was increased in the chicken, but not in the turkey, during the invasive period of infection. 相似文献