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1.
矿物土壤改良剂对酸性红壤改良的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用物理方法对白云石、牡蛎壳等进行机械活化处理,提高其化学活性。通过盆栽试验,研究磷矿粉、白云石、牡蛎壳和有机肥及活化处理对酸性土壤的调节作用和对玉米生长效果的影响。结果表明,与不施土壤调理剂处理相比,施用土壤调理剂均能提高土壤pH,降低酸性土壤交换性铝含量,增加土壤交换性钙和交换性镁含量。其中磷矿粉与2倍白云石粉配施效果最好,各指标较空白处理分别提高19.56%,降低25.94%,增加151.22%,87.65%。施用土壤调理剂处理对玉米植株的生长也有明显效果,均能提高玉米苗期的株高,增加玉米鲜重、地上部干重和根冠比。有机肥处理、活化白云石处理以及超细牡蛎壳粉效果较佳,其中有机肥处理效果最为显著,分别在株高、鲜重和根冠比较空白增加99.16%,252.16%,49.06%。 相似文献
2.
通过盆栽试验,研究了镉(Cd)污染土壤中添加不同水平(0.25%、1%)牡蛎壳(OS)、钾长石(PF)、白云石(DM)和有机源(OM)4种土壤调理剂对小油菜吸收、转运镉的影响,同时对土壤中镉的形态进行测定,以期为轻度镉污染土壤的修复提供参考依据。结果表明,与对照相比,牡蛎壳、钾长石、白云石施用量为1%时土壤pH值分别从4.1提高到了7.5、7.1、7.1,CEC分别提高了55.9%、26.3%、15.0%;同时使土壤中交换态镉(Exch-Cd)的含量分别降低了81.1%、65.1%、63.6%,EDTA-Cd的含量分别提高了121.6%、132.0%、106.3%。另外,这3种调理剂还显著提高了小油菜的耐受指数,使小油菜镉含量分别降低了83.9%、78.9%、82.3%,生物量分别增加了9.9、6.9、8.0倍。综上,OS、DM、PF都能降低镉的有效性,降低小油菜镉吸收,其中OS效果最好。 相似文献
3.
矿物质调理剂中铝的稳定性及其对酸性土壤的改良作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过室内土壤培养试验和模拟酸雨浸泡试验,研究了3种含铝量不同的矿物质调理剂中铝的稳定性及其对酸性土壤的改良效果。该类调理剂是利用钾长石、白云石和石灰石等合理配伍后经高温焙烧而制得,呈弱碱性,富含有效钙、镁、钾、硅等营养元素。试验结果表明,施入0.5~2 g/kg调理剂培养60 d后,土壤pH由4.98升高到5.04~5.42,交换性铝含量下降37.40%~68.90%,吸附态羟基铝含量稍有增加,但毒害性铝和活性铝总量分别降低了5.37%~9.50%和4.33%~12.08%,提高土壤中交换性钙、镁、钾和有效硅的含量。同时模拟酸雨浸泡试验中铝溶出量明显降低。该类矿物质调理剂能中和土壤酸度、缓解铝毒和增加土壤养分;调理剂中铝稳定性较高,不会对土壤铝毒产生叠加效应,可安全应用于农业生产。 相似文献
4.
5种土壤调理剂对大蒜田土壤理化性质和大蒜产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验研究了两个不同用量的5种土壤调理剂(麦饭石、牡蛎壳、蒙脱石、硅钙矿和有机肥)对土壤理化性质和大蒜产量的影响。结果表明,5种调理剂均能降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度:施用前期麦饭石处理的土壤容重显著降低,后期则蒙脱石处理土壤容重降低明显。在大蒜生长前期,施用高量牡蛎壳、蒙脱石和有机肥均显著提高了土壤碱解氮含量;蒙脱石显著降低了土壤速效磷含量,高量有机肥则明显增加了土壤速效磷含量;麦饭石、蒙脱石、硅钙矿和有机肥均能显著提高土壤速效钾含量,牡蛎壳对土壤速效钾含量影响不大。蒙脱石、硅钙矿和有机肥在大蒜生长前期均显著提高了土壤有机质含量,后期则只有高量有机肥比对照有显著增加。麦饭石、蒙脱石和有机肥3种土壤调理剂对土壤pH值有降低作用,而牡蛎壳和硅钙矿两种土壤调理剂对土壤pH值有增加作用。土壤调理剂对大蒜叶枯病有一定减轻作用。5种调理剂与对照相比均有一定增产功效,但只有蒙脱石和高量有机肥增产效果显著。 相似文献
5.
