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1.
为探究复方中草药与鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. rhamnosus)共发酵产物对鸡球虫病的治疗效果,本研究将复方中草药(青蒿、常山、白头翁、仙鹤草、槐花、黄芩、甘草)与L. rhamnosus共发酵12h,患球虫病雏鸡灌服共发酵产物,连续用药5日,观察雏鸡临床症状,并检测各组雏鸡的相对增重率,盲肠病变记分,盲肠病理切片,每克粪便卵囊值(OPG),并计算各组药物抗球虫指数(ACI)。结果显示,服用复方中药发酵制剂后的感染球虫的雏鸡体重显著上升,与对照组差异显著(P＜0.05)。此外,发酵产物可以明显减轻盲肠病理变化,同时可以降低受感染雏鸡卵囊的排出量。发酵产物组的ACI为130.59,达到中等抗球虫水平。复方中草药与L. rhamnosus共发酵提高了中药对鸡球虫病的治疗效果,为益生菌中药发酵治疗球虫病奠定基础。 相似文献
2.
《中国兽药杂志》2020,(1)
为探究复方中草药与鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus,L.rhamnosus)共发酵产物对鸡球虫病的治疗效果,将复方中草药(青蒿、常山、白头翁、仙鹤草、槐花、黄芩、甘草)与L.rhamnosus共发酵12 h,患球虫病雏鸡灌服共发酵产物,连续用药5 d,观察雏鸡临床症状,并检测各组雏鸡的相对增重率,盲肠病变记分,制作盲肠病理切片,计算每克粪便卵囊值(OPG)及各组药物抗球虫指数(ACI)。结果表明,服用复方中药发酵制剂后的感染球虫的雏鸡体重显著高于对照组(P0.05);发酵产物可以明显减轻盲肠病理变化,同时可以降低受感染雏鸡卵囊的排出量;发酵产物组的ACI为130.59,达到中等抗球虫水平。复方中草药与L.rhamnosus共发酵提高了中药对鸡球虫病的治疗效果,为益生菌中药发酵治疗球虫病奠定了基础。 相似文献
3.
NO在雏鸡球虫感染过程中的作用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
研究以腹腔注射途径给予试验雏鸡cNOS抑制剂L－NAME、L－NA以及iNOS抑制剂L－AG，通过测定血浆NO2^-水平、肠道粘膜NOS活性、雏鸡日增重以及肠道病变计分、肠道组织切片中球虫数量、O.P.G值、异常粪便百分率等指标，研究了NO在雏鸡感染E.tenella或E.acervulina过程中的作用。试验结果表明，在雏鸡感染E.tenella或E.acervulina后，每日连续给予L－AG或L－NAME，不但加重了雏鸡的肠道组织显微病变，而且使肠道组织切片中的球虫数量增多。此外L－AG或L－NAME处理还使感染雏鸡的O.P.G值和肠道病变记分等指标出现不同程度的升高，但与感染对照组的相比未见显著性影响。另外，无论是NO2^-测定结果，还是NOS活性测定结果均表明，3种NOS抑制剂对感染E.acervulina雏鸡体内NO的生成均有较好的抑制作用，其中以L－AG的抑制作用最为理想，L－AG处理组雏鸡血浆NO2^-水平或肠道粘膜NOS活性值均与给予的L－AG剂量之间呈现较好的剂量依赖性递减关系。结果提示，在雏鸡感染球虫过程中，体内大量生成的NO对球虫具有一定的毒性作用。NO可能是在雏鸡E.tenella和E.acervulina感染过程中发挥作用的一种效应分子。 相似文献
4.
《中兽医学杂志》2015,(6)
穿心莲作为清热解毒类中药,具有抑制炎症、抗感染等药理活性,其对鸡球虫感染所致肠道炎症的作用尚不清楚。本文以柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)接种制作雏鸡球虫感染模型,在接种前1d至接种后6d连续口服给予不同剂量的穿心莲片剂(50mg,100mg,200mg)。试验结果表明,200mg组中感染鸡的血便排出推迟了1d,且明显降低了血便记分和粪便卵囊排出量,盲肠病变记分也相应降低。对E.tenella感染引起的增重以及中枢免疫器官(胸腺、法氏囊)指数的下降有回升作用,且表现出一定的剂量效应。不同剂量组的抗球虫指数均低于160。这说明穿心莲片能减轻雏鸡E.tenella的感染程度,但未达到中效抗球虫药的疗效。 相似文献
5.
