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按照安徽省沿江植棉区春季直播棉田杂草发生规律，选用5种除草剂在棉花不同生长时期施用，结合中耕除草，研究这些除草措施对春季直播棉田杂草的防除效果；同时调查了不同除草措施对棉花生长、产量和纤维品质的影响。结果表明，播后芽前喷施土壤处理除草剂可较好地防治棉田主要禾本科杂草和小粒阔叶类杂草。苗期中耕除草的株防效与除草剂组合差异不显著，质量防效则低于除草剂组合；草甘膦+精喹禾灵+三氟啶磺隆组合的防效优于草甘膦+精喹禾灵组合，但两者差异不显著。蕾期喷施草甘膦+精喹禾灵+三氟啶磺隆的除草效果优于三氟啶磺隆+精喹禾灵。不同的除草措施对棉花生长、产量产生显著影响，对纤维品质影响不明显。推荐该地区春季直播棉田最佳除草措施为：播后芽前土壤处理除草剂+苗期中耕除草+蕾期茎叶处理除草剂。 相似文献
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75%三氟啶磺隆钠盐WG对棉田杂草的防除效果 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
研究新型除草剂三氟啶磺隆钠盐防治棉田杂草效果及其对棉苗安全性的影响,结果表明:75%三氟啶磺隆钠盐WG22.5～33.75 g.hm-2,对4～5叶期前的棉花较安全。药后15 d、30 d对莎草和禾本科杂草株防效分别达到58.42%～60.63%和75.5%～78.6%,鲜重防效达84.1%～88.4%;11.25～33.75g.hm-2,对凹头苋等阔叶杂草药后15 d和30 d株防效可达到98.03%～99.24%和99.2%～100%,鲜重防效达99.8%～100%;三氟啶磺隆钠盐与精喹禾灵混用可显著提高对莎草的防效。 相似文献
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影响黄河流域棉区北部棉花机械采收的恶性杂草主要有藜、反枝苋、铁苋菜、龙葵、苘麻、田旋花、打碗花和裂叶牵牛等。于2013、2014、2016年研究了这些杂草的化学防除方法。苗蕾期用嘧硫草醚和三氟啶磺隆对藜、反枝苋、龙葵、苘麻、田旋花、打碗花的防效较好,药后30～40 d的株防效超过95%;对铁苋菜和鹅绒藤的防效较差,同期株防效不足85%;对裂叶牵牛的防效居中,同期株防效为84%～94%。花铃期用嘧硫草醚和三氟啶磺隆对上述恶性杂草的防效下降;而乙氧氟草醚的杀草活性较强,药后25～40 d株防效可达100%（裂叶牵牛除外）。草甘膦在苗蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期对各种恶性杂草的株防效均在95%～100%（花铃期的裂叶牵牛除外）。上述处理对棉花均未产生明显药害,对产量也无显著影响。针对黄河流域棉区机采棉田,苗蕾期应用嘧硫草醚或/和三氟啶磺隆,花铃期应用乙氧氟草醚或草甘膦,吐絮期应用草甘膦,可较好地防除恶性杂草。 相似文献
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本文比较了异丙隆、炔草酯、甲基二磺隆等不同药剂对小麦田看麦娘属(Alopeeurus)杂草的防除效果。结果表明:3%甲基二磺隆OD 20 mL/667 m~2、5%唑啉草酯EC 80 mL/667 m~2、8%炔草酯EW 60 mL/667 m2和7.5%啶磺草胺WG 15 g/667 m~2均可高效防除冬小麦田看麦娘属杂草;冬前施药50%异丙隆WP 250 g/667 m~2防效明显好于春后施药。建议防除冬小麦田看麦娘属杂草尽量选择冬前施药,药剂可选择50%异丙隆WP单用或与其他不同类型的除草剂混用,用量推荐50%异丙隆WP 150~200 g/667 m~2。 相似文献
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试验研究结果表明:60%新马歇特EC是当前防除盐城市旱直播稻田中禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草较为理想的除草剂,用60%新马歇特EC 1 800 ml/hm2+10%苄嘧磺隆WP 450 g/hm2施药后30 d,它对旱直播稻田中禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草防效分别为95.71%、98.03%;用60%新马歇特EC 1 800 ml/hm2+10%吡嘧磺隆WP 300 g/hm2施药后30 d,它对旱直播稻田中禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草防效分别为98.30%、98.69%。 相似文献
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为开发机直播水稻田高效安全的封闭除草剂,采用大田试验,比较了不同时期应用含有乙氧磺隆成分的除草剂对阔叶草和莎草科杂草的防除效果。结果发现,播种时同步喷施五氟·乙氧或混配乙氧磺隆与其他除草剂能够有效抑制机直播稻田阔叶草和莎草科杂草的萌发和生长,且对水稻出苗安全。机直播后10 d或15 d施用对阔叶草防效下降,但播种15 d后撒施0.65%五氟·乙氧控释颗粒剂97.5 g/hm2对杂草防效较好,密度防效达到90%以上。表明采用五氟·乙氧或混配乙氧磺隆与其他除草剂防除机直播稻田阔叶草,越早施药效果越好。但如果因气候条件或其他因素影响错过施药窗口期时,撒施0.65%五氟·乙氧控释颗粒剂97.5 g/hm2或喷施30%氰氟草酯112.5 g/hm2+30%五氟·乙氧90 g/hm2也可以防控绝大部分直播田杂草。 相似文献
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为明确苯嘧磺草胺与氟啶草酮混配的除草作用及对棉花的安全性,从而为新疆棉田杂草防除提供新的解决方案,以生产上常用的42%(质量分数,下同)氟啶草酮悬浮剂288.00 g·hm-2(有效成分用量,下同)+33%二甲戊灵乳油950.00 g·hm-2为药剂对照,通过田间药效试验方法,测定70%苯嘧磺草胺水分散粒剂单用及其与42%氟啶草酮悬浮剂和33%二甲戊灵乳油混配对棉田杂草的防治效果,并评价其对棉花的安全性。结果显示：苯嘧磺草胺15.75～42.00 g·hm-2+氟啶草酮216.00 g·hm-2+二甲戊灵950.00 g·hm-2处理对新疆棉田常见阔叶杂草的防除效果优异,明显优于二甲戊灵单剂950.00 g·hm-2处理。在添加一定量苯嘧磺草胺的情况下适当减量使用氟啶草酮的除草效果与常用剂量氟啶草酮相当,且用于新疆棉田土壤处理对棉花安全。 相似文献