施用白云石对酸性黄红壤作物产量及化学性质的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
白云石改良酸性黄红壤三年定位试验结果表明:酸性黄红壤施用白云石可以降低土壤交换性铝的含量,提高土壤pH值和交换性钙、镁的含量,显著提高作物产量,且有明显的后效。第1—6季作物分别增产10.8%~13.4%、21.5%~48.6%、9.4%~16.2%、10.9%~44.6%、7.9%~22.0%和6.6%~29.8%。白云石施用量为600kg hm-2时,降酸作用可维持3季作物以上;白云石施用量为2500 kg hm-2时,降酸作用可维持6季作物以上。 相似文献
6.
采用土壤培养及盆栽试验研究5种调理剂(生石灰、油菜秸秆、有机肥、钾硅肥、土壤改良剂,用量均为1.8 g/kg)对酸性土壤(pH值3.9)酸度指标和大麦幼苗生长的影响。土壤培养试验结果表明,施用生石灰、有机肥和钾硅肥均能明显提高土壤pH值,降低土壤交换性酸总量、交换性H+和交换性铝含量。其中以生石灰降酸效果最好,到培养第90 d,相比于对照处理提高了0.66个单位,土壤交换性铝含量减少了2.01 cmol/kg;其次是有机肥和钾硅肥处理,pH值较对照处理分别提高了0.14和0.15,土壤交换性铝含量分别降低了0.23和0.19cmol/kg;油菜秸秆和土壤改良剂处理从酸度指标来看,与对照并没有显著差异。大麦幼苗盆栽试验结果表明,与对照相比,生石灰、油菜秸秆、有机肥、钾硅肥和土壤改良剂处理的大麦幼苗地上部生物量分别增加71.5%、24.1%、27.6%、28.2%、24.7%,大麦株高、根长、根系总表面积和根系活力均显著高于对照处理,根系平均直径减少,有利于养分和水分的吸收。综合结果表明,不同类型的调理剂对酸性土壤的降酸效果不尽相同,其中以生石灰效果最好,秸秆处理尽管没有有效降低土壤酸度但仍可明显促进作物生长,因此也可用作酸性土壤的改良物质,在实际生产中应因地制宜应用各种调节物质来促进作物生长。 相似文献
7.
镉污染稻田土壤调理剂效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《农业研究与应用》2021,34(1)
为了验证土壤调理剂对降低稻米镉含量和提高水稻产量的作用,于2018年7月-11月进行了该产品在水稻上的田间试验。结果表明:与不施土壤调理剂的对照相比,施用土壤调理剂能改善水稻多项经济性状,水稻株高、有效穗、穗长、穗总粒数、穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重均有所增加。根据水稻产量构成性状计算的理论产量看,稻谷增产率在11.1%-15.4%,增产效果显著,对降低土壤有效镉有一定的效果;同时还能有效降低稻谷中镉含量,土壤调理剂施用量为50 kg/667 m2,降幅为42.4%,土壤调理剂施用量为100 kg/667 m2时,降幅为56.8%,降幅效果十分明显,稻谷中有效镉含量随施用量增加而显著下降。这说明土壤调理剂可有效改善水稻经济性状,提高稻谷产量,降低土壤镉含量和可移动性以及稻谷中镉含量,进而提高经济效益。 相似文献
8.