《中国家禽》2021,(6)
为探讨鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)生殖细胞特异性蛋白(HAP2)对球虫感染的免疫保护作用,将HAP2重组蛋白(rEtHAP2)加弗氏完全佐剂或弗氏不完全佐剂免疫雏鸡后,用E. tenella孢子化卵囊感染雏鸡,以雏鸡增重效果、卵囊排出量、肠道病变记分、血清抗体水平、淋巴细胞转化水平,评估rEtHAP2的免疫保护作用,并设PBS免疫对照组、正常饲养对照组。结果显示:rEtHAP2免疫组雏鸡的平均体重、日增重、血清抗体水平、淋巴细胞转化水平,均显著高于PBS免疫对照组(P0.05);卵囊排出量,肠道病变记分则显著低于PBS免疫对照组(P0.05);抗球虫指数ACI值为176.18,保护效果良好。研究表明生殖细胞特异性蛋白HAP2对柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染具有良好的免疫保护作用,可成为柔嫩艾美耳球虫新型疫苗的候选抗原。 相似文献
6.
为探讨青蒿散对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)的防治效果,本试验选取90只健康黄羽肉鸡,分为6组,除空白对照组外,其余各组(感染对照组、药物对照组及青蒿散低、中、高剂量组)试验鸡均经口感染6×104个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊,各试验组在接种前一天开始用药至试验结束。记录各组试验鸡的眼观病变、组织病理学检查、相对增重率、盲肠病变记分、血便记分、每克粪便中的卵囊数(OPG)、卵囊值及抗球虫指数(ACI)指标,评价青蒿散不同给药浓度的抗球虫效果。结果显示,空白对照组、感染对照组、药物对照组及青蒿散低、中、高剂量组的抗球虫指数分别为200.00、72.23、157.19、82.89、125.32和137.06,与感染对照组相比,药物对照组和青蒿散各剂量组的眼观病变、组织病理学检查均有所缓解,青蒿散能减轻病鸡盲肠的肿胀和出血等症状,且病鸡精神状态较感染对照组好;与感染对照组相比,各给药组的平均增重均有所升高,盲肠病变、卵囊值及血便情况减少。综上所述,青蒿散能缓解柔嫩艾美耳球虫侵染鸡盲肠所致的病理症状和组织病变,减少粪便中卵囊的排出数量,有一定的抗球虫效果,且给药浓度越高抗球虫效果越好,具有剂量依赖性。 相似文献
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9.
将柔嫩艾美球虫DNA疫苗pcDNA4．0（c）-pEtK2-IL-2以50μg分别对14日龄和21日龄雏鸡进行胸部肌肉注射免疫，28日龄对各未免疫组与免疫组鸡分别口服接种柔嫩艾美球虫、巨型艾美球虫、堆形艾美球虫和毒害艾美球虫孢子化卵囊，36日龄剖杀，分析比较免疫保护效果。结果显示，柔嫩艾美球虫攻毒免疫试验组与柔嫩艾美球虫攻毒未免疫对照组比较，增重、盲肠病变记分、OPG值差异显著（P〈0．05），免疫保护效果明显，抗球虫指数（ACI）达186．50；而巨型艾美球虫、堆形艾美球虫和毒害艾关球虫攻毒免疫试验组的ACI分别为147．85、142．71和153．82，增重、盲肠病变记分、OPG值和ACI与相应的攻毒未免疫对照组比较，均有不同程度改善，免疫保护效果不明显。表明，该DNA疫苗对柔嫩艾美球虫的攻击具有完全免疫保护作用，而对巨型艾美球虫、堆形艾关球虫、毒害艾美球虫的攻击具有部分交叉保护力。 相似文献
10.
