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1.
喷钙对红地球葡萄果实钙、果胶含量和品质的影响 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为明确适用于红地球葡萄的补钙钙源、 时期和部位,设计了在葡萄果实发育的不同时期（幼果膨大期和采收前2周）对不同部位（叶片和果实）分别喷施硝酸钙和糖醇钙的田间试验,分析了喷钙后果实钙、 果胶含量和果实品质的变化。结果表明, 外源喷钙显著提高了红地球葡萄叶柄和果实各部位的钙含量。从喷钙时期上看,幼果膨大期喷钙对果实各部位钙含量的提高明显大于采收前2周喷钙;从钙源种类上看,硝酸钙适合叶片喷施,糖醇钙适合果穗喷施;从喷钙部位看,叶片喷糖醇钙对提高果实采收期的叶柄钙含量效果最为明显,喷钙后,在果实各部位中,果皮钙含量增加最多,为对照的6.6~20.3倍。在幼果膨大期和采收前2周两个时期,果穗喷钙对果皮钙含量的影响均明显大于叶片喷钙,叶片喷钙则更有利于果籽中钙含量的提高。幼果膨大期果穗喷糖醇钙处理采收后的果肉钙含量最高,达到3.98 mg/g,DW,是对照的2.84倍。果肉钙含量与果肉原果胶含量、 总果胶含量以及果粒硬度均呈极显著正相关,说明通过喷钙来提高果肉钙含量有助于提高果实的贮运品质。 相似文献
2.
赣南华盛顿脐橙果实发育中几种矿质营养含量动态的研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
赣南红黄壤的土壤条件导致柑橘树体缺素现象比较普遍,而华盛顿脐橙缺素症状并不明显.本文以赣南华盛顿脐橙为试验材料,对其果实发育中果实不同部位(果皮和果肉)的B、Ca、K、Mg和叶片(越冬老叶和当年春梢叶)的B、Ca、K、Mg、Fe、Mn和Zn含量变化进行了对比测定.结果表明:果皮和果肉B含量均于果实膨大期出现显著上升高峰;而对应的Ca含量在幼果期至果实膨大初期相对较高,之后趋明显下降.老叶的B、Ca、Fe和Mn含量均相对稳定,对应春梢叶四者含量均于花后100 d(高温干旱期)出现大幅度下降,之后呈类似的变化趋势;而春梢叶的K、Mg和Zn含量并无此显著下降过程,且老叶的Mg和Zn含量均低于缺乏临界值. 相似文献
3.
喷施钙对肥城桃果活性钙含量及其在亚细胞分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】肥城桃是山东特产,但经常发生缝合线褐变、 不耐储藏等问题,补充钙肥是减轻其生理病害的有效措施。了解肥城桃的需钙规律,为肥城桃补充钙素营养提供理论依据和技术指导。【方法】以11年生红里肥桃为试材,从花后一个月开始,每隔30 d在选取的肥桃果树上喷施钙肥。试验设3个处理: 1)喷施0.5%氨基酸钙溶液; 2)喷施0.5%硝酸钙; 3)喷施清水为对照。从4月28日起每隔30 d采样,测定果皮、 果肉、 果核、 果仁总钙含量及果肉钙组分含量,在成熟期取果实用透射电镜观察果肉细胞内钙的亚细胞分布。【结果】3个处理果实中的钙含量均以幼果期最高,随着果实的成熟,全钙、 水溶性钙、 果胶酸钙含量均呈下降趋势,喷钙处理在一定程度上提高了果皮、 果肉、 果核及果仁的总钙含量,其中果肉总钙含量变化最明显,在果实成熟期,喷施氨基酸钙及硝酸钙的处理果肉总钙含量分别增加了68%、 77%。通过电镜观察,喷钙果肉细胞中钙均匀分布于细胞壁、 细胞膜、 液泡膜上,液泡中有钙的堆积; 未喷钙细胞壁中钙的分布减少,细胞膜、 液泡膜上钙也均匀分布; 发生褐变的果肉细胞内钙分布很少且不均匀。【结论】肥城桃果实中全钙含量随着果实生长而迅速下降。喷施钙肥能提高果实全钙尤其是水溶性钙及果胶钙的含量,增加细胞壁钙的分布,有利于缓解果实发育过程中钙含量的下降。喷施氨基酸钙和硝酸钙都能增加肥城桃果肉的不溶性果胶含量,提高果实硬度。 相似文献
4.
