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鲁西南地区小麦茎基腐病病原菌鉴定及其致病力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确山东小麦茎基腐病害主要致病菌组成及其致病力,于2016年在山东省聊城、德州、临沂市共7个地点采集了具有典型茎基腐症状的病株并对其主要致病菌进行了分离、鉴定和致病力分析。结果共分离到45株病原真菌,其中有22株为镰孢菌,分别属于假禾谷镰孢菌（Fusarium pseudograminearum）、禾谷镰孢菌（F.graminearum）和亚洲镰孢菌（F.asiaticum）,以假禾谷镰孢菌（F.pseudograminearum）分离频率最高,占所有镰孢菌株的68.18%;其余菌株属于链格孢菌（Alternaria spp.）。对22株镰孢菌进行小麦苗期致病力及重分离率测定发现,假禾谷镰孢菌（F.pseudograminearum）的致病力明显强于禾谷镰孢菌和亚洲镰孢菌,后两者的致病力相差不大;3种病原菌的重分离率均大于40%,病原菌测序鉴定结果与接种病原菌一致。 相似文献
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河北省夏玉米苗期根病发生现状及病原初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008～2009年对河北省中南部夏玉米主产区玉米苗期根病进行调查发现,玉米苗期根病在河北省夏玉米主产区普遍发生,各地区平均病株率在73.9%～100.0%,病情指数在14.0～30.9.对各地区玉米根病病株进行病原菌分离和形态学鉴定,河北省夏玉米苗期根病主要因真菌引起,且由多种病原菌复合侵染,分离到的主要病原菌有藤仓赤霉复合种、离蠕孢菌、腐霉菌、丝核菌和禾谷镰孢菌,不同地区主要病原菌的种类存在差异.对优势病原菌进行致病力测定发现,离蠕孢菌致病力最强,且能引起植株矮化,严重影响地上部植株的生长. 相似文献
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Summary TwoPythium spp. were isolated from diseased tubers exhibiting rots at harvest, in summer stores and also in refrigerated storage. Symptoms
shared features described for both pink rot caused byPhytophthora erythroseptica and leak caused byPythium spp.
The causal agents were identified asPythium aphanidermatum andP. ultimum by morphological and physiological observations and by fingerprinting using oomycete specific primers to amplify the internal
transcribed spacer (ITS1) within ribosomal DNAs. The optimum temperatures for infection were 30°C forP. aphanidermatum and 25°C forP. ultimum, corresponding to the optimum temperatures for growth in vitro. The optimum concentration for infection of tubers inoculated
by dipping in a suspension of oospores or hyphal swellings after wounding was found to be 103 reproductive organs/ml, whereas the infection threshold was 10 reproductive organs/ml. 相似文献
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青稞全蚀病和根腐病生防毛壳菌的筛选及鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青稞根腐病与青稞全蚀病是西藏青稞的常见根部病害,为筛选适合于防治青稞全蚀病与根腐病的毛壳菌,通过皿内拮抗试验、发酵粗提物抑菌试验和温室盆栽防效试验对4株毛壳菌的抑菌活性进行了鉴定,通过形态学和分子生物学方法对高活性菌株进行了鉴定。结果发现,在皿内拮抗试验中,毛壳菌41-4在培养第7天至第9天时,对青稞根腐病和全蚀病的抑制率分别达到60.00%和44.44%,抑菌带宽度均达到1.4cm。培养7d时毛壳菌41-4发酵粗提物对青稞根腐病和全蚀病的抑制率分别达到64.44%和60.00%,抑菌带宽度均达到1.5cm。在温室盆栽防效试验中,毛壳菌41-4对青稞根腐病和全蚀病的发病严重度和病情指数均有降低作用,防效分别达到62.67%和39.45%。结合形态学特征和核糖体基因内转录间隔区(rDNAITS)序列构建系统发育树,将菌株41-4鉴定为球毛壳菌Chaetomium globosum。该生防菌株可用于开发微生物菌肥,对西藏的无公害农业生产和保护西藏的原生态具有重要意义。 相似文献
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吉林省玉米茎腐病病原菌组成、分布和优势种研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1991～1995年在吉林省六个地区主要栽培品种上采集1016个病株标样．经分离、鉴定及致病性试验重分离验证，明确在吉林省玉米茎腐病病原菌由(Fusarium sp.)和(Pythium sp.)组成．其中(Fusarium graminearum)是吉林省的优势种．其次为(Fusarium moniliforme)和(Pythium sp.)。病原菌的组成、分布存在区域间和年度间的差异。在吉林地区是以(Pythium sp.)为优势种。提出玉米茎腐病的研究工作应立足于本生态区内进行，以求达到控制和减少该病害发生危害的目的． 相似文献