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12种除草剂对冬小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了筛选出对麦田阔叶杂草防效较高的药剂,选择12种目前生产中常用的除草剂进行大田试验。结果表明,施药后15d,对播娘蒿、荠菜、猪殃殃三种杂草总体株数防效最好的是对杂草致死速度快的唑草酮,40%唑草酮水分散粒剂30g(a.i.)·hm-2(指每公顷有效成分用量为30g,其余类推)处理的株数防效达91.78%;施药后30d对三种杂草总体株数防效最好的是55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂412.5g(a.i.)·hm-2处理,株数防效为96.53%,鲜重防效为98.79%;总体株数防效和鲜重防效仅次于55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂处理的分别是58g·L-1双氟·唑嘧胺悬浮剂11.8g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(株数防效为93.59%)、37%炔·苄·唑草酮可湿性粉剂222g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(鲜重防效为98.76%);总体鲜重防效最低的是30%二氯吡啶酸水剂202.5g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(鲜重防效仅为35.29%)。三种杂草对同种药剂的敏感性存在差异。12种除草剂对小麦的安全性有一定差异,唑草酮及其混剂处理后小麦产生的触杀型药害斑及啶磺草胺处理的小麦叶片黄化均可恢复,对小麦的产量无不良影响,其他处理均对小麦安全。 相似文献
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All weed control programs resulted in satisfactory weed control. Costs of controlling weeds ranged from $10 to $93/ha. Cultivation alone was the cheapest method of controlling weeds. Controlling weeds by using herbicides alone with no cultivation resulted in the highest weed control costs but tended to give the best weed control at harvest. Herbicides saved one to two cultivations. EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) gave slightly better control of green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.] and slightly poorer control of broadleaf weeds than trifluralin (α,α,α,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N, N-dipropyl-p-toluidine). Cultivation helped control weeds but had no other apparent beneficial or adverse effect on potatoes. The correlation coefficient between total tuber yield and dry weight of weeds was ?0.97 at Grand Forks, North Dakota and ?0.85 at Casselton, North Dakota. 相似文献
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苄·二氯（苄嘧磺隆+二氯喹啉酸）复配依据及其在直播稻田的应用前景 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
就除草剂苄·二氯（苄嘧磺隆+二氯喹啉酸）对稗草的生物活性、共毒系数、配方依据，对水稻的安全性以及在直播稻田的应用效果进行了试验。结果表明，苄嘧磺隆和二氯喹啉酸复配，比单剂有显著的增效，尤以二氯喹啉酸和苄嘧磺隆在复配剂中的含量分别为34％和2％时增效最为显著。苄·二氯的6个配方对水稻株高、分蘖数和植株鲜质量无不良影响，安全性良好。苄嘧磺隆+二氯喹啉酸（18+150） g/hm2至(24+198) g/hm2对稗草、异型莎草、陌上菜和四叶萍的密度防效和植株鲜质量防效均达到优良水平。36%苄·二氯可湿性粉剂（WP）用于水稻直播田，在水稻2叶1心至3叶期处理，使用剂量162~270 g/hm2(有效成分）对水稻生长无不良影响，安全性好。使用剂量216~432 g/hm2对稗草、水蓼、陌上菜、鸭舌草和丁香蓼的密度防效和植株鲜质量防效均达到了优良水平。与单剂苄嘧磺隆和单剂二氯喹啉酸相比，36%苄·二氯WP的杀草谱提高，杂草整体防效得到改善。 相似文献
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农威豆田防除杂草的安全性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
５％农威ＥＣ是一种低毒、高效、广谱，具有选择性内吸传导型，苗后茎叶处理的豆田除草剂。防除禾本科杂草防效达９５％以上，对阔叶杂草及莎草科杂草防效一般大于８５％，一次性施药，麦茬免耕种植夏大豆，省工省时。按每公顷剂量６７５ｍｌ于傍晚施药，其轻微药害７天后即可恢复，不伤害大豆植株，并增产５－１０％，不污染环境，药效期４０天左右，不影响下茬作物，安全性高，使用方便，在当前农业生产上属少有新品种。 相似文献
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湿润直播稻田杂草出苗动态与发生规律 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
1996～1997年在浙江嘉兴调查了湿润直播稻田杂草出苗动态和发生规律,并比较了直播与移栽,早稻、单季晚稻与连作晚稻直播,翻耕与免耕直播间杂草发生差异。湿润直播稻田杂草以稗草、千金子、异型莎草、节节菜、陌上菜为主,其次有通泉草、丁香蓼、水芹。禾本科、莎草科和阔叶杂草种类数分别占25.0%、18.8%和56.2%,出苗数量分别占11.2%、11.6%和77.2%。单季晚稻直播田稗草、千金子发生重于其他直播田,直播田稗草和千金子数量明显高于移栽田。直播田杂草于播种后3～4 d陆续出苗,1～3周达到高峰。连作晚稻直播田播后6～8周出现明显的第二个出苗高峰。以阔叶杂草为绝对优势的翻耕直播田杂草发生重于免耕田。直播田杂草数量自然消长呈现与出苗动态相同的趋势。直播田杂草发生以稗草、千金子、丁香蓼较早,节节菜、陌上菜、通泉草次之,异型莎草和水芹较迟。稗草、千金子及其他几种主要杂草出苗高峰均呈单峰状态,而节节菜、陌上菜在连作晚稻直播田的出苗则为双峰。 相似文献