通过对土壤调理剂主要原料的分类分析,研究我国主要土壤调理剂产品中Hg、As、Cd、Pb、Cr 5种重金属元素含量及不合格率等现状,就相关原料农业资源化利用进行探讨,为我国土壤调理剂行业管理提供技术支撑。分析样品主要来自农业部肥料登记检验样品,部分样品来自企业质量跟踪或质量复核样品,以及调研采集样品;采用农业推荐性标准NY/T 1978-2010《肥料汞、砷、镉、铅、铬含量的测定》进行重金属元素含量检测,根据农业部肥料和土壤调理剂登记标准进行结果判定。在4种类型的土壤调理剂中,有机源土壤调理剂、化学源土壤调理剂和农林保水剂3类产品在本试验所有样本中均未出现不合格情况。矿物源土壤调理剂中存在As、Pb、Cr3种重金属元素超过限量规定的情况,尤其Pb元素导致的不合格率达20.9%,Pb含量检测平均值为42.5 mg/kg,已经接近限量标准(50 mg/kg),Pb含量最高检测值达到204 mg/kg,是导致矿物源土壤调理剂不合格的主要原因。通过土壤调理剂主要原料的分类分析,发现导致Pb元素超标所用原料主要包括钾长石、牡蛎壳、钢渣、钼尾矿、磷矿石+碱渣等5种。因此,我国土壤调理剂产品中重金属元素情况总体处于相对安全的水平范围内,有机源土壤调理剂、化学源土壤调理剂和农林保水剂质量情况较好,而矿物源土壤调理剂中As、Pb、Cr元素存在一定质量问题,尤其是Pb元素质量问题突出。关于钾长石、牡蛎壳作为土壤调理剂原料农用,笔者认为应注意严格控制重金属元素含量,避免因原料引起产品重金属元素超标,而钢渣则建议慎重作为土壤调理剂原料使用。 相似文献
9.
为明确外源硒肥对生姜（Zingiber Officinale Roscoe）硒积累及营养品质的影响，本研究采用大田试验，研究了2种含硒调理剂（硅酸钾型和麦饭石型）及其用量对生姜硒含量、生长发育、抗氧化系统参数、营养品质和产量及土壤pH值和硒形态转化的影响。结果表明，两种含硒调理剂均显著提高生姜硒含量，生姜富硒效果随含硒调理剂施用量的增加而提高，硅酸钾型的效果优于麦饭石型，其中T3（硅酸钾型3.6 kg·hm-2）效果最好，分别使生姜地上部和姜块硒含量较对照提高254.87%和366.03%。两种含硒调理剂使姜块产量、N、P、K含量分别较对照增加22.25%～66.59%、7.71%～29.08%、15.83%～43.32%和18.29%～41.92%，姜块可溶性糖含量提高0.33～1.86个百分点，可溶性蛋白、姜黄素含量分别提高56.56%～115.47%和15.86%～68.07%；姜叶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性分别提高38.07%～78.82%、26.80%～40.38%，而丙二醛（MDA）含量降低10.76%～50.51%。此外，含硒调理剂使土壤pH值较对... 相似文献
10.
四种土壤调理剂对镉、铅的吸附效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用等温吸附试验研究了主要原料为麦饭石(M)、蒙脱石(T)、牡蛎壳(O)和硅钙矿(S)4种土壤调理剂对溶液中镉和铅的吸附效果。结果表明,4种土壤调理剂对镉和铅的吸附均可用Langmuir方程进行描述;相比而言,4种土壤调理剂对镉吸附量的大小顺序为O调理剂>S调理剂>M调理剂>T调理剂,对铅吸附量的大小顺序为M调理剂>S调理剂>O调理剂>T调理剂;随溶液pH值的增大各调理剂的吸附量逐渐减小,尤其当Cd溶液pH值>8,Pb溶液pH值>6,各调理剂的吸附量迅速降低。 相似文献
11.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):367-375
Abstract Soil samples were obtained at 0–3, 3–6, 6–9 and 0–9 inch depths from experimental plots receiving five tillage treatments. Each of two samplers composited approximately six one‐inch cores from each plot. Soil samples were analyzed for acidity, P and K using routine analysis procedures in the University of Illinois Soil Testing Laboratory. Few significant differences were attributed to sampler and it was concluded that samplers using similar sampling techniques were obtaining soil samples from the same population. No significant differences in soil acidity at different depths were observed. The different tillage methods did significantly affect soil P at the 0–3 inch depth, but had no significant effect on soil P at deeper depths. Different tillage methods also significantly affected soil K values at different depths. 相似文献
12.