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Summary The susceptibility of six new Austrian cultivars to soft rot, stem rot and blackleg caused byErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica was assessed over 2 years in two locations. Soft rot susceptibility was assessed by whole tuber and half tuber tests, stem
rot by stem inoculation and blackleg by planting inoculated tubers in the glasshouse. The susceptibility of the cultivars
tested with the tuber and blackleg test methods were in general agreement. The half tuber test was more precise in differentiating
intermediate levels of susceptibility than the whole tuber test. The reaction of the cultivars to soft rot could be classified
as susceptible (Gina and Romina), moderately susceptible (Ditta, Sonja and Bintje), or slightly susceptible (Treff, Komet
and Désirée). Results from the stem rot test did not agree with this classification and also depended upon the physiological
state of plants as influenced by growing season and glasshouse conditions. 相似文献
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穗腐病是玉米的重要病害之一。近年来,由木霉Trichoderma spp.引起的穗腐病逐年加重。抗病玉米品种的选育和利用是控制穗腐病的经济、安全和有效措施。连续3年(2020-2022年)比较分析花丝喷雾法、花丝通道注射法、子粒注射法、牙签法等接种方法对玉米木霉穗腐病抗性鉴定效果。结果表明,花丝通道注射法发病强度适中,能使不同品种在人工接种后表现出不同水平的抗性反应,较适用于玉米抗木霉穗腐病鉴定接种,是一种比较理想、容易操作的接种方法。2021-2022年鉴定的玉米新品种中,对木霉穗腐病表现高抗、抗性、中抗、感病和高感的品种分别占2.6%、13.6%、26.0%、44.4%和13.4%。 相似文献
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为明确甘肃省玉米根腐病致病镰孢菌种类,2017～2019年在甘肃省不同地区采集玉米植株进行组织分离,采用形态学和分子生物学鉴定方法对分离物进行鉴定,按照柯赫氏法则对其致病性进行测定。结果表明,引起甘肃省玉米根腐病的致病镰孢菌为厚垣镰孢Fusarium chlamydosporum、禾谷镰孢F.graminearum、尖镰孢F.oxys-porum、层出镰孢F.proliferatum、茄镰孢F.solani、三线镰孢F.tricinctum、拟轮枝镰孢F.verticillioides和产黄色镰孢F.thapsinum,其中尖镰孢和拟轮枝镰孢为优势镰孢菌,分离频率分别为22.5%和20%。通过致病性测定发现,所有分离的镰孢菌都会引起玉米根系不同程度变褐,导致根系生长缓慢、茎基部溢缩和腐烂、近地部叶片黄化、叶边缘干枯等症状。 相似文献
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小麦茎基褐腐病病原菌组成及其致病力研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为明确小麦茎基褐腐病（brown foot rot）病原菌的组成,于2008-2009年春从江苏、安徽、河南、湖北、河北和四川6省48个县市的65个地点采集了具有茎基褐腐症状的病株,并分离到110株病原真菌。根据其培养性状、形态学特征以及分子生物学鉴定,可将这些病原菌分为4类,分别为小麦根腐离蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana,41株)、镰孢菌(Fusarium spp.,33株)、雪霉叶枯病菌(Microdochium nivale,24株)和黑附球菌(Epicoccum nigrum,12株)。对这些菌株在小麦苗期的致病力及重新分离得率的测定结果表明,4类病原菌之间的致病力存在明显差异,其中以小麦根腐离蠕孢(B. sorokiniana)发病率和致病力最强,其次是镰孢菌(Fusarium spp.),雪霉叶枯病菌(M. nivale)和黑附球菌(E. nigrum）则相对较弱;病菌的重新分离得率与其致病力呈正相关。 相似文献
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利用室内对峙培养与发酵液处理病原菌研究了黄绿木霉(Trichoderma aureoviride)对大豆根腐病几种镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)的拮抗作用,并利用盆栽试验研究了黄绿木霉对苗期大豆根腐病发生的影响.拮抗试验结果表明,黄绿木霉在与镰刀菌对峙培养中,菌丝交叉、接触与纠结,接触后镰刀菌菌丝被破坏;发酵产物只可延长镰刀菌孢子萌发的时间,但对孢子最终萌发率没有影响,发酵产物对菌丝生长速率的影响以山梨醇、葡萄糖及蔗糖作为碳源时,抑菌效果好,抑菌能力分别可达63%、51%、58%;盆栽试验证明黄绿木霉对大豆根腐病有较好的防治效果,防效可达73.2%,处理后幼苗株高与干重均高于未处理的对照. 相似文献