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Limited information is available on control of broadleaf weeds in barley and response of barley cultivars to herbicides. Field experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2009 to evaluate post-emergence herbicides for control of broadleaf weeds in four barley cultivars. Herbicide treatments included 2,4-D sodium salt at 500 g ai ha−1, carfentrazone-ethyl at three rates (15, 20 and 25 g ai ha−1), and metsulfuron-methyl at 4 and 5 g ai ha−1. The results suggested that density of broadleaf weeds was not affected by barley cultivars in 2007 and 2008, but it was influenced in 2009. Application of carfentrazone-ethyl or metsulfuron-methyl at all the rates was effective to reduce density and biomass of broadleaf weeds in all the years. A variable response was observed for yield attributes among barley cultivars. Barley grain yield was similar in all barley cultivars in 2007; however, higher yield was recorded in ‘DWRUB 52’ in 2008 and 2009 compared to other cultivars. All herbicide treatments were usually effective to secure higher barley yields in all the years and there was a significant interaction between barley cultivars and weed management treatments. Hand hoeing was not as effective as herbicide treatments to reduce density and biomass of broadleaf weeds; however, barley yield was usually comparable with herbicide treatments. Results also revealed that there was no significant herbicide injury on any barley cultivar during three year experiments. It is concluded that carfentrazone-ethyl and metsulfuron-methyl are additional tools for broadleaf weed control in barley. However, more research is required to evaluate efficacy of these herbicides as a tank mix partner that may increase weed control spectrum in barley. 相似文献
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5种除草剂试验结果表明,49%蔗安、30%蔗龙乐、80%蔗农乐、保蔗等药后14d,防效均达97%以上,且对甘蔗安全。因此,它们均可用作甘蔗苗后杂草处理剂,使用剂量以商品标准剂量即可。 相似文献
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The fungal pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii isolate SC64 is being assessed as the basis for a mycoherbicide for biological control of broadleaf weeds in dry-seeded rice fields. Species tested for susceptibility in the field included Cyperus difformis, Lindernia procumbens, Rotala rotundifolia, Ammannia baccifera and Eclipta prostrata. Following preliminary small plot field applications in summer 2008 and 2010, applications of fungus-infested solid substrates (mixture of rice hulls and bran) of 60-140 g m−2 were conducted at two sites, Nantong and Rugao, in Jiangsu province, China in summer 2010. The sites included a one-year fallow field and a wheat-rice rotation field. Plant mortality was recorded 7 and 14 days after inoculation (DAI). Percentage mortality ranged from 50 to 89% and 30-71% in the 2008 and 2010 solarium small plot trials, respectively. At the Nantong site field trial, 30-60% plant mortality and 31-59% fresh weight reduction were recorded at 14 