E. A. Mikhailova C. J. Post M. A. Schlautman J. M. Galbraith H. A. Zurqani 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(15):1826-1834
Soil textural information is an important component underlying other soil health indicators. Soil texture analysis is a common procedure, but it can be labor intensive and expensive. Soil texture data typically are available from the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database, which may be an option for determining soil health texture groups (SHTG). The SSURGO database provides soil texture information in the soil map unit (SMU) name, taxonomic class category (family), and detailed values (≤ 2 mm soil fraction) of percent sand, silt and clay by soil horizon. The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of using SSURGO data for SHTG at the 147-ha Cornell University Willsboro Research Farm in New York state as an alternative for soil texture data determined manually on collected soil core samples. Comparative results revealed that representative values for soil texture from the SSURGO database generally matched measured mean values for all SMUs. 相似文献
13.
土壤含水率与土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响 总被引：11，自引：11，他引：11
土壤含水率和土壤碱度是表征土壤物理化学性质的两个重要参数。通过室内三轴不固结不排水试验，研究了土壤含水率和土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响。试验处理采用5种土壤碱度(土壤可交换钠百分比ESP=0、5、10、20、40)和4种土壤质量含水率(0.05、0.10、0.20以及饱和含水率0.34)水平。试验结果显示，土壤黏聚力随着土壤含水率的增加基本上呈先增大后减小之趋势；当土壤含水率在0.10附近时黏聚力达到其最大值。土壤内摩擦角随着土壤含水率的增加而线性减小。土壤碱度对土壤黏聚力的影响机理较为复杂，其影响效果随土壤含水率的增加而减小；但土壤碱度对土壤内摩擦角的影响较小。土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响程度明显地小于土壤含水率对其的影响程度。 相似文献
14.
Microbial activity is affected by changes in the availability of soil moisture. We examined the relationship between microbial activity and water potential in a silt loam soil during four successive drying and rewetting cycles. Microbial activity was inferred from the rate of CO2 accumulating in a sealed flask containing the soil sample and the CO2 respired was measured using gas chromatography. Thermocouple hygrometry was used to monitor the water potential by burying a thermocouple in the soil sample in the flask. Initial treatment by drying on pressure plates brought samples of the test soil to six different water potentials in the range -0.005 to -1.5MPa. Water potential and soil respiration were simultaneously measured while these six soil samples slowly dried by evaporation and were remoistened four times. The results were consistent with a log-linear relationship between water potential and microbial activity as long as activity was not limited by substrate availability. This relationship appeared to hold for the range of water potentials from ?0.01 to ?8.5 MPa. Even at ?0.01 MPa (wet soil) a decrease in water potential from ?0.01 to ?0.02 MPa caused a 10% decrease in microbial activity. Rewetting the soil caused a large and rapid increase in the respiration rate. There was up to a 40-fold increase in microbial activity for a short period when the change in water potential following rewetting was greater than 5 MPa. Differences in microbial activity between the wetter and drier soil treatments following rewetting to the original water potentials are discussed in terms of the availability of energy substrate. 相似文献
15.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):833-840
Abstract The design, dimensiors and materials for constructing volumetric soil measures for routine soil testing use are presented. Scoop calibration techniques are also described. Reproducibility of results obtained under routine laboratory, conditions are shown. The measures include volumes of 1.0‐, 2.5‐, 5.0‐ and 10‐ cm3 respectively. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):567-571
Abstract The design, materials and dimensions for constructing a coring device for sampling soil fauna and flora at different depths is described. 相似文献
17.