研究了燕红水蜜桃果实低温贮藏期间果实冷害与可溶性糖和果胶类物质变化规律的关系.结果表明,桃果实采后低温(0℃)贮藏28 d后,果实冷害发生严重,正常的后熟过程无法完成,表现为果实出汁率上升缓慢,果实不能正常软化.同时发现,0℃贮藏期间,果实中蔗糖和葡萄糖含量变化不显著,但果糖却大幅度下降.低温抑制Na2CO3-溶性果胶的降解,减少了CDTA-溶性果胶和水溶性果胶的积累,表现为果实软化能力降低,正常的后熟进程被阻断.这些结果表明,桃果实采后低温贮藏期间果糖损失和果胶类物质的代谢异常可能是加剧果实冷害发生的重要原因. 相似文献
5.
六种果皮原料果胶的理化及凝胶特性比较 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了解不同品种水果的果皮(柚子皮、西番莲皮、脐橙皮、石榴皮、榴莲皮)以及向日葵盘所提取果胶的理化和质构特性,研究了不同原料果胶的得率、色泽、果胶酸含量、甲氧基含量、酯化度、黏度及质构特性,特别是采用高效液相色谱准确测定了各类果胶的分子量。结果表明:柚子皮、向日葵盘和脐橙皮果胶质量分数较高,分别为18.06%、14.61%和14.43%;西番莲皮果胶质量分数为8.76%;而石榴皮及榴莲皮果胶质量分数较低(均<3%)。从分子量看,石榴皮、脐橙皮果胶分子量较大(>1000kDa),向日葵盘果胶分子量最小(483kDa)。此外,几种果胶的溶胶均属低黏度值果胶(<25厘泊),且在pH值为7.0时黏度最大、在pH值为5.0时黏度最小。结合凝胶质构分析表明:石榴皮果胶分子量最大,凝胶强度最大,但为高甲氧基果胶,且得率较低;而向日葵盘果胶分子量最小,但得率较高,且为低甲基果胶,在非糖及含糖体系中均可形成性能优良的凝胶,因此是生产果胶的良好原料。该文为果胶的生产及应用提供参考。 相似文献
6.
豌豆不同耐铝品种根尖细胞壁果胶及其甲基酯化度的差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究豌豆不同品种耐铝性和根尖根段耐铝性与果胶及其甲基酯化间的关系,为进一步揭示植物耐铝机理以及耐铝性状的遗传改良提供依据。【方法】以豌豆品种Hyogo和Alaska为试验材料,采用Hoagland培养方式,测定了不同品种不同根段果胶含量、 果胶甲基酯化度和果胶甲酯酶活性,研究了其差异及原因。【结果】在15和30 μmol/L铝浓度胁迫条件下,豌豆品种Alaska根相对伸长率均显著高于品种Hyogo,同时有根尖0~5 mm和5~10 mm段有更少的胼胝质生成和累积,在30 μmol/L浓度下不同根段间均达到显著差异,同时品种Hyogo根尖0~2.5 mm和2.5~5.0 mm段铝含量均显著高于品种Alaska,说明品种Alaska和品种Hyogo间存在耐铝性差异,其中品种Alaska耐铝性高于品种Hyogo,即品种Hyogo为铝敏感品种,品种Alaska是耐铝品种。比较两者不同根段(0~2.5 mm、 2.5~5.0 mm和5.0~10.0 mm)的铝含量与果胶含量、 果胶甲基酯化度、 PME活性间的关系,发现耐铝品种不同根段中的铝含量均小于敏感品种,并且在0~2.5 mm和2.5~5.0 mm段间达到显著性差异; 根尖不同根段果胶糖醛酸含量大小依次为0~2.5＞2.5~5.0＞5.0~10.0 mm,耐铝品种Alaska根尖细胞壁果胶和未甲酯化果胶含量均显著低于Hyogo,并且0~2.5 mm根段差异最大。根尖不同根段果胶甲基酯化度从根尖向上逐渐降低,并且耐铝品种Alaska高于铝敏感品种Hyogo,其中0~2.5 mm段间的差异达到显著水平;在对两个品种果胶甲基酯化酶(PME)活性进一步分析发现,PME活性大小依次为0~2.5＞2.5~5.0＞5.0~10.0 mm,两品种0~2.5 mm和2.5~5.0 mm根段间均达到显著差异。【结论】铝敏感品种Hyogo在0~2.5 mm和2.5~5.0 mm根段具有较高 PME活性和较低果胶甲基酯化程度。豌豆根尖果胶含量和甲基酯化度尤其是0~2.5 mm根段是豌豆耐铝性差异的重要原因;Alaska根尖细胞壁的果胶含量低和果胶甲基酯化度高(尤其是0~2.5 mm段)是其耐铝的重要机制。 相似文献
7.
