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1.
试验研究复合微生物菌剂在污泥高温好氧堆肥中的应用结果表明,污泥高温好氧堆肥中接种复合微生物菌剂对缩短达到高温期的时间以及增加堆体中细菌、真菌、放线菌数量效果不显著,但接种复合微生物菌剂处理高温持续时间相对较长,且提前3d达到腐熟。 相似文献
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生活垃圾微生物强化堆肥对放线菌群落的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了探讨微生物强化堆肥对生活垃圾好氧堆肥过程及堆肥过程中放线菌群落的影响,在堆肥过程中接种高效细菌复合菌剂和真菌复合菌剂,并以不接种的堆体为对照,对堆肥过程的温度变化和木质纤维素的降解效率进行了测定,并借助于PCR-DGGE方法对堆肥过程中放线菌群落的动态变化和种群多样性进行研究。结果表明：微生物强化堆肥能缩短堆体起爆时间,并能有效提高堆体降温期和二次发酵期的温度;和自然堆肥相比微生物强化堆肥使半纤维素、纤维素和木质素的降解率分别提高8.95%、12.72%和10.13%。DGGE图谱显示：2种堆肥方式的放线菌多样性指数表现出极显著差异,微生物强化堆肥能增加堆体中优势菌群的种类和数量,能有效提高腐熟期的放线菌群落多样性,有利于堆肥腐熟。优势条带测序结果表明：在接种堆肥过程中检测到了放线菌门的棒杆菌属、分支杆菌属、链霉菌属、热孢菌属、迪茨菌属、糖丝菌属和放线菌属。 相似文献
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通过向堆肥中添加微生物菌剂和腐熟堆肥研究了其对堆肥腐熟速度的影响。结果表明,添加菌剂和腐熟堆肥在堆制初期均能促进堆体快速升温,较对照提前1～4d到达高温阶段（>50℃）,且菌剂添加量越大,升温越快;与对照相比,添加600mg·kg-1菌剂和50g·kg-1腐熟堆肥使高温期（>50℃）延长了3～4d。堆制29d后,添加600 mg·kg-1菌剂和50 g·kg-1腐熟堆肥的处理均较好腐熟,种子发芽指数分别为92.1%和84.4%,其他处理则未达到腐熟。这表明向堆肥中接入一定量的菌剂和腐熟堆肥均可加快堆肥腐熟,缩短堆肥周期。 相似文献
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不同微生物菌剂对鸡粪高温堆腐的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以鸡粪和玉米秸秆为原料,采用好氧堆肥的方式,研究添加三种不同微生物菌剂对鸡粪高温腐熟效果的影响,探索有益微生物菌剂在畜禽废弃物高温堆肥中的作用。分析了堆肥不同时期各处理的堆温、pH值、种子发芽指数、水溶性铵态氮、水溶性有机氮、全氮、有机碳的变化。结果表明,在添加玉米秸秆调节物料碳氮比(25/1)的情况下,添加本研究中所采用的微生物菌剂可以迅速降低物料对种子发芽指数的影响,使发芽指数在21 d内达到80%以上,较对照提高45.52%;对水溶性铵态氮的转化和水溶性有机氮的形成都有明显的促进作用,腐熟堆肥的氮素保持提高25.46%;明显提高堆肥初期发酵温度,使堆体在第2 d达到高温阶段,并持续7 d以上,最高温度比对照高4.8℃,满足堆肥无害化卫生要求,大大缩短堆腐周期。综合多项指标分析,接种菌剂M2对促进有机碳的分解、有机氮的形成和提高腐熟效率更为有利。 相似文献
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添加微生物菌剂对牛粪高温堆肥腐熟的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过向堆肥中添加微生物菌剂和腐熟堆肥研究了其对堆肥腐熟速度的影响。结果表明,添加菌剂和腐熟堆肥在堆制初期均能促进堆体快速升温,较对照提前1～4d到达高温阶段(＞50℃),且菌剂添加量越大,升温越快;与对照相比,添加600mg·kg~(-1)菌剂和50g·kg~(-1)腐熟堆肥使高温期(＞50℃)延长了3～4d。堆制29d后,添加600 mg·kg~(-1)菌剂和50 g·kg~(-1)腐熟堆肥的处理均较好腐熟,种子发芽指数分别为92．1％和84．4％,其他处理则未达到腐熟。这表明向堆肥中接人一定量的菌剂和腐熟堆肥均可加快堆肥腐熟,缩短堆肥周期。 相似文献
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通过查阅国内外有关堆肥常用微生物及其效果的文献资料,初步总结了不同原料堆肥常用的微生物菌剂以及作用效果,发现目前秸秆堆肥中常用的添加菌剂有纤维素分解菌、白腐菌以及链霉菌等;粪便堆肥中主要添加芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌、霉菌等;动物尸体堆肥中主要添加芽孢杆菌;城市生活垃圾以及其他原料的堆肥中由于原料种类复杂,所用的菌剂也比较复杂,如纤维素分解菌、芽孢杆菌、霉菌、固氮菌等;也有大量的研究采用商业复合菌剂运用于堆肥中,如群林发酵剂(主要由功能菌、丝状真菌、营养体复合而成)、RW酵素剂(主要由真菌、细菌、丝状菌、酵母菌等多种菌株及相关酶复配而成)、VT菌剂系列(富含纤维素分解菌、固氮菌等)等。添加微生物菌剂对提升堆肥质量的效果明显:能有效促进有机物的降解进而促进堆体升温,延长堆肥高温时间,减少堆肥所用时间,促进腐殖质形成;能减少堆肥植物毒性,提高堆肥种子发芽率;能改善堆体的微生物结构及多样性;施肥后,对土壤质量改良效果明显等。 相似文献
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生物质炭对番茄秸秆和鸡粪好氧堆肥氮磷钾元素变化的影响及其机理 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
蔬菜秸秆和畜禽粪便的无序排放,既污染环境又损失矿质营养,可经过好氧高温堆肥去除病害,转化为理想有机肥料,实现农业废物的资源化利用。生物质炭因其多孔、稳定性以及在环境元素固化稳定化和调节生物活性方面应用广泛,可快速提高堆肥温度,增加生物活性,减少氮素营养损失。以番茄秸秆和鸡粪为原料,添加秸秆炭、泥炭和沸石作为堆肥调理剂,对比生物质炭与其它调理剂添加对番茄秸秆和鸡粪共堆肥系统中腐熟程度以及氮磷钾元素变化的影响和堆肥前后调理剂表面结构和基团的变化,探讨不同调理剂对营养元素变化的影响和机理。结果表明:秸秆炭处理升温最快,7d即达到最高温56℃,最高温比其他处理高10℃以上。堆肥结束时,添加秸秆炭、泥炭和沸石以及对照组的处理全氮增加量分别为91.67%,90.91%,54.78%和44.92%;全磷增加量分别为52.36%,29.02%,31.49%和-12.51%,秸秆炭处理对堆体中氮磷元素的影响较其他调理剂高。可见,添加秸秆炭较其他调理剂更能促进堆体有机物的快速降解和腐熟。傅里叶远红外光谱和电镜分析表明,秸秆炭孔隙度高,比表面积大,更有利于堆肥中促腐微生物附着生存,而且堆肥后秸秆炭表面原-OH官能团含量增加,促进了堆肥中氨的固定。因此,生物质炭较其他堆肥调理剂更易促进蔬菜堆肥的腐熟和减少氮磷营养的损失,从而达到堆体快速无害化、减少营养元素损失和促进农业秸秆、畜禽粪便资源化利用的综合目标。 相似文献