重组鸡γ干扰素的抗球虫作用 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
鸡 γ干扰素 (Ch IFN- γ)是一种重要的细胞因子。对 r Ch IFN- γ抗球虫作用进行初步研究。在 7日龄对试验雏鸡口服接种 4× 10 4 个成熟的柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊时 ,结果表明 ,r Ch IFN-γ可以增加试验雏鸡的相对增重率 ,同时还发现 r Ch IFN-γ可以减少 OPG值和肠道病变记分 ,各 r Ch IFN-γ处理组中以肌肉注射 5 0 0 0 U r Ch IFN-γ组的相对增重率最高 ,为 93.0 %,其肠道病变记分和 OPG分别为 1.8和 6 .6 1万 / ml,ACI为 14 1.7 相似文献
11.
为探讨青蒿散对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫（E.tenella）的防治效果,本试验选取90只健康黄羽肉鸡,分为6组,除空白对照组外,其余各组（感染对照组、药物对照组及青蒿散低、中、高剂量组）试验鸡均经口感染6×104个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊,各试验组在接种前一天开始用药至试验结束。记录各组试验鸡的眼观病变、组织病理学检查、相对增重率、盲肠病变记分、血便记分、每克粪便中的卵囊数（OPG）、卵囊值及抗球虫指数（ACI）指标,评价青蒿散不同给药浓度的抗球虫效果。结果显示,空白对照组、感染对照组、药物对照组及青蒿散低、中、高剂量组的抗球虫指数分别为200.00、72.23、157.19、82.89、125.32和137.06,与感染对照组相比,药物对照组和青蒿散各剂量组的眼观病变、组织病理学检查均有所缓解,青蒿散能减轻病鸡盲肠的肿胀和出血等症状,且病鸡精神状态较感染对照组好;与感染对照组相比,各给药组的平均增重均有所升高,盲肠病变、卵囊值及血便情况减少。综上所述,青蒿散能缓解柔嫩艾美耳球虫侵染鸡盲肠所致的病理症状和组织病变,减少粪便中卵囊的排出数量,有一定的抗球虫效果,且给药浓度越高抗球虫效果越好,具有剂量依赖性。 相似文献
12.
El-Abasy M Motobu M Na KJ Shimura K Nakamura K Koge K Onodera T Hirota Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(8):865-871
The effects of oral administration of sugar cane extracts (SCE) on Eimeria tenella oocysts infection in chickens were studied with 2 different experiments. In Experiment 1, 3-week-old inbred chickens (MHC; H.B15) were inoculated into the crop with SCE (500 mg/kg/day) for 1 day or 3 consecutive days, and then challenged with E. tenella sporulated oocysts (2 x 10(4) cells/chicken). In Experiment 2, 1-week-old chickens were orally administered SCE at the same dose for 3 consecutive days, and then initially infected with E. tenella sporulated oocysts (2 x 10(3) cells/chicken). At 2 and 3 weeks of age, these chickens were immunized intravenously with the mixed antigens of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus (BA). At 4 weeks of age, chickens were challenged with E. tenella sporulated oocysts (1 x 10(5)/chicken). Challenged chickens with E. tenella oocysts showed markedly decreased body weight gain/day, severe hemorrhage and great number of shedding oocysts in feces and high lesion scores. Oral administration of SCE and initial infection with oocysts (2 x 10 (3)/chicken) resulted in a remarkable improvement in body weight gain/day, hemorrhage, the number of shedding oocysts and lesion score, compare to other infected groups. In addition, SCE-inoculated chickens with the initial infection showed a significant increase in antibody responses against SRBC and BA and also improvement in decreased relative proportions of Bu-1a(+) and CD4( )cells in cecal tonsil lymphocytes of E. tenella-challenged chickens. Cecal tissues of chickens administered SCE and initially infected with E. tenella oocysts showed lower numbers of schizonts, gametocytes and oocysts than those of infected control chickens. These results suggest that SCE have immunostimulating and protective effects against E. tenella infection in chickens. 相似文献
13.