施氮水平对富士苹果果实钙形态及品质的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
8.
近年来宁夏旱砂西瓜产区嫁接栽培迅速发展,但砧木品种繁杂。为筛选出适宜宁夏的旱砂西瓜嫁接砧木品种,选用10个南瓜砧木品种,观察了不同砧木对旱砂田西瓜生长、果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明,采用宁砧1号、宝根103、金城雪峰嫁接的旱砂西瓜折合产量较高,分别为42 470.37 、41 877.78、41 844.44 kg/hm2。宁砧1号嫁接的旱砂西瓜果皮硬度、果肉硬度、果实纵径最高,皖砧2号、宝根103、思状7号嫁接的旱砂西瓜果皮较厚,金城雪峰嫁接的旱砂西瓜果实中心可溶性固形物含量及总糖含量最高,宝根103嫁接的旱砂西瓜果实边缘可溶性固形物含量及总酸含量均高于其他砧木,宁砧1号嫁接的旱砂西瓜果实Vc含量均显著高于其他砧木。综合考虑认为,砧木品种金城雪峰、宝根103、宁砧1号对提高旱砂西瓜品质和产量的效果最好。 相似文献
9.
溶液培养条件下研究硼(B)对不同B效率棉花品种水溶性果胶、原果胶及水溶性B、酸溶性B含量的影响.结果表明,供B充足时,B低效棉花品种各部位果胶含量均大于高效品种,不同形态B含量也有同样的规律.缺B时,高效品种各部位果胶含量一般高于低效品种.严重缺B使2个棉花品种不同形态B含量均显著降低,水溶性B变化比酸溶性B更明显,低效品种各部位酸溶性B及上部幼叶水溶性B含量降低幅度均大于高效品种,下部老叶和根中水溶性B降低幅度小于高效品种.缺B还使2个品种上部幼叶与下部老叶水溶性B含量比值增加,高效品种增加幅度大于低效品种,该比值在品种间的差异明显大于水溶性B和酸溶性B含量的差异,可以更好地反映不同品种的B效率. 相似文献
10.
热处理抑制采后龙眼果肉自溶及细胞壁物质降解 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了阐明热水处理抑制采后龙眼果实果肉自溶的作用机理,研究热水处理对采后龙眼果实果肉自溶和细胞壁组分含量、细胞壁降解酶活性的影响。将"福眼"龙眼果实经50℃热水处理10 min,用0.015 mm厚的聚乙烯薄膜袋密封包装,贮藏于(15±1)℃条件下。在贮藏期间定期测定龙眼果实果肉自溶指数、细胞壁组分含量和细胞壁降解酶活性。结果表明:与未经热水处理,相同贮藏条件下的对照果实比,热处理可显著(P0.05)抑制龙眼果实果肉自溶指数的上升,降低果胶甲酯酶(pectinmethylesterase,PME)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase,PG)、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-galactosidase,β-Gal)和纤维素酶(cellulase,CX)的活性,延缓水溶性果胶(water-soluble pectin,WSP)含量的上升和离子结合型果胶(ionic-soluble pectin,ISP)、共价结合型果胶(covalent-soluble pectin,CSP)、半纤维素和纤维素含量的下降。因此认为,热处理可通过降低采后龙眼果实果肉细胞壁降解酶的活性而减少细胞壁组分的降解,从而维持细胞壁结构的完整性,抑制果肉自溶的发生。研究结果为热处理技术在采后龙眼果实保鲜中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
11.