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微生物菌剂对猪粪堆肥过程中堆肥理化性质和优势细菌群落的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Suyundukov Ya. T. Suyundukova M. B. Bezuglova O. S. Khabirov I. K. Khasanova R. F. Semenova I. N. Rafikova Yu. S. Ilbulova G. R. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(1):27-35
Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific... 相似文献
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Kholodov V. A. Farkhodov Y. R. Yaroslavtseva N. V. Ziganshina A. R. Maksimovich S. V. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(7):998-1004
Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,... 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):1631-1646
Abstract Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados. 相似文献
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Ye. V. Rogozhina N. V. Kostina L. S. Malyukova 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2011,66(1):32-35
An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and
pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the
course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation
was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the
acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils
of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn
periods. 相似文献
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物联网是一个集信息通信、数据交换、传感器技术与软件工程于一体的综合性产业,探讨和分析了物联网的结构体系与发展中遇到的安全问题。 相似文献
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荔枝种子从果实中剥离出来后, 即使在室内条件下, 也极易失水干缩, 潮湿环境中又易发霉而腐烂。扫描电镜观察表明: 种皮上布满纹孔, 水分散失面积很大; 种脐部为疏松的海绵组织, 且营养丰富。据此, 生产上应对种子彻底清洗, 并保存于适当湿度的环境中, 以提高其发芽率。 相似文献
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The rate of popping of popcorn was measured in oil and in air. Kinetic data for lifetimes of individual kernels from a large population were obtained in oil at six constant temperatures (180–250°C) and also in an air‐popper at 202°C. The data are characterized by an induction period, which is, significantly, followed by a first‐order decrease in the number of unpopped kernels versus time. The activation energy for the first order process is 166.7 kJ/mol between 180 and 210°C, and 53.8 kJ/mol between 210 and 250°C. These data are consistent with a model that assumes 1) that the rate of heat transfer into a kernel follows Newton's law of cooling; 2) that in a sample of kernels there exists a distribution of critical pressures; 3) that for an individual kernel, the probability of popping is directly proportional to the difference between the internal aqueous vapor pressure and the kernel's critical pressure; and 4) that the measured rate constant at any temperature is an average overall of the kernels in the sample with critical pressures equal to or less than the internal aqueous vapor pressure. Minimum popping temperatures predicted by the model are 181 ± 2°C (oil) and 187 ± 2°C (air), in good agreement with previously reported direct measurements. 相似文献
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三门峡水库库岸坍塌成因分析与防治措施研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
三门峡水库自1960年9月蓄水运行以来,库岸坍塌现象频繁发生,平均每年塌岸0.5～0.7亿m3.指出了造成库岸坍塌的原因主要是地质环境的影响以及水力条件的变化;不同的地形、地貌、地质结构和岩性特征,表现了不同的塌岸强度,其中黄土塬区为极强塌岸段,黄河Ⅱ级阶地为强烈塌岸段,黄河Ⅰ级阶地为中等强烈塌岸段;分析了引起库岸坍塌的主要水力条件有大气降水、地表水和地下水,并且不同水力条件及其变化特征,对库岸坍塌影响的方式和程度也不同;最后给出了防治库岸坍塌应采用标本兼治的原则,治标是指对塌岸进行必要的加固、支挡、衬砌等;治本就是根据引起塌岸的原因以及不同地质环境条件下的塌岸特征和水力条件,因地制宜,因害设防,从根本上进行综合治理. 相似文献