A battery trial was conducted to evaluate the comparative pathogenicity of five field strains of Eimeria tenella from Behera, Khafr El-Sheikh, Alexandria, Gharbia and Matrouh provinces in Egypt. Two-week-old broiler chickens were infected with 25×10(3) sporulated oocysts of each strain of E. tenella. The comparative pathogenicity of the strains was assessed by calculating body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, lesion scores, dropping nature scores, cecal scrapings, mortality percentage and oocysts count. Hematological parameters including hemoglobin (Hb) content, packed cell volume (PCV%) and total erythrocytic count, were also evaluated. There were different degrees of pathogenicity between the strains. 相似文献
14.
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of innate and acquired immunities. In the studies reported here, we quantified NO produced in vitro by chicken leukocytes and macrophages and in vivo during the course of experimental infection with Eimeria, the causative agent of avian coccidiosis, and identified macrophages as the primary source of inducible NO. Eimeria tenella-infected chickens produced higher levels of NO compared with noninfected controls. In Eimeria-infected animals, SC chickens produced greater amounts of NO compared with infected TK chickens, particularly in the intestinal cecum, the region of the intestine infected by E. tenella. Macrophages that were isolated from normal spleen were a major source of NO induced by interferon (IFN)-gamma, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and E. tenella sporozoites. Macrophage cell line MQ-NCSU produced high levels of NO in response to Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhi LPS, whereas the HD-11 macrophage cell line was more responsive to IFN-gamma. These findings are discussed in the context of the genetic differences in SC and TK chickens that may contribute to their divergent disease phenotypes. 相似文献
15.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of polysaccharide extracts (E) of two mushrooms, Lentinus edodes (LenE) and Tremella fuciformis (TreE), and an herb, Astragalus membranaceus (AstE), on the immune responses of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. A total of 180 broiler chickens were assigned to nine groups: three groups were fed with each of the extracts (LenE, TreE, and AstE), three groups were fed with the extracts and immunized with live oocyst vaccine (LenE+V, TreE+V, and AstE+V), a group was immunized with the vaccine only, and there were two controls (E. tenella-infected and noninfected groups). The oocyst vaccine was given at 4 days of age, and the extracts (1 g/kg of the diet) were supplemented from 8 to 14 days of age. At 18 days of age, all birds except those in the noninfected group were infected with 9 x 10(4) sporulated oocysts. The results showed that at 7 days postinfection (p.i.), birds fed the extracts without vaccination had lower body weight (BW) gain than those given the vaccine only. However, the extracts in conjunction with the vaccine significantly enhanced BW gain of the infected chickens compared with the vaccine group. Of the three extracts, LenE and TreE showed a better growth-promoting effect. The extracts largely increased oocyst excretion of droppings during the primary response postvaccination. The cecal peak oocyst output and lesion scores measured at 7 days p.i. were higher in the groups fed the extracts than in the group immunized with the vaccine only, whereas those of the groups fed with the extracts and immunized with the vaccine were not significantly different from the vaccine group. Of the three extracts, both LenE- and AstE-fed groups showed lower cecal oocyst output. Thus, as compared with the extracts, the live, attenuated vaccine showed better results with significantly increased immune response in coccidial infected birds. The polysaccharide extracts may prove useful against avian coccidiosis, and, particularly when they are used in conjunction with vaccine, they have shown preliminary promise against the experimental coccidial infection. 相似文献
16.
柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染鸡盲肠和脾脏一氧化氮合酶的表达 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用NADPH—d(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate—diaphroase)组织化学法观察了雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳珠虫(E．tenella)后一氧化氮合酶(N0S)在盲肠和脾脏中的分布与表达情况。试验结果表明，所有正常鸡盲肠粘膜下层和肌层均有较深的着色，根据以往的资料和N0S的表达特性初步判断为神经元型N0S(nNOS)；试验鸡在感染后3～5d，盲肠粘膜上皮和肠腺上皮也有较深的着色，并从感染后7d开始着色减弱；而对照组鸡盲肠粘膜上皮和肠腺上皮以及对照组和试验组的脾脏几乎不着色或着色很浅。试验结果提示，盲肠粘膜上皮和肠腺上皮的着色可能是诱导型N0S(iN0S)表达的结果，而由其产生的N0参与雏鸡球虫感染过程。 相似文献
17.