In southern Jiangxi province of China, ‘Newhall’(Citrus sinensis Osbeck) navel orange presented a conspicuous symptom of boron (B) deficiency in mature leaves, whereas B deficiency symptoms were not manifested on ‘Skagg's Bonanza’(C. sinensis Osbeck) navel orange. In this study, changes in concentrations of B, calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were comparatively investigated in the structural parts of the fruit (rind and pulp) and leaves (old leaves from last season and spring-flush leaves from current year) of ‘Newhall’ and ‘Skagg's Bonanza’ navel orange during the growing season. Two peaks of B concentrations were observed in the rind of the two cultivars during fruitlet growth and fruit enlargement, respectively. Boron concentrations were relatively high in the rind during fruitlet growth, and then decreased in both rind and pulp, whereas, during middle and late fruit enlargement significant increases were found for B in both rind and pulp of the two cultivars. Boron concentrations in old leaves of ‘Newhall’ decreased progressively and remained relatively low, whereas that of ‘Skagg's Bonanza’ was relatively high and changed slightly as the season progresses. Both Ca and K concentrations were above the critical threshold values, while their dynamics were reverse to that of B in fruit and leaves during certain times. Old leaf Mg concentrations of samples at 140 days after full bloom from the two cultivars and spring-flush leaves from ‘Newhall’ were below the threshold limit for sufficiency. In addition, Mg in old leaves was much lower from ‘Newhall’ than from ‘Skagg's Bonanza’. Spring-flush leaf concentrations of Mn and Zn and Mn concentrations in old leaves from ‘Newhall’ were relatively lacking during middle and late season, which accelerated the occurrence of B deficiency symptoms on mature leaves of ‘Newhall.’ 相似文献
12.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19-20):3061-3076
Seasonal changes in nutrient concentrations of leaf and fruit structural parts (rind and pulp) from ‘Newhall’ (Citrus. sinensis Osbeck) and ‘Skagg's Bonanza’ (C. sinensis Osbeck) navel oranges were investigated during fruit development in two successive years. Leaf calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and potassium (K) concentrations were relatively constant throughout the whole season with the exception of an increase of K at stage 1, the period of fruitlet growth [before 80 days after full bloom (DAFB)], whereas the magnesium (Mg), boron (B), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) concentrations declined distinctly during stage 2 (80–180 DAFB), the period of fruit rapid enlargement. In rind, Ca, B, Fe, and Mn concentrations reached the greatest levels at stage 2, different from K and Mg, which increased at stage 1 and decreased thereafter. In pulp, concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, and Mn declined gradually with time, whereas a small rise in B toward the end of sampling and a clear increase of Fe at stage 2 were observed. It was suggested that ‘Newhall’ required greater B inherently in fruits as the cultivar had greater B concentrations in fruit parts and had greater rind/leaf B concentration ratios than ‘Skagg's Bonanza.’ ‘Newhall’ had relatively greater rind Ca content and exhibited Ca distribution more uniformly within its fruit parts, which probably enhanced the crack resistance. 相似文献
13.
Creasing is a physiological disorder in oranges fruits that affects rind quality. This disorder has been associated with insufficient or imbalances of nutrients in the fruit. A study was carried out in an orange orchard cv. Fukumoto. At harvest, fruit samples were selected with and without creasing, according to visual symptoms. External and internal fruit quality was evaluated in whole fruit, then dry matter and mineral content and concentration (nitrogen N, potassium K, calcium Ca and magnesium Mg) was analyzed in flavedo, albedo and pulp. Oranges with creasing had larger weight and fruit size, higher water content in the pulp and whole fruit, lower coarse rind grading, thinner peel, higher nitrogen content in the pulp and the whole fruit, higher potassium content in all fruit components and lower calcium content and concentration. Magnesium content, only in flavedo showed significant differences, being higher in fruit without creasing. Fruit size and Ca were key factors related to the expression of creasing disorder, as well as nutrient balance. 相似文献
14.
Samina Khalid Aman Ullah Malik Zora Singh Sami Ullah Basharat Ali Saleem Omer Hafeez Malik 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(14):1786-1797
An understanding of variation in fruit quality in relation to tree age can help understand the issue of poor fruit quality in young orchards; however, limited information is available on the citrus fruit. In this study, the endogenous nutritional status in rind, rag, and leaves; pectin status in rind and rag; and anatomical fruit growth parameter in rind tissues were studied in ‘Kinnow’ mandarins fruit during their development on trees from three age (6-, 18-, and 35-year-old) groups. In older (35-year-old) trees, rind, rag, and leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations were superior. In fruit from all tree age groups, total pectin and protopectin reduced; however water-soluble pectin (WSP) improved. In rind tissues harvested from young (6-year-old) trees, cell density was more while cell size was less. In all tree age groups, cell density in rind tissues correlated negatively with rind WSP. 相似文献
15.
Yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) rind pectic substances were fractionated with water, ammonium oxalate, and dilute acid solutions. The extracted pectins were rich in anhydrogalacturonic acid and had a low degree of methyl esterification. Moreover, their acetyl groups and neutral sugar contents were relatively low. Furthermore, a low amount of proteinaceous material was also found within them. Their gelling ability and viscoelastic properties as evaluated by the SAG and small amplitude oscillatory shear tests, respectively, were comparable to those of a commercial citrus low-methoxyl pectin. Hence, yellow passion fruit rind occurs as a potentially good source of naturally low-methoxyl pectin. 相似文献
16.