The interaction of soil microbes with their physical environment affects their abilities to respire, grow and divide. One of these environmental factors is the amount of moisture in the soil. The work we published almost 25 years ago showed that microbial respiration was linearly related to soil-water content and log-linearly related to water potential. The paper arose out of collaboration between two young researchers from different areas of soil science, physics and microbiology. The project was driven by not only our curiosity but also the freedom to operate without the constraints common to the current system of science management. The citation history shows three peaks, 1989, 1999 and from 2002 to the present day. Interestingly, the annual citation rate is as high as it has ever been. The initial peak is due to the application of the work to studies on microbial processes. The second peak is associated with the rise of simulation modelling and the third with the relevance of the findings to climate change research. In this article, our paper is re-evaluated in the light of subsequent studies that allow the principle of separation of variables to be tested. This re-evaluation lends further credence to the linear relationship proposed between soil respiration and water content. A scaled relationship for respiration and water content is presented. Lastly, further research is suggested and more recent work on the physics of gas transport discussed briefly. 相似文献
18.
《CATENA》1998,32(1):15-22
Evaluation of various soil erosion models with large data sets have consistently shown that these models tend to over-predict soil erosion for small measured values, and under-predict soil erosion for larger measured values. This trend appears to be consistent regardless of whether the soil erosion value of interest is for individual storms, annual totals, or average annual soil losses, and regardless of whether the model is empirical or physically based. The hypothesis presented herein is that this phenomenon is not necessarily associated with bias in model predictions as a function of treatment, but rather with limitations in representing the random component of the measured data within treatments (i.e., between replicates) with a deterministic model. A simple example is presented, showing how even a `perfect' deterministic soil erosion model exhibits bias relative to small and large measured erosion rates. The concept is further tested and verified on a set of 3007 measured soil erosion data pairs from storms on natural rainfall and run-off plots using the best possible, unbiased, real-world model, i.e., the physical model represented by replicated plots. The results of this study indicate that the commonly observed bias, in erosion prediction models relative to over-prediction of small and under-prediction of large measured erosion rates on individual data points, is normal and expected if the model is accurately predicting erosion rates as a function of environmental conditions, i.e., treatments. 相似文献
19.
Tillage effects on soil degradation, soil resilience, soil quality, and sustainability 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Rattan Lal 《Soil & Tillage Research》1993,27(1-4):1-8
Soil degradation, decrease in soil's actual and potential productivity owing to land misuse, is a major threat to agricultural sustainability and environmental quality. The problem is particularly severe in the tropics and sub-tropics as a result of high demographic pressure, shortage of prime agricultural land, harsh environments, and resource poor farmers who presumably cannot afford science based recommended inputs. Tillage methods and soil surface management affect sustainable use of soil resources through their influence on soil stability, soil resilience, and soil quality. Soil stability refers to the susceptibility of soil to change under natural or anthropogenic perturbations. In comparison, soil resilience refers to soil's ability to restore its life support processes after being stressed. The term soil quality refers to the soil's capacity to perform its three principal functions e.g. economic productivity, environment regulation, and aesthetic and cultural values. There is a need to develop precise objective and quantitative indices of assessing these attributes of the soil. These indices can only be developed from the data obtained from well designed and properly implemented long-term soil management experiments conducted on major soils in principal ecoregions. 相似文献
20.
黑土区土壤侵蚀厚度对土地生产力的影响及其评价 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了研究黑土区土壤侵蚀厚度对土地生产力的影响,采用盆栽试验,人为剥离黑土表层0、5、10、15、20、25和30 cm土壤以模拟侵蚀厚度不同的耕层土壤,分析土壤侵蚀厚度对土壤理化性质、大豆生物性状和水分利用效率等指标的影响。并对TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution)模型进行改进,用于评价侵蚀厚度不同的土壤的土地生产力。结果表明:土壤全N、碱解N、全P、速效P、有机质含量和土壤田间持水率均随侵蚀厚度的增加而递减,土壤容重随侵蚀厚度的增加而递增。土壤侵蚀厚度对大豆生长有显著影响,随着侵蚀厚度的增加,大豆减产率呈"S型"曲线递增,产量、耗水量呈"Z型"曲线递减,水分利用效率呈指数曲线关系递减。改进的TOPSIS模型对不同侵蚀厚度下土地生产力的评价结果较为理想,计算的土地生产力指数随土壤侵蚀厚度的变化呈"Z型"曲线,与大豆产量的变化趋势相同,且二者呈指数函数关系,决定系数达0.996,均方根误差为0.65。研究结果可为黑土区土壤侵蚀防治提供理论依据。 相似文献