按每只鸡12×10~4个孢子化卵囊的剂量,分别感染20日龄大骨鸡、鹿苑鸡、油鸡和固始鸡,以存活率、相对增重率、血便扣分、病变扣分、卵囊扣分和抗球虫指数为评价指标,分析比较4个地方品种鸡对柔嫩艾美球虫的易感性。试验重复1次。结果显示,4个地方品种鸡对柔嫩艾美球虫的易感性不同。固始鸡对柔嫩艾美球虫易感性最高,表现为感染后的死亡率最高,病变扣分最多,抗球虫指数也最低。油鸡对柔嫩艾美球虫的易感性最低,表现为感染后的死亡率为零,病变扣分和血粪扣分最少,每鸡平均排卵囊数最少,抗球虫指数最高。大骨鸡和鹿苑鸡对柔嫩艾美球虫的易感性相近,位于固始鸡与油鸡之间。 相似文献
18.
Broiler chickens free of maternal immunity to reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) were used in the experiment. Two groups of 25 chickens were inoculated with REV at one day of age. One of these groups and another group of 25 chickens were inoculated with Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts at 7 days of age. Chickens inoculated with E. tenella showed bloody diarrhoea from 12 to 14 days of age. Six out of 25 chickens died (P less than 0.05) at 13 and 14 days of age in the dual infected group. At 14 days of age, when chickens were killed, the lesion score in the combined infection group, was statistically different from that in the chickens inoculated with E. tenella alone. Also the weights of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were lower in the two REV infected groups than in the controls. Although REV infection alone adversely affected the weight gain and feed conversion, with combined infection this effect was much greater. Following REV inoculation most of the chickens showed feathering defects and all the examined chickens were viraemic at 21 days of age. At the same age, all but one chicken failed to show precipitating antigenaemia and about one-half of these chickens showed a very low serum neutralisation titre. None of these chickens showed precipitating antibodies. 相似文献
19.
为了研究鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫SO7基因原核表达重组蛋白的免疫效力,分析其在鸡抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染中对鸡平均增重、抗球虫指数(ACI)、减少盲肠病变和卵囊数量中的作用,从柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊中提取总RNA作为模板,用RT-PCR扩增出SO7基因片段,再应用DNA重组技术将SO7基因克隆到原核表达载体pET32a(+)中并用IPTG诱导表达。SDS-PAGE结果显示,pET32a(+)-SO7表达的目的蛋白约为40ku,主要以包涵体形式存在。用纯化的重组蛋白进行动物免疫试验显示,SO7重组蛋白在鸡抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染中有较好的免疫保护作用,能够显著提高鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染鸡的平均增重和抗球虫指数(ACI),对减少盲肠病变和卵囊数量也有部分作用。 相似文献
20.
Effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection with Eimeria tenella. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
I Giannenas P Florou-Paneri M Papazahariadou E Christaki N A Botsoglou A B Spais 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2003,57(2):99-106
A study was carried out to examine the effect of dietary supplementation of oregano essential oil on performance of broiler chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella at 14 days of age. A total of 120 day-old Cobb-500 chicks separated into 4 equal groups with three replicates each, were used in this study. Two groups, one infected with 5 x 10(4) sporulated oocysts of E. tenella and the other not, were given a basal diet and served as controls. The other two groups also infected with E. tenella were administered diets supplemented with oregano essential oil at a level of 300 mg/kg, or with the anticoccidial lasalocid at 75 mg/kg. Following this infection, survival rate, bloody diarrhoea and oocysts excretion as well as lesion score were determined. Throughout the experimental period of 42 days, body weight gain and feed intake were recorded weekly, and feed conversion ratios were calculated. Two weeks after the infection with E. tenella supplementation with dietary oregano oil resulted in body weight gains and feed conversion ratios not differing from the non-infected group, but higher than those of the infected control group and lower than those of the lasalocid group. These parameters correspond with the extent of bloody diarrhoea, survival rate, lesion score and oocyst numbers and indicated that oregano essential oil exerted an anticoccidial effect against E. tenella, which was, however, lower than that exhibited by lasalocid. 相似文献