Zora Singh 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1723-1737
To investigate the effects of embryo abortion on fruit size and weight, stone weight, and fruit quality, including total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, TSS/acid ratio, sugars, and concentrations of macro and micronutrients in skin and pulp, nubbins (seedless fruit) and seeded fruit of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars ‘Glenn,’ ‘Irwin,’ ‘Haden,’ ‘Kent,’ and ‘Kensington Pride’ were compared at the ripe stage. Nubbins had significantly smaller fruit size and lower fruit weight than in seeded fruit in all the cultivars. Mean stone weight was also significantly lower in nubbins (9.04 g) than in seeded fruit (30.27 g) and the trend was similar in all the cultivars. Percent dry pulp weight was significantly higher in nubbins than in seeded fruit in all five cultivars. Nubbins exhibited significantly lower acidity and higher TSS and TSS/acid ratio than did seeded fruit in all of the cultivars. The concentrations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) in the skin and N, phosphorus (P), K, calcium (Ca), Mg, sulfur (S), Fe, zinc (Zn), and Cu in the pulp of nubbins did not differ significantly from those in the skin and pulp of seeded fruit in all of the cultivars. However, mean concentrations of P, Ca, and S were significantly higher in the skin of nubbins than in the skin of seeded fruit. Mean concentrations of manganese (Mn) and boron (B) in both skin and pulp of nubbins were significantly higher than in the skin and pulp of seeded fruit. The experimental results suggest that embryo abortion at early stages of fruit development, although it reduces fruit size and weight, does not affect the concentrations of these elements in the pulp and skin of mature fruit. In conclusion, embryo abortion in mango fruit substantially reduced fruit size, weight, and stone weight and improved TSS, TSS/acid ratio, total sugars, and non-reducing sugars compared with seeded fruit in all the cultivars and led to minor changes in the concentrations of most of macro and micronutrients in skin and pulp of the fruit. 相似文献
17.
以富士、金冠苹果树为试材,分析了同一花序不同部位的果实重量,Ca、Mg、K含量和果柄结构的变化,以期探讨果柄发育和幼果Ca、Mg、K吸收之间的关系及其在幼果脱落中的作用。结果表明,随幼果的发育,单个幼果重量和Ca、Mg、K含量呈增加趋势;与发育不正常的边果相比,发育正常的中心果和边果的鲜重、干重、果柄直径、维管束数目、木质部厚度、韧皮部维管束面积和单果Ca、Mg、K总含量较高,而以干重为单位的果柄Ca、Mg含量较低。相关分析表明,苹果幼果的单果重和Ca、Mg、K含量与果柄的直径、维管束数目、木质部厚度、韧皮部维管束面积呈显著正相关,说明幼果发育与Ca、Mg、K吸收和果柄结构密切相关,Ca、Mg、K吸收率低和果柄发育不良可能是导致落果的重要原因。 相似文献
18.
为了深入了解猕猴桃果实采后细胞壁多糖物质降解及组织结构变化与果实贮藏性的关系,本研究以红阳和华特猕猴桃果实为试材,对25和4℃贮藏期间的细胞壁多糖物质含量及果胶降解酶活性进行测定,并比较两品种果实在25℃贮藏期间的细胞显微结构和钙组分含量差异。结果表明,在25和4℃贮藏条件下,随着贮藏时间的延长,红阳和华特猕猴桃果实中半纤维素（HCL）、纤维素（CL）和共价结合型果胶（CSP）含量不断降低,水溶性果胶（WSP）含量不断上升,离子结合型果胶（ISP）含量相对稳定。红阳猕猴桃各细胞壁多糖组分含量变化速度较快。两品种猕猴桃果实硬度均与WSP含量呈显著负相关,与CSP含量呈显著正相关。果胶降解酶活性检测结果显示,25℃贮藏前期,红阳猕猴桃中果胶酸裂解酶（PL）和β-半乳糖苷酶（β-Gal）活性显著高于华特;贮藏中后期,红阳中果胶甲酯酶（PME）活性显著高于华特。4℃贮藏期间,红阳中PME活性仍显著高于华特;4℃贮藏前期,红阳中β-Gal活性与华特无显著差异,而PL活性低于华特。相关性分析表明,25℃贮藏期间,与红阳和华特果实软化显著相关的果胶降解酶分别是PME和PL;4℃贮藏期间,与华特果实软... 相似文献