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为了明确小麦-玉米连作种植模式下小麦冠腐病的发生危害规律及防治时期,采用田间定点、定期调查的方法,对该病害的田间消长动态进行了监测。结果表明,在2015-2016和2016-2017两个小麦生长季中,3个监测点小麦冠腐病的病株率和病情指数随小麦生育期推移呈上升趋势,春季小麦返青以后冠腐病的发生逐渐加重,拔节-灌浆期小麦冠腐病的发生快速增长。年度间小麦冠腐病的发生程度逐年加重,与2014-2015生长季灌浆期、2015-2016年相比,2016-2017年沧县监测点病株率变化不大,病害的病情指数增长1.0;宁晋监测点病株率增长1.8%~12.2%,病情指数增长0.9~4.3;景县监测点病株率增长21.3%~33.6%,病情指数增长13.5~14.6。在各监测点,随着年度间病害发生程度的加重,引起冠腐病的病原菌镰刀菌的分离频率也随之增加。 相似文献
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Tesfaye T. Tesso Newton Ochanda Christopher R. Little Larry Claflin Mitchell R. Tuinstra 《Field Crops Research》2010
Fusarium spp. is among the largest and most important pathogen groups that attack major grain crops including sorghum. The objectives of this study were to compare the virulence of Fusarium spp. associated with sorghum and examine the mode of resistance of genotypes to the disease. Eight Fusarium species – F. verticillioides, F. thapsinum, F. andiyazi, F. proliferatum, F. nyagamai, F. pseudoanthophilum, F. brevicatenulatum, and F. pseudonygamai – were studied using three sorghum genotypes under greenhouse condition. Three of these pathogens (F. verticillioides, F. thapsinum, and F. andiyazi) were selected for genetic analysis of resistance under field conditions. Sorghum genotypes with contrasting stalk rot reactions were selected for use in both the greenhouse and field experiments. Two weeks after flowering, plants were inoculated with liquid inoculum culture (5 × 104 conidia ml−1) of the different pathogens. Plants were harvested 4 weeks after inoculation and rated for disease severity on the basis of lesion length and number of nodes crossed by the lesion. Among the pathogens, F. thapsinum resulted in consistently higher disease scores in all genotypes under all environments. Likewise, genotype SC599 showed the greatest and most stable resistance as inbred as well as in hybrid combinations as shown by consistently high GCA for resistance to all pathogen species. We recommend that future screening exercises for Fusarium stalk rot resistance utilize F. thapsinum as the causal organism and include the resistant genotype SC599 as a control. 相似文献
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P. Kastelein E. G. Schepel A. Mulder L. J. Turkensteen J. W. L. Van Vuurde 《Potato Research》1999,42(1):161-171
Summary Green crop lifting (GCL) for haulm killing was developed in The Netherlands and offers ideal conditions for controlling the
blackleg pathogenErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (Eca) by antagonists.