DAI when applied for the first time but the efficacy increased to 39-86% and 42-90% for plant mortality and fresh weight reduction at 14 DAI with a repeated application. Higher levels of plant mortality (42-77%) and fresh weight reduction (52-82%) were achieved at 14 DAI at the Rugao site with a single treatment, due to the lower weed density and more favourable temperature and humidity conditions at the time of pathogen application. Results confirmed that S. rolfsii SC64 is a potential biocontrol agent of some of the broadleaf weeds tested in dry-seeded rice. 相似文献
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Efficacy of postemergence herbicides tankmixes in aryloxyphenoxypropionate-resistant grain sorghum 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Joy M. Abit Kassim Al-Khatib Brian L. Olson Phillip W. Stahlman Patrick W. Geier Curtis R. Thompson Randall S. Currie Alan J. Schlegel Johnathon D. Holman Kurt A. Hudson Douglas E. Shoup Michael J. Moechnig W. James Grichar Brent W. Bean 《Crop Protection》2011,30(12):1623-1628
The development of aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP)-resistant grain sorghum could provide additional opportunities for postemergence herbicide grass control in grain sorghum. Field experiments were conducted in Texas (Bushland, and Yoakum), Kansas (Dodge City, Garden City, Hays, Manhattan, Colby, Ottawa, and Tribune), and South Dakota (Highmore) to evaluate the efficacy of quizalofop tank mixes in APP-resistant grain sorghum. Quizalofop was applied alone or in combination with dicamba, 2,4-D, prosulfuron, 2,4-D + metsulfuron methyl, or halosulfuron methyl + dicamba. Herbicides were applied when sorghum was 12–50 cm in height. Overall weed control was greater when quizalofop was applied with other herbicides than when applied alone. At 2 and 4 weeks after treatment (WAT), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.), and green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.] control were greater than 90% when quizalofop was applied alone or in combination with dicamba, halosulfuron methyl + dicamba, or prosulfuron. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.), puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris L.), and tumble pigweed (Amaranthus albus L.) control were greater than 90% in all treatments except when quizalofop was applied alone. Herbicide treatments, except those that included 2,4-D, caused slight to no sorghum injury. Grain sorghum yield was greater for all herbicide treatments compared to the weedy check. This research showed that application of quizalofop in combination with broadleaf weed herbicides provided excellent weed control in sorghum. 相似文献
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不同水稻品种抑制杂草的差异性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选择江苏主栽水稻品种5个,以及具有化感特性的PI312777和华抗草78为试验材料,通过田间小区试验对比各水稻品种与稗草、莎草科杂草和阔叶杂草的生态竞争关系。结果表明,扬稻6号和PI312777对杂草发生株数的抑制率达70%~80%,扬稻6号、徐稻4号和PI312777对杂草干质量抑制率超过80%,具有良好的抑制杂草萌发、生长和干物质积累的作用。 同时,供试水稻品种对稗草地下部的抑制效果显著优于对稗草地上部的抑制效果,对稗草整株干质量的抑制率与对稗草地上部干质量抑制率呈相同趋势。 相似文献