Based on the use of mini-tubers or young tubers from field crops, two bioassays for wound protection were developed. GCL was
simulated by artificially skinning or wounding tubers, inoculating the damaged skin with Eca, treating with antagonists and
incubating in either potting compost or outside in field soil.
Mainly fluorescent pseudomonads, pre-screened for in vitro antagonistic activity on agar and high soft rot reducing ability
on tuber slices, were tested in the mini-tuber bioassay. Strains giving the highest degree of wound protection were further
tested individually and in combination under field conditions in the young tuber bioassay. One individual strain and two combinations,
resulting in reduction of contamination levels on skinned surfaces of 85% and between 60% and 70%, respectively, show good
potential for biological control of blackleg. 相似文献
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玉米镰孢穗腐病发生条件及化学防治效果研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过人工接种筛选抗病品种资源,研究播期、种植密度对病害发生的影响,明确玉米镰孢菌穗腐病发生与品种资源、播期、种植密度的关系,分析棘孢木霉菌颗粒剂(TCF)和XDS种衣剂(40%毒死蜱乳油、20%辛硫磷和10%井岗霉素混剂)对玉米穗腐病的防效。结果表明,32个自交系中有6个抗病自交系,延迟播种玉米镰孢菌穗腐病发生严重,播种密度对病害发生程度无显著影响。人工接种条件下,TCF颗粒剂穴施、XDS种衣剂拌种2个处理表现为百粒重增加、秃尖长度降低,TCF颗粒剂穴施处理的防效最高,为48.69%。 相似文献
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A. Sletten 《Potato Research》1980,23(1):111-113
Summary Potato stem cuttings dipped in high concentrations ofCorynebacterium sepedonicum developed into plants which showed ring rot symptoms on leaves, stems and tubers after 13 weeks. Stem cuttings dipped in
very low concentrations of the bacterium developed into plants which visually could not be distinguished from non-infected
plants, but latent infection was detected in leaves, stems and tubers. 相似文献
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Summary Glasshouse-grown seedling tubers of 22 progenies from parents differing in resistance toFusarium coeruleum andF. sulphureum (Gibberella cyanogena) were wound-inoculated with a cornmeal + sand culture of one or other of these dry rot pathogens. WithF. coeruleum, differences between progenies were due entirely to differences in the general combining abilities (gca) of the parents.
Parental and gca values were highly correlated, as were the mean resistance of a progeny and that of its parents. WithG. cyanogena the agreement between replicates was poor and differences between progenies were less clear. It is suggested that different
resistance mechanisms operate against these two pathogens. 相似文献
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Mehdi Nasr Esfahani 《Potato Research》2005,48(3-4):215-226
Summary The susceptibility of 43 commercially available potato cultivars to dry rot caused byF. sulphureum, F. solani andF. oxysporum under similar conditions was examined over two years. The cultivars reacted with differing levels of resistance to the dry
rot species.F. sulphureum was more aggressive than the other two species and the resistance to each species was independent. The overall cluster analysis
classified the cultivars into six groups. Saturna, in an individual group, is the most resistant variety to all tested species,
and also toF. surphureum. Panda, Fregate, Folva, Arian and a few others in a group are resistant toF. solani. AlthoughF. oxysporum was the least pathogenetic, almost half of the cultivars are included in a resistant group to this species. There was little
correlation between the rank orders of susceptibility of the cultivars to the two main pathogens. 相似文献
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Summary The susceptibility of 15 potato cultivars to dry rot caused byFusarium sulphureum andf. solani var.coeruleum was examined over 8 years. Tubers were wounded, inoculated, incubated at 10°C for 7–8 weeks and the size of the rot assessed.F. sulphureum was the more aggressive species. There was little correlation between the rank order of susceptibility of the cultivars to
the two pathogens, but a higly significant correlation between years. Two years' tests are deemed sufficient to assess susceptibility
to both species. 相似文献